不同种源鹅掌楸苗木叶解剖性状的遗传多样性

以5个鹅掌楸种源的1年生苗木成熟叶片为材料,对叶表皮、叶片横切面及主脉横切面的16个解剖性状进行观察和变异性分析。结果表明:鹅掌楸叶解剖性状在种源间及种源内存在极丰富的变异,除下表皮密度在种源间差异不显著外,其余性状在种源间及种源内(包括下表皮密度)均存在极显著差异。种源间的平均表型分化系数为27.5%,说明鹅掌楸叶片结构的主要性状存在于种源内的变异(72.5%)远大于种源间的变异。鹅掌楸叶的解剖性状与地理生态因子的相关分析表明,其种源间的变异呈现梯度规律性,表皮各性状与经度、年均温呈负相关关系,叶片和主脉横切面各性状与经度、纬度大部分呈正相关关系,而与年降水量、年均温大都呈负相关关系。用种源间欧式距离进行UPGMA聚类,可将5个种源的鹅掌楸划分为3个类群。     

梁王山大花香水月季居群表型多样性分析

以云南省澄江市梁王山一带3个大花香水月季居群240个个体为研究对象,采用巢式方差分析、表型变异系数分析、Pearson相关性分析等方法,对大花香水月季的花、叶等16个表型性状进行分析.结果表明:大花香水月季居群内和居群间均存在丰富的表型多样性,表型分化系数在-1.51％～26.18％之间,在较近的距离内,居群内多样性远...     

灰木莲种源幼苗叶片性状表型多样性分析

以越南收集的12个灰木莲（Manglietia conifera Dandy）种源为材料,对叶片形态性状（叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶周长、长宽比、叶柄）以及微形态特征（气孔器密度、气孔器长、气孔器宽、气孔器面积、长宽比）进行测定,采用方差分析、变异系数、相关分析和主成分分析等方法进行分析。结果表明：灰木莲不同种源间的叶表型性状存在显著差异;种源中,LC2的叶形态性状的平均变异系数最大（22.09%）,TQ2的变异系数最小（12.76%）;叶表型性状中,叶面积的变异系数最大（28.60%）,气孔器宽的变异系数最小（5.19%）;相关性分析结果表明叶表型性状间存在显著或极显著的相关关系,而地理因素中经度与叶周长显著相关,经纬度与叶长宽比呈显著相关,海拔与叶表型性状间的相关性不显著（P<0.05）;主成分分析表明前3个主成分的累计贡献率达到了89.29%,基本代表原始性状的全部信息。灰木莲12个种源经聚类分析在欧式距离5阈值处可分为4类。灰木莲种源间的叶表型性状存在着丰富的变异,纬度对灰木莲叶形态特征有明显影响,灰木莲种源间和性状间的变异程度存在着差异,本研究为灰木莲遗传改良提供理论依据。     

不同种源麻栎种子和苗木性状地理变异趋势面分析

麻栎(Quercus acutissima Carr.)是优良的能源和用材树种,在我国分布广泛并已有悠久栽培利用的历史,研究其种子和苗木性状地理变异规律对选择优良种源和适生区十分必要.研究收集了13个省(区)36个种源的麻栎种子,在测定麻栎种子性状的基础上,在安徽省滁州市红琊山林场进行了苗期试验和苗木性状测定,并采用趋势面分析方法对这些性状在经纬2维方向的地理变异模式进行了剖析.结果表明:1)麻栎种源间种子长度、宽度、百粒重和营养内含物存在极显著差异.种子百粒重、长度和宽度总体表现双向渐变趋势,随经度增高而增大,随纬度增高而减小,主要受到经度的控制;以西南到东北为中间地带,可溶性糖含量向东南表现先下降后上升的趋势,向西北则相反;淀粉含量从西北到东南呈逐渐减小的趋势.2)麻栎种源苗高、地径、生物量、热值和木材化学组分存在极显著差异.苗高、地径和生物量均呈双向渐变,经正向变异且变化幅度较大,纬负向变异且变化幅度较小,经度影响大于纬度;热值拟合回归方程不显著,方程无意义.木质素含量北部大于南部,但北部以西北部最高,南部以东南部最高.3)研究显示,麻栎种子和苗木性状多数存在显著的地理变异模式,这也是麻栎在长期进化过程中为适应复杂多变的环境而产生与之相适应的遗传变异结果.     

