Patent Deployment Strategies and Patent Value in LED Industry

This study applies two variables in the measurement of company patent deployment strategies: patent family depth and earn plan ratio. Patent family depth represents the degree to which certain fields and markets are valued by the patent owner. Earn plan ratio defined as the ratio of the number of patent forward citations to patent family size. Earn plan ratio indicates the degree to which a patent family could be cited by later innovators and competitors. This study applies a logistic regression model in the analysis LED industry data. The results demonstrate that patent value has a positive relationship with the patent family depth, and earn plan ratio.     

CAR-T技术中外专利申请分析与比较

基于嵌合抗原受体-T细胞(CAR-T)的免疫疗法已经成为了一种有效治疗恶性肿瘤的全新疗法。通过检索并分析CAR-T领域的专利申请文件,从中获得了国内外专利申请发展趋势、主要专利申请人、专利地区分布情况等信息,并重点综述了获美国FDA批准的首个CAR-T 疗法的所属公司——诺华公司CAR-T技术的研发路线,以及国内主要研究机构的专利申请情况。     

Identification of gene-related Korean patents and construction of a database server for Korean patent sequences

With the advent of high-throughput techniques, the number of patent applications containing biological sequences has been increasing rapidly in Korea. However, there is little information on gene relatedness of the Korean patent sequences. The primary aims of this study are two-fold. First, we associated Korean patent applications with genes. Second, we have constructed a database server, named Patome@Korea, to provide the gene-patent map and the Korean patent data containing biological sequences. To associate the sequences with genes, we have received patent sequence data from the Korean Intellectual Property Office (KIPO) and annotated them with RefSeq and Entrez Gene. Through the association analysis, we found that nearly 14.7% of human genes were related to Korean patenting, compared to 25% of human genes in the US patent. We have consolidated the association results and the patent sequence data to a relational database and implemented a web-based user interface to provide search service. The database can be queried using application number, applicant, titles, gene ID/name, and RefSeq number. We also provide web-based BLAST facility to allow users to compare their sequences against patent sequences. Equal contribution.     

水稻分子育种技术专利分析

通过Thomson Innovation（TI）专利平台数据库中相关专利的检索,利用专利计量学的方法,从专利申请数量、受理国家、申请机构、技术生命周期以及研发热点等方面对水稻分子育种技术国际发展态势进行分析。结果表明,水稻分子育种技术目前整体呈快速发展趋势,并已趋于成熟。其中,美国的申请量最多,是全球最受重视的技术市场。大型跨国公司不仅是全球最主要的专利申请主体,而且在我国的专利申请活动也较为活跃。我国在水稻分子育种技术领域专利数量较多,并且具有一定优势,相关专利申请主体为科研机构和大学。对专利文献内容的深入分析表明,重要农艺性状的基因挖掘和转基因技术是分子育种技术领域当前的研发热点。     

基于临床的专利信息分析工作模式的构建

在大多数医疗机构中，知识产权管理往往容易被忽视，尤其是专利信息很难得到有效的利用。从基于临床的专利信息利用角度出发，结合医疗机构临床的发展方向，构建一套专利信息分析工作模式，为其发展提供决策性意见，以提高专利产出效率。     

Patent pools and diagnostic testing

There is increasing concern that overlapping patents in the field of genetics will create a costly and legally complex situation known as a patent thicket, which, along with the associated issues of accumulating royalty payments, can act as a disincentive for innovation. One potential means of preventing this is for the patent holders to enter into a so-called patent pool, such as those established in the electronics and telecommunications industries. Precedents for these also exist in the field of genetics, notably with the patents pertaining to the SARS genome. In this review, we initially address the patent pool concept in general and its application in genetics. Following this, we will explore patent pools in the diagnostic field in more detail, and examine some existing and novel examples of patent pools in genetics.     

农业生物技术领域专利态势分析

专利是技术的有效载体,通过专利态势分析可以在一定程度上有效掌握技术发展脉络及发展趋势。基于专利信息,采用定量数据、定性调研与专家智慧有机结合的方法,从申请趋势、保护市场、领域分布、重要专利权人等多维度分析视角进行农业生物技术领域专利技术态势分析。通过专利态势分析掌握全球农业生物技术专利保护概貌,指出重点方向。在此基础上结合中国农业生物技术领域专利法律状态和专利转让许可状况探讨中国农业生物技术专利保护现状及存在问题,以期支撑中国农业生物技术领域的创新决策。     

The lone inventor: low success rates and common errors associated with pro-se patent applications

