La3+对墨兰根状茎某些细胞器发育的影响

以１／２ＭＳ＋ＢＡ（１ｍｇＬ－１）＋ＮＡＡ（１ｍｇＬ－１）＋Ｌａ３＋（１０ｍｇＬ－１）培养墨兰根状茎３０ｄ后,取样观察根状茎细胞叶绿体、线粒体和细胞核的发育特点并与对照进行比较,发现：①处理组叶绿体发育较快,有较丰富的片层结构和嗜锇颗粒,而对照组的发育慢,含大型的淀粉粒,无明显的片层结构．②处理组线粒体体积较大,内含物较丰富,而对照组的较小,内含物较少。③处理组细胞核内的染色质较对照组丰富．上述结果表明,ｔａ３＋对墨兰根状茎细胞器的发育有一定的调节作用。     

牛心朴子须根的化学成分研究

从采自宁夏的萝摩科鹅绒藤属植物牛心朴子 (CynanchumkomaroviiAl.Iljinski.)须根的乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了十个非C2 1 甾体类化合物 :β D 呋喃果糖基 (2→ 1) α D [6 O 芥子酰基 ] 吡喃葡萄糖甙 (1) ,β D (3 O 芥子酰基 ) 呋喃果糖基 (2→ 1) α D [6 O 芥子酰基 ] 吡喃葡萄糖甙 (2 ) ,[6 O β D 吡喃葡萄糖基 (1→ 6 ) β D 吡喃葡萄糖基 1,2 双氧 (4 羟基 3,5 二甲氧基肉桂酰 ) (3) ,7 脱甲氧基娃儿藤碱 (4) ,9 羟基 芳樟醇 3 O β D 吡喃木糖基 (1→ 6 ) β D 吡喃葡萄糖甙 (5 ) ,(2E ,6R) 2 ,6 二甲基 2 ,7 辛二烯 1,6 二醇 (6 ) ,[(+) 丁香素 ](7) ,4′ O demethylepiyangambin(8) ,4′ 羟基 2′ 甲氧基苯乙酮 (9) ,(2S ,3S ,4R ,12E) N [2′ (R) 羟基二十二碳烷基 ] 1,3,4 三羟基 2 酰胺 二十碳烷基 12 烯 (10 )。除化合物 4和 9外 ,其余化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

慢性缺氧对大鼠肺内皮素表达的影响

本文以ＡＢＣ法和原位杂交技术,观察了慢性缺氧时大鼠肺组织内内皮素－１（ＥＴ－１）的表达情况,结果发现：①正常肺血管内皮细胞有少许ＥＴ－１样阳性染色物质呈现。②缺氧ＩＷ后,肺内ＥＴ－１含量增加,主要位于肺血管内皮细胞和支气管粘膜上皮细胞。③缺氧２Ｗ和３Ｗ后,ＥＴ１阳性免疫物质进一步增加,于肺泡细胞内也见到阳性染色。④缺氧１Ｗ后肺内ＥＴ－１ｍＲＮＡ表达增加,缺氧２Ｗ和３Ｗ后,ＥＴ－１ｍＲＮＡ的表达进一步加强。提示缺氧可刺激肺内ＥＴ－１ｍＲＮＡ的表达,慢性缺氧时肺内ＥＴ－１持续分泌增加,这可能是缺氧性肺动脉高压发生的重要因素之一。     

钙调素对细胞周期的调节

RC3细胞是一种用真核表达载体1~(CaM)转染NIH 3T3细胞建成的可调钙凋素(Calmodulin,CaM)高表达细胞模型。通过分子杂交及蛋白免疫印迹方法证实在地塞米松(Dexamethasome,DXM)作用下,RC3细胞可高表达CaM。CaM的过表达使G_1期细胞减少,S期细胞增加;CaM拮抗剂三氟拉嗪(trifluoperazine,TFP)则使G_1期细胞增加,S期细胞减少。高表达CaM使细胞分裂指数提高,G_2期细胞减少,有丝分裂前期细胞增加,M中期细胞比例下降。而TFP处理则使分裂指数下降,G_2期细胞增加,M前期细胞减少,M中期细胞增加。实验结果表明CaM在G_1/S、G_2/M和M中期/M后期3个位点上对细胞周期进行调控;通过加速G_1至S期,G_2至M期和M中期至M后期的进程,使细胞倍增时间缩短,促进细胞增殖。本工作表明,RC3细胞作为CaM表达可调细胞模型,是研究细胞周期调控的有力工具。     

