UTILIZATION OF HAND-HELD PROGRAMMABLE CALCULATORS FOR RAPID BEDSIDE COMPUTATION OF PHYSIOLOGIC-PHARMACOLOGIC VARIABLES AND PROGNOSTIC INDICES DURING MECHANICAL CIRCULATORY SUPPORT

This study describes five programs that may be used on compact, low-cost programmable calculators with adequate memory and sufficient numbers of program steps to compute cardiorespiratory variables. These short programs are especially useful in the operating room and at the bedside.     

CLODRONATE LIPOSOMES: PERSPECTIVES IN RESEARCH AND THERAPEUTICS

ABSTRACT

Liposomes encapsulating the bisphosphonate clodronate can be used for the transient suppression of macrophage functions. Given the important role of macrophages in various disorders, the application of clodronate liposomes has been studied in several models of rheumatoid arthritis, neurological disorders such as experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and spinal cord injury, autoantibody mediated disorders such as immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and for the improvement of the efficacy of gene transfer and drug targeting.     

ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION: CONTEMPORARY SUNNI MUSLIM LEGAL AND ETHICAL PERSPECTIVES

The problems that organ transplantation poses to the Muslim mind may be summarized as follows: firstly, a muslim believes that whatever he owns or possesses has been given to him as an amānah (trust) from Alla¯h. Would it not be a breach of trust to give consent for the removal of parts of one's body, while still alive, for transplantation to benefit one's child, sibling or parent? Secondly, the Sharā'ah (Islamic Law) emphasizes the sacredness of the human body. Would it not then be an act of aggression against the human body, tantamount to its mutilation, if organs were to be removed after death for the purpose of transplantation? In this paper I attempt to illustrate how the Muslim jurists have tried to resolve the dilemma of Muslims by providing them with certain guidlines based on the original sources of Islam, namely, the Qur'n and the Prophetic tradition. In order to assist the followers of other religious traditions to grasp the gravity of the problem posed by organ transplantation to the Muslim mind, I begin by discussing the opinions of Muslim jurists on the issue of utilization of human parts. Thereafter, I touch upon the resolutions taken by the various Islamic Juridical Academies on the issue in question. Finally, I shed light upon the inclusion of organ donation in a Muslim Will and the enforceable nature of such a will     

AMPHOTERIC BEHAVIOR OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS : IV. NOTE ON THE ISOELECTRIC POINT AND IONIZATION CONSTANTS OF SULFANILIC ACID.

From the solubility minimum the value of the basic ionization constant of sulfanilic acid is shown to lie probably between the values 1.7 x 10^–15 and 3.2 x 10^–15. From solubility measurements the value of this same constant is shown to lie probably between 2.0 and 2.2 x 10^–15, and the isoelectric point of sulfanilic acid is thus at a cH of 0.056 or a pH of 1.25. From conductivity ratios the acid ionization constant of sulfanilic acid is shown to be 7.05 x 10^–4 at room temperature (21°C.). Calculations are made, from data published in preceding papers, of the ionization constants of glycine, K_a being 2.3 x 10^–10, and K_b being 2.2 x 10^–12.     

作为地下过程的土壤呼吸：我们理解了多少？

地下生态过程显著地影响着陆地生态系统的碳循环。植物光合作用固定的碳有35％～80％分配到地下（Ryan et al．,2004）,10％以枯枝落叶的形式进入土壤（Raich＆Nadelhoffer,1989）;储存在枯枝落叶和土壤中的碳占生态系统碳储量的30％～90％（Dixon,1994）。因此,地下碳储量的变化对陆地生态系统的碳储存和碳释放起着关键作用。     

鱼用核酸疫苗研究进展

近几十年,传染性疾病的暴发给世界鱼类与贝类养殖造成约10%的产量损失。防治寄生虫和传染性病原的化学药剂和抗生素的使用往往会导致药物残留和耐药性的产生,甚至污染水环境;对于病毒病目前尚无有效的防治药物,免疫接种是预防水产动物疾病发生的有效途径。