不同种源桃金娘表型性状多样性研究

为解析桃金娘表型性状多样性及其种源间关系，该文以20个不同来源的桃金娘为研究对象，在同质园栽培条件下，对其营养器官和花器官表型性状进行观测，采用方差分析、变异分析、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数分析和聚类分析等方法，探讨不同种源桃金娘表型性状多样性。结果表明：(1)不同种源桃金娘表型性状存在显著差异(P<0.05),Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均值在1.35以上，表型性状多样性丰富。(2)种源内表型性状变异系数均值在10.81%～63.75%之间，种源间的变异系数均值在13.08%～74.04%之间，种源间变异(23.33%)高于种源内变异(19.79%),营养器官变异(29.52%)高于花器官变异(14.06%)。(3)部分性状存在极显著或显著相关性，株高与分枝数呈极显著负相关，而与叶长、叶宽和叶面积等却呈显著正相关。(4)在欧式距离10处，20个种源桃金娘可分为A、B、C三类，A类包含8个种源，该类种源表现为植株高大、分枝少、叶大和花大等特征；B类包含11个种源，该类种源表现为株高中等、叶较大和花中等等特征；C类仅包含1个种源，表现为植株低矮、分枝多、叶小和...     

花楸树种源间表型性状的地理变异分析

为揭示花楸树[ Sorbus pohuashanensis (Hance) Hedl.]表型性状的地理变异规律,对来源于山东、山西和河北的7个花楸树种源171个家系2年生幼苗的株高、地径、复叶长、复叶宽、叶柄长、小叶长、小叶宽、复叶长宽比和小叶长宽比9个表型性状进行了比较,并进行了方差分析、主成分分析(PCA)及聚类分析;在此基础上,分析了各种源株高和地径与主要地理-气候因子的相关性.结果表明:在种源间及种源内家系间 9个表型性状均有极显著差异;7个种源幼苗的平均株高和平均地径变幅分别为54.21～ 63.07 cm和8.12 ～8.45 mm;叶片各项指标的变幅相对较小,变幅最大的为叶柄长,为1.87 ～3.05 cm;9个性状在种源间的表型分化系数为12.98％～54.04％,其中小叶长的表型分化系数最大(54.04％),株高的表型分化系数最小(12.98％),种源间各性状的平均表型分化系数为34.38％.主成分分析结果表明:花楸树表型性状之间的差异主要表现在小叶长和宽,其次是复叶长和宽.通过聚类分析可将7个种源划分为2组,其中,山东崂山和泰山种源聚为I组;山西庞泉沟及河北白石山、驼梁山、雾灵山和塞罕坝5个种源聚为Ⅱ组.相关性分析结果表明:花楸树株高与纬度呈显著负相关、与降雨量呈显著正相关(P=0.05);地径则与经度、年均温和年降雨量呈显著正相关(P=0.05).研究结果显示:花楸树的各项表型性状在种源间以及种源内家系间存在丰富的变异、遗传分化显著,其中种源内家系间的变异是花楸树表型变异的主要来源.初步判断花楸树表型性状的变异为经纬向双重变异模式,其中纬度起主要作用.     