金耳环精油镇痛成分的研究

从金耳环(Asarum gracilipes C S Yang,)全草中提取精油,并经柱层析分为A_1,A_2,A_3.A_4四部分。与辽细辛(A.heteropoides)精油对照。经药理实验证明。金耳环和辽细辛都有较好的中枢抑制作用,金耳环精油的A_2.A_3部分镇痛作用较好。经GC/MS/DC联用仪分析检索,在金耳环精油中鉴定出28个已知化学成分,A_2部分主要成分为:2,3-二甲基-5-甲氧基苯酚,黄樟醚和细辛醚。A_3部分主要成分为龙脑,甲基丁香酚,橙花叔醇,2,3,4.5-四甲氧基苯丙烯,茴香酸丙酯,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯。     

SPECIFIC CHANGES IN THE PANCREACTIC EXPRESSION OF THE INTERLEUKIN 1 FAMILY OF GENES DURING EXPERIMENTAL ACUTE PANCREATITIS

Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) is produced in large amounts during acute pancreatitis and is believed to play a primary role in determining pancreatitis severity and the degree of pancreatic tissue destruction. This study was undertaken to characterize intrapancreatic production of IL-1β and the remainder of the IL-1 family of genes during sterile acute pancreatitis. Moderate or severe necrotizing pancreatitis was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of a cholecystokinin analogue or the feeding of a choline deficient diet, respectively. Animals were killed during the progression of pancreatitis with severity scored by histological grading and serum amylase concentration. The expression of IL-1β, IL-1 Receptor 1 (IL-1R1), Il-1R2, IL-1R antagonist (IL-1Ra), and ICE mRNA within the pancreas was examined by quantitative differential RT-PCR. Corresponding intrapancreatic and serum proteins were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). There was constitutive expression of pancreatic IL-1R1, IL-1R2, IL-1Ra, and ICE but not IL-1β. As pancreatitis developed, mRNA for IL-1β, IL-1Ra, and ICE increased in parallel with the degree of pancreatitis severity (allP<0.001 vs baseline) while mRNA for both receptors remained stable (P=NS). Intrapancreatic and systemic IL-1β and IL-1Ra protein also increased as pancreatitis developed (bothP<0.001) with tissue levels being continuously greater than serum. This study demonstrated that sterile, endotoxin-free acute pancreatitis induces the upregulation of specific members of the IL-1 family of genes including production of large amounts of IL-1β and its receptor antagonist within the pancreatic parenchyma. These changes are indicative of pancreatitis severity and are not model dependent.     

银杏愈伤组织培养及其黄酮类化合物的测定(简报)

采用银杏胚、胚乳及3个月苗龄的苗叶为外植体,在附加不同激素的培养基上诱导出愈伤组织,从愈伤组织中提取黄酮类化合物并测定其含量。结果表明,由胚诱导的愈伤组织中黄酮类化合物含量最高。     