A pro-se patent applicant is an inventor who chooses to represent himself while pursuing ("prosecuting") a patent application. To the author's knowledge, this paper is the first empirical study addressing how applications filed by pro-se inventors fare compared to applications in which inventors were represented by patent attorneys or agents. The prosecution history of 500 patent applications filed at the United States Patent and Trademark Office were analyzed: inventors were represented by a patent professional for 250 of the applications ("represented applications") but not in the other 250 ("pro-se applications"). 76% of the pro-se applications became abandoned (not issuing as a patent), as compared to 35% of the represented applications. Further, among applications that issued as patents, pro-se patents' claims appear to be narrower and therefore of less value than claims in the represented patent set. Case-specific data suggests that a substantial portion of pro-se applicants unintentionally abandon their applications, terminate the examination process relatively early, and/or fail to take advantage of interview opportunities that may resolve issues stalling allowance of the application.     

基于专利分析的江苏生物医药发展现状与对策研究

以国家知识产权数据库为统计源,对1995～2014年间的生物医药技术研究的专利文献进行统计分析,给出江苏生物医药专利的总体发展态势、地区分布、IPC技术构成和专利高产机构,同时基于技术领域的专利组合,与国内代表性省市北京、山东、上海以及美国进行对比分析,最后重点分析了江苏生物医药企业专利申请情况及地区分布,为江苏及各省制定更加合理的技术发展对策提供专利视角的参考。     

基于专利计量分析的抗HIV 药物发展趋势研究

近年来,艾滋病感染人数急剧增加,已成为威胁人类健康的重大疾病。为了对抗HIV药物的研究现状和发展趋势进行深入分析,本文通过在Derwent Innovations Index数据库中检索2006-2012年的抗HIV药物专利。对采集的专利信息用TDA软件进行数据清洗,利用专利计量分析方法,借助可视化的分析工具,从专利申请数量、优先权国、专利技术机构和专利技术领域等方面进行分析。研究发现近几年抗HIV药物专利申请数量较为平稳;专利申请主要集中在美国、加拿大和中国;抗HIV药物的技术领域主要集中在天然产物、发酵工业和杂环化合物等方面。美国在专利申请数量方面远远领先于其他国家,足以见美国在抗HIV药物研发的活跃和强劲的技术实力。我国虽然在专利申请数量方面具有一定优势,但是与国外相比仍有较大差距。     

“禁止反悔”对药物专利申请文件的撰写和修改的影响

申请人在专利实质审查的过程中,缩小其保护范围使得专利获得了授权,但在主张侵权诉讼中因为禁止反悔原则,却不能将因对权利要求的修改而放弃的技术方案再纳入到专利权的保护范围中。因此,申请人应重视专利授权或者无效宣告程序中权利要求的修改,知晓未公开的针对审查意见通知书的答复也会成为日后侵权判定过程中的一个重要证据,在此,申请人应仔细思考、斟酌每一次权利要求的修改以及每一次审查意见的答复,不能为了在较短的时间内获得授权就同意审查员的观点放弃权利要求中的技术特征,必要时,可以对审查员的观点予以否定。讨论了禁止反悔对药物专利申请文件的撰写和修改的影响。     

A survey of problems relating to legal protection of genetic engineering inventions

In the first patent applications in the field of genetic engineering the main problems were the terminology and the definition of various concepts. This was mainly due to the fact that the field of genetic engineering was new to the patent officials as well as to the patent attorneys. At the moment the terminology and the concepts have already become familiar and patent problems also in the microbiological sector are merely technical. However, new exiting problems have arisen because of the rapid development in the field of plant and animal biotechnology. A lot of work is still needed before the patent system fulfills its purpose as a promoter of technical, economical and social progress also in the field of biotechnology.     

生物学发明及其专利保护

本参考中国专利法,欧洲专利法及美国、日本的相关专利法条和有关国际公约讨论了生物学发明及其获得专利保护的一般方法和原则,以期帮助有关企业和科研机构能有效地对相应地发明进行专利保护。     

Invisible genomes: the genomics revolution and patenting practice

In the mid-1990s, the company Human Genome Sciences submitted three potentially revolutionary patent applications to the US Patent and Trademark Office, each of which claimed the entire genome sequence of a microorganism. The patent examiners, however, objected to these applications, and after negotiation they were eventually re-written to resemble more traditional gene patents. In this paper, which is based on a study of the patent examination files, we examine the reasons why these patent applications were unsuccessful in their original form. We show that with respect to utility and novelty, the patent attorney's case built on an understanding of the genome as a computer-related invention. The patent examiners did not object to the patenting of complete genome sequences as computer-related inventions on moral grounds or in terms of the distinction between a discovery and an invention. Instead, their objections were based on classification, rules and procedure. Rather than patent examiners having a notion of a genome that should not be patented, the notion of a 'genome', and the ways in which it may be different from a 'gene', played no role in these debates. We discuss the consequences of our findings for patenting in the biosciences.     