麻栎不同种源的表型性状变异分析

以来源于广西、广东、贵州、湖南、浙江、安徽、江苏、湖北、四川、陕西、河南和山东的28个麻栎（QuercusacutissimaLinn.）地理种源为研究对象,分析了6个表型性状（包括叶长、叶宽、叶柄长和叶长宽比4个叶片性状及株高和地径2个生长性状）的变异状况;研究了种源间及种源内各性状的变异系数（CV）和相对极差（R°）及种源间各叶片性状的表型分化系数（Vst）;并进行了各性状的相关性分析及主成分分析;此外,还对28个种源进行了聚类分析。结果表明：各种源间6个表型性状均有极显著差异（P〈0.01）;而种源内仅叶宽和叶长分别具有极显著和显著（P〈0.05）差异。种源间4个叶片性状的Vst平均值为23.98%,其中叶宽的Vst值最大（42.39%）。在6个表型性状中,叶柄长的CV平均值最大（33.60%）、地径的CV平均值最小（16.25%）;在不同种源中,陕西汉中种源各性状的CV平均值最小（14.39%）,而江苏句容、四川万源和山东沂水种源各性状的CV平均值均超过30%。各种源间表型性状的R°值差异明显,其中,四川万源种源的R°值最大（60.99%）,湖南新宁和陕西汉中种源的R°值较小（30%以下）;而6个性状间R°值差别不大,为34.93%-44.98%,表明麻栎种源间的极端差异程度有明显不同,而表型性状间的极端差异程度差异不大。4个叶片性状中,仅叶宽与叶长宽比呈极显著负相关,其他性状间均呈极显著正相关;叶片性状与生长性状间均呈负相关,而株高与地径则呈极显著正相关。麻栎种源表型性状变异的第1和第2主成分的贡献率分别为43.663%和27.695%,第1主成分中叶性状变异占主导地位,而第2主成分则主要反映生长性状的变异。通过聚类分析可将28个种源分为2大类,分别包含22和6个种源,但聚类分析结果与其地理分布没有明显相关性。研究结果显示：麻栎?     

Molecular and Quantitative Genetic Differentiation in Sitobion avenae Populations from Both Sides of the Qinling Mountains

Quantitative trait differences are often assumed to be correlated with molecular variation, but the relationship is not certain, and empirical evidence is still scarce. To address this issue, we sampled six populations of the cereal aphid Sitobion avenae from areas north and south of the Qinling Mountains, and characterized their molecular variation at seven microsatellite loci and quantitative variation at nine life-history traits. Our results demonstrated that southern populations had slightly longer developmental times of nymphs but much higher lifetime fecundity, compared to northern populations. Of the nine tested quantitative characters, eight differed significantly among populations within regions, as well as between northern and southern regions. Genetic differentiation in neutral markers was likely to have been caused by founder events and drift. Increased subdivision for quantitative characters was found in northern populations, but reduced in southern populations. This phenomenon was not found for molecular characters, suggesting the decoupling between molecular and quantitative variation. The pattern of relationships between F_ST and Q_ST indicated divergent selection and suggested that local adaptation play a role in the differentiation of life-history traits in tested S. avenae populations, particularly in those traits closely related to reproduction. The main role of natural selection over genetic drift was also supported by strong structural differences in G-matrices among S. avenae populations. However, cluster analyses did not result in two groups corresponding to northern and southern regions. Genetic differentiation between northern and southern populations in neutral markers was low, indicating considerable gene flow between them. The relationship between molecular and quantitative variation, as well as its implications for differentiation and evolution of S. avenae populations, was discussed.     

木荷稳定碳同位素分辨率的种源差异

利用设置在福建建瓯、浙江淳安和浙江庆元3个区试点的5年生木荷种源试验林,选取18个代表性种源测定叶片的稳定碳同位素分辨率(Δ值),研究其在种源间的差异和地理变异模式,以及造林立地环境和种源生长对其的影响.结果表明：木荷种源叶片稳定碳同位素分辨率存在很大差异,福建建瓯、浙江淳安和庆元3个区试点的叶片Δ值最高和最低种源分别相差6.9％、3.0％和3.7％.种源叶片Δ值与其产地纬度呈显著负相关,而与产地经度的相关性较小,表现为典型的纬向渐变模式,来自木荷分布区南部的种源叶片Δ值较大,说明其长期水分利用效率较低.随着造林立地环境的改善和年降雨量的增多,木荷叶片Δ值显著增加.种源叶片Δ值与其树高、胸径、一级侧枝总数和最大侧枝长等皆呈显著正相关,树冠浓密的速生种源具有较高的Δ值.此外, 在木荷中心产区(福建建瓯)和边缘产区(浙江淳安)分别初选出2个和4个水分利用效率高的速生优良种源,供推广应用.     