硬骨鱼类血红蛋白转换表达的新模式——以黄河裸裂尻鱼胚胎型血红蛋白研究为例

为了探讨高原硬骨鱼类胚胎型血红蛋白的转换表达模式, 研究利用转录组数据和克隆方法研究了黄河裸裂尻鱼(Schizopygopsis pylzovi)胚胎型血红蛋白的组成和基因结构, 并通过qRT-PCR和整胚原位杂交方法确定了胚胎发育过程中血红蛋白基因的表达情况。结果表明, 黄河裸裂尻鱼胚胎型血红蛋白基因由hbae1、hbae4、hbbe1和hbbe3组成, 均包含3个外显子和2个内含子, 其中hbbe1/hbae1以“头对头”(3′-5′—5′-3′)转录方式串联在一起, hbbe3/hbae4则以“尾对尾”(5′-3′—3-5′)的转录方式串联在一起。进一步的研究初步判断hbae3、hbae5和hbbe2基因在裂腹鱼亚科鱼类进化过程中可能发生了丢失。qRT-PCR和整胚原位杂交结果均表明在早期胚胎发育过程中4个胚胎型血红蛋白基因的表达都是从受精后第5天(120 hpf)开始明显上升, 但是hbae4和hbbe3基因的高表达只维持在受精后第5天(120 hpf)至破膜期(216 hpf), 随后急剧下降, 而hbae1和hbbe1基因表达从破膜(216 hpf)开始急剧上升。研究揭示了硬骨鱼类一种全新的血红蛋白转换表达模式, 这可能与黄河裸裂尻鱼特殊的进化历程和高原环境的适应有关, 研究结果将为进一步深入研究硬鱼类血红蛋白的时序转换表达和环境适应机制奠定基础。     

小麦残茬落叶的分解与土壤生物化学动态关系的研究

对高寒地区小麦残茬落叶在农田土壤的分解与土壤生物化学的动态关系进行了较系统的研究。结果表明：小麦残茬落叶分解的最大速率在7月(12.14×10-3g·g-1·d-1),呈单峰曲线变化。14种土壤生物化学因素对小麦残茬落叶的分解和有机物质的转化既表现出明显的季节变化规律,又具有明显的阶段性作用特征。对小麦残茬落叶分解的灰色关联序为：x1(0.914)>x4(0.880)>x3(0.855)>x12(0.852)>x14(0.802)>x2(0.799)=x11(0.799)>x8(0.788)>x10(0.775)>x9(0.760)>x13(0.709)>x5(0.700)>x7(0.694)>x6(0.657),并选择性地建立了小麦残茬落叶分解的GM(0,6)灰色预测模型：y(k)＝13.5x1(k)+23.75x4(k)-15.0x3(k)-16.5x12(k)-0.5x14(k)+5.0x2(k)-1.6     

山东汉族成人的Heath-Carter法体型研究

应用HeathCarter人体测量法对1001名（男502名,女499名）年龄在20—88岁间的山东省青州和临朐两县市的城乡汉族（以下简称山东汉族）进行了体型评定。结果是：（1）山东汉族男性的平均体型值为44—48—17（城4.6—4.7—1.5,乡4.2—4.8—1.8）,属内胚层-中胚层均衡型体型;各年龄组中以内胚层-中胚层均衡体型、偏内胚层的中胚层体型及偏中胚层的内胚层体型为主。女性的平均体型值为5.7—4.2—1.4（城5.8—4.2—1.3,乡5.6—4.2—1.4）,属偏中胚层的内胚层体型;各年龄组中以偏中胚层的内胚层体型及内胚层-中胚层均衡体型为主。（2）随着年龄的增长,男（20—44岁）女（20—54岁）性内、中因子值上升,外因子值下降。城乡男女以30岁为体型分界点,表现为30岁前后的体型差异。（3）汉族成年人体型存在显著性性别差异,但无城乡差异。（4）山东汉族男性与蒙古族及加拿大样本人群的平均体型相类似;女性平均体型介于鄂温克族、鄂伦春族、达斡尔族和蒙古族样本人群的平均体型之间。     

布氏田鼠标志种群的繁殖参数

采用标志重捕和染色观测法跟踪了内蒙古典型草原区布氏田鼠野外种群,按绝对时间年龄研究其种群繁殖参数。结果3表明：4－5月份出生的雄鼠能在当年达到性成熟,性成熟发育历期约为1．5个月,6月后出生的雄鼠当年达不到性成熟。在达到性成熟的当年雄鼠中,多数个体再度转入性休止期,其平均繁殖结束时间要林越冬雄鼠早1个月,而越冬雄鼠则在整个繁殖期保持性活动状态。雌鼠性成熟发育历期约为1个月,首次产仔时间约为2月龄。雌鼠在一年中的产仔窝数与其年龄有关;越冬鼠能产3－4窝,4月份出生的雌鼠能产2－3窝,5月份出生的雌鼠当年能产1－2窝,6月份出生的雌鼠能产0－1窝,7月份之后出生雌鼠当年不参加繁殖,在自然条件下,布氏田鼠一年中最多能产4窝。     