Patenting of university and non-university public research organisations in Germany: evidence from patent applications for medical research results

Background

Patents are one of the most important forms of intellectual property. They grant a time-limited exclusivity on the use of an invention allowing the recuperation of research costs. The use of patents is fiercely debated for medical innovation and especially controversial for publicly funded research, where the patent holder is an institution accountable to public interest. Despite this controversy, for the situation in Germany almost no empirical information exists. The purpose of this study is to examine the amount, types and trends of patent applications for health products submitted by German public research organisations.

Methods/Principal Findings

We conducted a systematic search for patent documents using the publicly accessible database search interface of the German Patent and Trademark Office. We defined keywords and search criteria and developed search patterns for the database request. We retrieved documents with application date between 1988 and 2006 and processed the collected data stepwise to compile the most relevant documents in patent families for further analysis. We developed a rationale and present individual steps of a systematic method to request and process patent data from a publicly accessible database. We retrieved and processed 10194 patent documents. Out of these, we identified 1772 relevant patent families, applied for by 193 different universities and non-university public research organisations. 827 (47%) of these patent families contained granted patents. The number of patent applications submitted by universities and university-affiliated institutions more than tripled since the introduction of legal reforms in 2002, constituting almost half of all patent applications and accounting for most of the post-reform increase. Patenting of most non-university public research organisations remained stable.

Conclusions

We search, process and analyse patent applications from publicly accessible databases. Internationally mounting evidence questions the viability of policies to increase commercial exploitation of publicly funded research results. To evaluate the outcome of research policies a transparent evidence base for public debate is needed in Germany.     

全球专利微生物菌种近20年的保藏与发放情况分析

本文基于世界知识产权组织(WIPO)公开的"国际保藏单位2001–2019年专利微生物保藏与发放"数据进行统计分析。结果表明:全球专利微生物保藏量呈现稳步增长态势,中国专利菌种保藏量位列全球第一,保藏全球近四成专利菌种(31386株,占比39.86%);2018年后全球菌种发放量陡增,其中美国是专利菌种发放量最多的国家(24153株,占全球发放量的96.63%),中国专利菌种的发放率处于较低水平(1034株,发放率3.29%)。中国专利菌种"重保藏、轻发放"的现象严重,需要适当提升产业化开发利用水平。     

生物技术领域发明专利申请文件撰写中存在的问题

专利申请文件的撰写在一定程度上决定一项专利的命运,针对国内生物技术类专利申请文件撰写中存在的问题,从6个方面提出看法和建议,供国内专利申请人参考,以之保护自己的发明创造成果。     

基于专利信息分析的中国3D生物打印技术发展与产业化研究*

目的:基于专利信息对我国3D生物打印技术的发展态势进行分析。方法:本文基于incopat和TDA两大专利分析平台对中国3D生物打印的专利发展态势从专利统计分析与专利计量分析两个维度进行了跨库组合分析,总结了我国3D生物打印技术的专利前沿动态特征。结果:研究发现,中国3D生物打印技术从2013年起进入专利激增态势,中国作为潜在技术市场的国际竞争日趋激烈,本文还从专利申请人、技术领域分布、专利文本关键词聚类、专利价值、专利合作等方面进行了深度挖掘分析。结论:最后,结合对中国3D生物打印专利申请人的专利产业化案例深度分析与专利特征总结,为中国3D生物打印技术发展与产业化提供参考建议。     

Patent urachus with subsequent joint infection in a free-living Grevy's zebra foal

A free-living, female Grevy's zebra (Equus grevyi) foal was found lethargic, lame, with swollen joints, pyrexia, and urine dripping from the umbilicus. It died 2 days later despite intensive care. Gross examination revealed patent urachus and suppurative arthritis. Swabs were taken from the joints, the patent urachus, and urine for bacteriology. The dominant isolate was Escherichia coli. The joint infection was probably secondary to septicemia, resulting from the patent urachus. To our knowledge, this is the first report of neonatal patent urachus in a wild equid.