暴马丁香不同种源种子和幼苗的表型性状变异及其与地理-气候因子的相关性

为探究不同产地暴马丁香﹝Syringa reticulata subsp. amurensis ( Rupr.) P. S. Green et M. C. Chang〕种子和幼苗的表型性状变异规律及其与地理-气候因子的关系,以来源于黑龙江、河北、北京、内蒙古、青海和山西的10个种源(包括6个野生种源和4个栽培种源)的种子和幼苗为实验材料,对种子长和宽、种翅长和宽、百粒质量、发芽率、叶长和宽、叶长与叶宽的比值、叶柄长、株高和地径12个表型性状进行测量;在此基础上,进行了方差分析、变异系数分析、主成分分析、聚类分析及相关性分析。结果显示：暴马丁香不同种源间种子和幼苗的表型性状均有极显著差异(P=0.01),差异较大的表型性状为发芽率、百粒质量、种翅长和种翅宽。种源内和种源间各表型性状的变异系数(CV)均差异较大,种源内CV值为1.39%~45.56%,种源间CV值为6.45%~42.76%;其中,种源内种翅长和种翅宽的CV平均值较大,发芽率和百粒质量的CV平均值均较小,而种源间发芽率和百粒质量的CV值则较大。主成分分析结果表明：暴马丁香表型性状间的差异主要体现在种子长、种子宽和叶长,其次为株高、发芽率、地径、叶宽和种翅宽。根据聚类分析结果,供试的10个种源被划分为4类,其中,来源于北京和内蒙古及3个来源于河北的种源聚为Ⅰ类,来源于黑龙江哈尔滨的2个种源聚为Ⅱ类,来源于山西的2个种源聚为Ⅲ类,来源于青海的1个种源单独聚为Ⅳ类,聚类结果与各种源的地理分布有关。相关性分析结果表明：各表型性状间及表型性状与地理-气候因子间均存在不同的相关性,其中,种子发芽率与种子的其他5个表型性状均无显著相关性;经度和纬度与各表型性状均无显著相关性,而海拔、年均温和无霜期则是影响表型性状变异的主要因子。综合分析结果显示：暴马丁香各种源间存在明显的地理遗传分化,地理隔离和生态因子的大幅变化导致其种子和幼苗的表型性状变异丰富。根据研究结果,对暴马丁香的保护和利用提出了一些建议。     

Rapid Plant Invasion in Distinct Climates Involves Different Sources of Phenotypic Variation

When exotic species spread over novel environments, their phenotype will depend on a combination of different processes, including phenotypic plasticity (PP), local adaptation (LA), environmental maternal effects (EME) and genetic drift (GD). Few attempts have been made to simultaneously address the importance of those processes in plant invasion. The present study uses the well-documented invasion history of Senecio inaequidens (Asteraceae) in southern France, where it was introduced at a single wool-processing site. It gradually invaded the Mediterranean coast and the Pyrenean Mountains, which have noticeably different climates. We used seeds from Pyrenean and Mediterranean populations, as well as populations from the first introduction area, to explore the phenotypic variation related to climatic variation. A reciprocal sowing experiment was performed with gardens under Mediterranean and Pyrenean climates. We analyzed climatic phenotypic variation in germination, growth, reproduction, leaf physiology and survival. Genetic structure in the studied invasion area was characterized using AFLP. We found consistent genetic differentiation in growth traits but no home-site advantage, so weak support for LA to climate. In contrast, genetic differentiation showed a relationship with colonization history. PP in response to climate was observed for most traits, and it played an important role in leaf trait variation. EME mediated by seed mass influenced all but leaf traits in a Pyrenean climate. Heavier, earlier-germinating seeds produced larger individuals that produced more flower heads throughout the growing season. However, in the Mediterranean garden, seed mass only influenced the germination rate. The results show that phenotypic variation in response to climate depends on various ecological and evolutionary processes associated with geographical zone and life history traits. Seeing the relative importance of EME and GD, we argue that a “local adaptation vs. phenotypic plasticity” approach is therefore not sufficient to fully understand what shapes phenotypic variation and genetic architecture of invasive populations.     