棕色扁海绵中的吡咯生物碱

从中国南海棕色扁海绵Phakellia fusca Schimidt的乙醇浸提物中,分离得到3个吡咯生物碱,结合理化性质,波谱分析,文献检索,确定其结构分别为4,5-二溴-1H-吡咯-2-甲酸甲酯(1)、4,5-二溴-3-氰-1H-吡咯-2-甲酸甲酯(2)、4,5-二溴-1H-吡咯-2-甲酰氨(3)。其中化合物(2)未见文献报道。     

THE UPTAKE OF BIOGENIC MONOAMINES BY THE ISOLATED AURICLE OF THE SNAIL (HELIX POMATIA)

—The uptake of [³H]5HT, [³H]dopamine, [³H]noradrenaline and [³H]octopamine into the auricle of Helix pomatia was studied. When tissues were incubated at 25°C in media containing radioactive amines, tissue:medium ratios of about 49:1, 14:1 and 5:1 for 5-HT, dopamine, noradrenaline, and octopamine respectively were obtained after a 20–30 min incubation time. Tissues incubated at 25°C in media containing radioactive amines for 20–30 mins showed that almost all (96%) the radioactivity was present as unchanged [³H]5-HT, [³H]dopamine, [³H]octopamine or [³H]noradrenaline. The high tissue:medium ratios for 5-HT and dopamine, but not for noradrenaline and octopamine, showed saturation kinetics which were dependent upon temperature and sodium ions. From the Lineweaver–Burk plots, two uptake mechanisms for 5-HT at 25°C were resolved; the high affinity uptake process having a K_m1 value of 6.0 ± 10^?8m and a V_m1 value of 0.115 nmol/g/min while the lower affinity process had a K_m2 value of 1.04 ± 10^?6m and a V_m2 value of 0.66nmol/g/min. At 0°C a single uptake mechanism for 5-HT occurred which gave a K_m value of 5.02 ± 10^?8m and a V_m value of 0.0165 nmol/g/min. In the case of dopamine, the Lineweaver–Burk plot at 25°C showed a single uptake process with values for K_m and V_m of 1.55 ± 10^?7m and 0.086 nmol/g/min respectively. This process did not function at 0°C. The effect of various agents and ions upon the accumulation processes for all amines was also studied, and the data indicate that the same neurons probably accumulate more than one amine type. It is concluded that 5-HT and dopamine uptake in the auricle is a mechanism for inactivating these substances at 25°C and that an uptake mechanism for 5-HT also functions at 0°C. The results are discussed from the point of view of 5-HT's being the cardioexcitatory substance in the snail heart.     

ON THE RESTING STAGES OF THE JB-1 ASCITES TUMOUR

Cytophotometric determination of single-cell DNA after repeated ³H-thymidine labelling of the JB-1 ascites tumour in the plateau phase of growth showed a massive accumulation of unlabelled cells with both G₁ and G₂ content. Autoradiography combined with cytophotometry or colcemid block demonstrated that some of these unlabelled cells were rapidly triggered into the cell cycle when plateau tumours were transferred to new hosts. This indicated that tumour cells may be held up in non-cycling stages corresponding to both the G₁ and the G₂ phase of the cell cycle.     