基于野外调查和同质种植园实验的芦苇植物功能性状变异研究

研究表型可塑性和遗传变异在植物表型分化中的相对作用,有助于预测全球环境变化下的植物群落组成和生态系统功能的变化。芦苇（Phragmites australis）是全球性广布的草本植物,种内变异丰富,在我国西北和东部均存在多个分化稳定的生态型,但中国芦苇在更大尺度上的表型研究还非常匮乏。将位于黄河上游的宁夏平原和黄河下游的黄河三角洲作为研究区域,通过野外调查和同质种植园实验对芦苇自然种群的植物功能性状变异进行观测。结果表明,无论在野外还是同质种植园,黄河三角洲芦苇的基径、叶长和叶宽均显著大于宁夏平原芦苇,说明两个地区的芦苇种群之间存在着受遗传决定的表型分化,这可能与两个地区间的降水等气候差异有关。在野外,宁夏芦苇的株高和叶厚显著大于黄河三角洲芦苇,但在同质园中差异消失或相反,说明株高、叶厚受环境影响较大,表型可塑性也是芦苇适应环境变化的重要机制。在同质种植园中,宁夏平原芦苇的叶片氮磷含量较低,但株数却显著多于黄河三角洲芦苇,反映了不同地区芦苇之间存在不同的适应策略,宁夏平原芦苇更偏向于高扩散率的杂草策略,而黄河三角洲芦苇更偏向于竞争策略。此外,宁夏平原芦苇的株高、叶长两个性状以及基径-比叶面积相关性在野外和同质园两个环境中存在一致性,表明了性状变异和权衡策略的遗传稳定性。综上,位于黄河上下游的芦苇种群间存在着适应性分化,这是表型可塑性和遗传变异共同作用的结果,不同来源芦苇对全球变化下的多重环境因子的响应还需要进一步研究。     

中亚热带赤皮青冈天然种群表型多样性分析

赤皮青冈(Quercus gilva)是我国中亚热带地区极具经济价值的珍贵用材树种。为揭示其表型多样性与变异规律以及影响表型变异的关键地理气候因子，该研究以14个赤皮青冈天然种群115个单株为材料，对其15个树体和叶片性状进行测量，并采用巢式方差分析、表型分化系数分析、多样性指数分析、相关性分析、主成分分析以及聚类分析等方法，探究赤皮青冈的表型变异规律及其与地理气候因子的相关性。结果表明：(1)赤皮青冈表型多样性水平较高，15个表型性状的变异系数和Shannon-Wiener指数平均值分别为35.070%和1.998,14个种群的变异系数在14.94%(洞口)～35.56%(龙山)之间、Shannon-Wiener指数在1.127(松阳)～1.980(常宁)之间。(2)15个表型性状在种群间和种群内均存在极显著差异(P<0.01),种群平均表型分化系数为41.491%,表型变异主要来源于种群内。(3)相关性分析发现，赤皮青冈部分性状间存在显著或极显著相关性，表型性状与地理因子间相关性不明显，降水是影响赤皮青冈表型性状的主要气候因子。(4)主成分分析发现，基于11个表型可提炼出4个...     

同期生长在种源地与异地同质园刨花楠叶性状分析

为辨别环境变化与遗传因素对植物叶片主要功能性状的影响,以同期生长在4种源地母树林下及异地同质园的1.5年生刨花楠苗木为研究对象,对其叶片表型及养分性状进行对比分析。结果显示：(1)刨花楠叶面积、叶厚、叶干物质含量等叶片表型性状受遗传与环境因素共同影响;叶片碳(C)含量受遗传因素调控,环境对其影响较小;叶片氮、磷(N、P)含量主要受环境因素影响;(2)不同种源刨花楠比叶面积、叶厚、叶干物质含量、叶形指数等性状变异系数较大(8.85%—37.03%),其中江西遂川种源变异系数相对较大,而湖南茶陵种源则相对较小,各种源都倾向于通过调节比叶面积、叶厚、叶片氮磷含量等性状以适应生境变化;(3)种源地与同质园刨花楠的比叶面积虽均与叶厚呈显著负相关,但同质园刨花楠比叶面积与叶形指数呈显著正相关,与叶片氮含量无明显相关,而种源地刨花楠比叶面积则与叶形指数无明显相关,与叶片氮含量则呈显著负相关;(4)不同种源苗木叶性状指标在种源地与同质园间存在不同的协调与权衡,体现了植物在不同生境下的适应策略。其中湖南茶陵种源在两种生境下都具有更保守的资源获取策略,而江西安福种源对环境变化则更为敏感,资源获取策略更为灵...     

Morphologic variation in northern marginal Juniperus oxycedrus L. subsp. oxycedrus populations in Istria

Marginal tree populations are believed to be more differentiated and host less variation than central tree populations. The aim of this study was to perform a detailed morphometric study of J. oxycedrus L. subsp. oxycedrus in northern marginal populations in order to establish its phenotypic variation and geographical differentiation and to examine the eventual presence of putative species J. deltoides in Istria. Morphologic variation was studied in 16 northern marginal populations in Istria. Nine morphological traits from a minimum of 50 leaves from each of 206 individuals and two morphological traits from 30 to 50 seed cones in each of 103 females were measured. Phenotypic variation in Istrian populations was high and of a similar magnitude to that found in the centre of the distribution area. Gender dimorphism in leaf morphology was detected, but the study failed to confirm its uniform distribution pattern. Significant and surprisingly high among-population differentiation (8–30%) was revealed. Average leaf shape in the study area is clearly “delta-shaped” characterised by a relatively wide leaf base. However, no significant differences in any of the studied traits were found between the marginal Istrian populations and the more central populations analysed in our earlier studies.     

Parallel evolution of insular Olea europaea subspecies based on geographical structuring of plastid DNA variation and phenotypic similarity in leaf traits

Strong geographical isolation within the distribution of a species may result in differentiated lineages exhibiting conspicuous phenotypic differences. In the present paper, we investigate whether plastid and phenotypic variation is geographically structured within the Olea europaea complex in Macaronesia, which comprises three subspecies separated by oceanic barriers: maroccana (south‐west Morocco), guanchica (Canary Islands) and cerasiformis (Madeira archipelago). Plastid variation showed a significant pattern of geographical structure (N_ST > G_ST = 0.56), because of the lack of shared haplotypes among subspecies and the presence of a single and private haplotype in the eastern Canary Islands. Such a clear molecular structure, however, was not reflected in a congruent pattern of phenotypic differentiation among taxa in leaf morpho‐functional traits. Despite the substantial genetic differentiation observed between the subspecies from Madeira and the Canary Islands, they displayed both higher leaf size (leaf area) and specific leaf area (leaf surface area‐to‐mass ratio) than their continental counterparts, probably as a result of oceanic conditions in subtropical environments. Unlike most of the plant groups previously studied in the Macaronesian region, the lineages of Olea illustrate how low phenotypic differentiation can be also related to a clear molecular differentiation in oceanic island enclaves. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 162 , 54–63.     

苦豆子表型性状多样性分析及综合评价

该研究以自然分布的内蒙、宁夏、甘肃、新疆、陕西等23个不同地理来源(种源)的野生苦豆子种子及其播种于内蒙古鄂托克前旗同质园内的当年生植株为材料,采用方差分析、主成分分析、聚类分析等方法对种子长、宽、千粒重以及植株的叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶形指数、苗高、地径及生物量等10个表型性状的多样性进行了研究。结果表明:各个表型性状种源间均呈极显著差异,其中种子表型性状的变异系数为5.24%,植株表型性状的变异系数为18.34%,表明种子性状的稳定性高于植株性状。同时,10个性状的表型分化系数均高于70%,说明苦豆子表型多样性主要来源于种源间的表型变异;各种源苦豆子种子性状的表型分化系数均值高达97.55%,且种长、千粒重分别与采集地经度、纬度和海拔等环境因子呈极显著相关性,说明种子表型性状受环境因素的影响较大;相关性分析显示,苦豆子植株性状叶长(LL)、叶面积(LA)分别与种子性状千粒重(TW)、种长(SL)和种宽(SW)有显著相关性,暗示表型性状中的可遗传变异影响;利用主成分和聚类分析对23个种源苦豆子进行综合评价,筛选出生物量较大、苗高较高、千粒重较重、叶面积较大等综合表现较好的6个种源,共分为两类,分别是DK、JY、WY、WH、ETK和YN,这为苦豆子种质资源定向开发以及选育和栽培提供了一定的理论支撑和基础材料。     