松辽盆地上白垩统嫩江组一段介形类生物地层研究

在对杏104井,杏1—丁3—检323井和塔3井等3口优选井的介形类化石鉴定的基础上,通过对3口优选井涉及研究层位的87块介形类化石样品进行统计分析和编制介形类主要种的地层分布延限图、开展介形类生物地层学研究,建立松辽盆地晚白垩世嫩江组一段介形类化石带7个,包括新建介形类化石带1个,修订介形类化石带1个,并详细描述这7个介形类化石带。     

中国东北部贝加尔针茅(Stipa baicalensis)草原生产量与生态因素的关系及其预测模型

 本文报道了贝加尔针茅(Stipa baicalensis)草原生产量与主要生态因素积温、降水和土壤有机质含量的关系。讨论了这些生态因素及其交互作用对草原生产量的影响。采用二次正交旋转回归设计和双重组合设计方法建立了贝加尔针茅草原生产量的预测模型,经对该模型的检验表明,所建模型可以在草原畜牧业生产中广泛应用．     

嗜碱放线菌YIM-80147次生代谢产物的化学成分研究

对嗜碱放线菌YIM-80147的发酵产物进行化学成分的研究,从中分离得到6个化合物。根据光谱数据的分析,鉴定其结构分别为P371A2(1),4-hydroxymethyl-3-(i-hydroxy-6-methyl-heptyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one(2),nonactic acid(3),homononactinic acid(4),对羟基肉桂酸(5),阿魏酸(6)。     

番荔枝科的地理分布

番荔枝科的地理分布陈伟球（中国科学院华南植物研究所,广州５１０６５０）关键词番荔枝科;地理分布ＴＨＥＧＥＯＧＲＡＰＨＩＣＡＬＤＩＳＴＲＩＢＵＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＨＥＡＮＮＯＮＡＣＥＡＥ￥ＣｈｅｎＷｅｉｃｈｉｕ（ＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＢｏ...     

苦参黄酮类成分的研究

苦参(Sphora flavescens Ait)为豆科槐属植物,根入药,具有清热、燥湿、杀虫之功效。近年来国内外对苦参的研究较为重视。我们对苦参的化学成分进行了系统的研究,从苦参总黄酮中分离出8种黄酮类化合物:高丽槐素(maackiain,1)、4-甲氧基高丽槐素(4-methoxy-maackiain,2)、三叶豆紫檀甙(trifolirhizin,3)、降脱水淫羊藿素(nor-anhydroicaritin,4)、异苦参酮(isokurarinone,5)、槐属二氢黄酮 B(sopho-raflavanone B,6)、降苦参酮(nor-kurarinone,7)和芒柄花素(formoronetin,8)。化合物1、2和6是首次从苦参中得到的。本文报道苦参黄酮类化合物的研究。     

THE INABILITY OF THE TEXAS “BROWN TIDE” ALGA TO USE NITRATE AND THE ROLE OF NITROGEN IN THE INITIATION OF A PERSISTENT BLOOM OF THIS ORGANISM1

A planktonic alga similar in general morphology and pigments to Aureococcus anophagefferens Hargraves and Sieburth has caused persistent and ecologically damaging blooms along the south Texas coast. Experiments using 100 μM NO₃^?, NO₂^?, and NH₄⁺ demonstrated that the alga could not use NO₃^? for growth but could use NO₂^? and NH₄⁺. Doubling iron or trace metal concentrations did not permit growth on NO₃^?. Chemical composition data for cultures grown in excess NO₃^? or NH₄⁺, respectively, were as follows: N·cell^?1 (0.88 vs. 1.3 pg), C:N ratio (25:1 vs. 6.4:1), C:chlorophyll a (chl a) (560:1 vs. 44:1), and chl a·cell^?1 (0.033 vs. 0.16 pg). These data imply that cells supplied with NO₃^? were N-starved. Culture addition of 10 mM final concentration chlorate (a nitrate analog) did not affect the Texas isolate while NO₃^? utilizing A. anophagefferens was lysed, suggesting that the NO₃^? reductase of the Texas isolate is nonfunctional. Rates of primary productivity determined during a dense bloom indicated that light-saturated growth rates were ca. 0.45 d^?1, which is similar to maximum rates determined in laboratory experiments (0.58 d^?1± 0.16). However, chemical composition data were consistent with the growth rate of these cells being limited by N availability (C:N 28, C:chl a 176, chl a·cell^?1 0.019). Calculations based on a mass balance for nitrogen suggest that the bloom was triggered by an input of ca. 69 μM NH₄⁺ that resulted from an extensive die-off of benthos and fish.