Distance between south-European and south-west Asiatic refugial areas involved morphological differentiation: Pinus sylvestris case study

The phenotypic differentiation of relic P. sylvestris in southern Europe and southwestern Asia was verified using thirty-two populations sampled from the Iberian Peninsula, Massif Central, Balkan Peninsula, Crimea and Anatolia. Twenty-one morphological and anatomical needle traits and 18 cone morphological characteristics were examined to describe the population diversity and differentiation. The needle characters were not correlated to those of cone. The differences between regions were significant based on 12 needle and 9 cone characteristics, suggesting spatial isolation. The differentiation between the Iberian and Anatolian populations was the highest, which indicates the isolation by distance. The high level of morphological differentiation was also found among Iberian populations, supporting the already known complex history of the species in that region. Populations within other regions were differentiated at lower levels; however, the West Anatolian populations differed morphologically from the eastern ones. The described pattern of morphological differentiation supports the idea of the long-lasting existence of P. sylvestris in the south-European and Anatolian mountain regions. To conserve this variation, seed transfer between regions in the forest economy should be restricted.     

英德野生茶树叶片表型性状的遗传多样性分析

为了解英德野生茶树的叶片表型性状的遗传多样性及进化特点,对英德89份野生茶树资源的表型性状的变异系数、遗传多样性指数、表型分化系数进行分析。结果表明,89份资源的18项叶片性状的变异系数为12.90%~43.11%,平均27.86%;平均遗传多样性指数为1.12,表型分化系数为17.07%~45.51%,平均33.40%。聚类分析结果表明,当欧氏距离为21.5时, 所有材料可分为4大类,分类结果与地域分布有一定相关性。巢氏方差分析表明,在不同种群间和种群内,数量性状均有极显著差异。相关性分析表明,叶长与叶宽、叶面积、叶脉对数、叶长宽比、叶形呈极显著相关;叶形与叶长宽比、叶脉对数之间呈极显著相关;叶基与叶宽之间呈极显著相关;叶长宽比与叶尖、着生状态呈极显著负相关。因此,英德野生茶树资源存在丰富的遗传多样性,茶树种质资源类型原始型、进化型以及中间类型并存,但以中间类型和进化型为主。     

红松种子园种群表型多样性研究

为揭示红松（Pinus koraiensis Sieb.et Zucc.）不同种群的表型分化程度和变异规律,以吉林省露水河红松种子园6个种群红松为研究对象,采用巢式方差分析、多重比较、变异系数和聚类分析等方法对红松的叶片、球果和种子共15个表型性状进行了系统分析。结果表明：（1）红松15个表型性状在种群间和种群内均存在着极显著的差异,红松种群遗变异比较丰富,在松属植物中属于中等水平,其中纬度最低的露水河种群在其中10个表型性状均值上表现出最高值;（2）红松种群间的表型分化系数（Vst）均值为12.39%,种群内的变异（87.61%）大于种群间的变异（12.39%）,种群内的变异是主要变异来源;（3）各表型性状平均变异系数为13.28%,变幅为6.16%-31.48%,叶片、球果、种子的平均变异系数依次为：球果17.86% > 针叶11.19% > 种子9.87%,种子性状最小,成为最稳定的表型性状,带岭和丰林种群表型性状遗传多样性要高于其他种群;（4）利用欧氏平均距离对红松种群进行UPGMA聚类分析,红松种群的表型性状按照地理距离而聚类,可将红松种子园6个种群分为4类,其表型性状跟地形（东北山脉）有一定的契合。红松种群具有中等水平的表型遗传多样性,种群间和种群内均存在丰富的表型变异,研究结果为顺利开展红松种质资源收集、保存,以及良种选育等工作提供依据。