一株高效脱酚菌芽糖假丝酵母10—4的研究

从炼油厂严重污染的污水和土壤中分离筛选到１２株假丝酵母及丝孢酵母,能以苯酚为唯一碳源生长,２８－４０ｈ内降解苯酚可达１２００ｍｇ／Ｌ以上。其中１０－４号菌株降解苯酚浓度最高可达１７００ｍｇ／Ｌ。在含５００ｍｇ／Ｌ苯酚及２０ｍｇ／ＬＣＮ＾－培养液中,降解苯酚的同时能降解１３．７ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＣＮ＾－。     

芽孢杆菌M_(50)产生β甘露聚糖酶的条件研究

从土壤中分离到９ 株产生β甘露聚糖酶的芽孢杆菌（ Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｐ ．） 。Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓｓｐ ． Ｍ５０２５０ｍ Ｌ三角瓶摇瓶培养试验,以４ ％ 的魔芋粉为碳源,１－０ ％ （ ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４ 为氮源,０－３５ ％Ｎａ２ＣＯ３ ,３０ ～３４ ℃培养６０ｈ 产酶达到高峰。酶活力为１８０ ～２００ｕ／ｍ Ｌ。１００Ｌ 罐发酵,在３０ ～３２ ℃,１∶０ ．７５ｖｖｍ 通气量,２００ｒ／ｍｉｎ 条件下,发酵液酶活力高达３３０ｕ／ｍ Ｌ。酶的最适反应温度和ｐＨ 分别为５０ ℃和６－０ ,低于５０ ℃,ｐＨ５ ．０ ～７ ．０ 酶稳定。Ｆｅ^３＋ 、Ａｌ^３＋ 、ＥＤＴＡ、Ｈｇ^２＋ 对酶有抑制作用,而Ｂａ^２＋ 、Ｍｎ^２＋ 对酶有激活作用。发酵粗酶液对苎麻精干麻精练,显示对精干麻的半纤维素残胶具有降解作用。     

单甲脒降解菌的分离筛选

从土壤、水体和受单甲脒长期污染的样品中通过富集培养,从中分离筛选到一株单甲脒耐性较高的ＤＲ－８菌株。该菌株在牛肉汁培养基中对单甲脒的耐性可达１２５０ｍｇ／Ｌ,而在无机盐培养基中的耐性则为５００ｍｇ／Ｌ。该菌株可以利用单甲脒作为唯一氮源,但是不能以单甲脒作为碳源和能源而生长。降解单甲脒的最适温度为３７℃,最适ｐＨ为７．０,其完整细胞悬液对５５０ｍｇ／Ｌ左右单甲脒的降解率最高可达６４．８２％。经鉴定该菌株为门多萨假单胞菌（ＰｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｍｅｎｄｏｃｉｎａＤＲ－８）。     

一株产虾青素的黄杆菌CF-60的研究

从土壤中分离到一株黄杆菌（Ｆｌａｖｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍｓｐｐ）Ｃ_Ｆ－６０,该菌的生长需Ｍｇ^２＋存在,ＭｇＳＯ_４·７Ｈ_２Ｏ的最适浓度为０．２％;蛋白胨是该菌株生长的最好氮源,它不能利用无机氮。种龄超过９６ｈ的菌体不能在新鲜培养基中生长。经５４ｈ的２Ｌ恒化器发酵,生物量达６．８ｇ／Ｌ,色素产量为１０．６ｍｇ／Ｌ。该菌产生的类胡萝卜素成分简单,主要成分的含量为９０．３％,该成分经初步鉴定是分子结构中含有羰基和羟     

苯酚降解菌的筛选及其降解特性的初步研究

从某印染厂下水道的污泥中分离到一株能高效降解苯酚的菌株ph₁₆,经初步鉴定为微球菌属 (Micrococcussp )。该菌株最高可耐受 1.5g L左右的苯酚 ,对苯酚降解最适条件为pH7.0 ,温度 35℃ ,苯酚浓度为1.0g/L ,时间为 36h,降解率可达 99.6 %。试验还表明Hg⁺ 、Co²⁺ 、Ag²⁺ 等重金属离子对该菌株降解苯酚能力有不同程度的抑制作用。并对其降解动力学作了初步探讨。     

一株利用苯胺的细菌的分离筛选

从活性污泥中分离到一株能以苯胺为唯一氮源生长同时降解苯胺的细菌C7,经鉴定为芽抱杆菌（Bacillussp．C7）。该菌株最高可以降解500mg／L的苯胺,所需时间为9～12d,降解苯胺的最适pH和温度分别为8．0和30℃,最适苯胺浓度为400mg／L,在此条件下苯胺的降解率可达96．8％。试验结果表明,重金属离子对C7菌株苯胶的降解都有不同程度的抑制作用,以Hg²⁺、Ag⁺和Co²⁺最明显,结果还表明硫酸铵对苯胺的降解也有抑     

降解三硝基甲苯的酵母和类酵母菌的研究

从受三硝基甲苯（TNT）严重污染的土壤和废水中分离筛选到17株可降解TNT的酵母菌和白地霉。其中6株为克鲁斯假丝酵母（Candidakrusei）,4株为橡树假丝酵母（C.quercitrusa）,一株为无名假丝酵母（C.famata）,一株为伯杰汉逊酵母（Hansenulabeijerinckii）,一株为亚膜汉逊酵母（H.subpelliculosa）,4株为白地霉（Geotrichumcandidum）。对其中6株菌进行了降解TNT的条件实验,发现降解TNT的适宜pH为7,温度为37～40℃。在含75～80mg／LTNT的培养基中,40h内能降解TNT56～74mg／L,去除率达71％～93％。在培养基中加入0．01％～0．05％的葡萄糖作碳源,或加入0.01％～0．1％的酵母膏对6株菌降解TNT的能力略有促进作用。加入铵盐作为氮源则明显抑制这些菌对TNT的降解。     

新的热带假丝酵母载体-宿主系统的建立

热带假丝酵母(Candida tropicalis)是一种可以利用多种非糖碳源代谢的微生物,在石油发酵、石油化工生产领域已得到长期应用^[1]。随着分子生物学研究技术的发展。通过代谢工程技术改变热带假丝酵母的代谢途径和流向．发展出能够把石油中的烃类物质发酵转化成各种重要化工原料、中间体的新型生产菌株,已普遍受到国内外研究机构的重视。另一方面,热带假丝酵母具有细胞生长密度高,分泌蛋白能力强等特点,可以发展成一个重要的异源蛋白表达体系。建立稳定高效的热带假丝酵母载体一宿主系统是实现上述构想的前提和关键。迄今为止,在热带假丝酵母细胞内尚未发现能游离于染色体外自主复制的天然质粒存在。目前已有20余种热带假丝酵母基因被克隆和鉴定。大部分与热带假丝酵母的氧化代谢过程有关,其中5个过氧物酶体蛋白基因的结构和2个细胞色素P450系统基因的表达调控规律巳被阐明^[2-5],与DNA复制过程有关的基因或功能序列均未见报道。本文研究和探索Candida属其他微生物基因元件在热带假酵母中的功能作用,选用热带假丝酵母细胞色素P450单加氧酶基因的启动子和侧翼调控序列^[3],构建了一套新的热带假丝酵母载体一宿主系统,并成功地表达了小鼠CYPlAl基因。     

2-酮-L-古龙酸还原酶分离纯化及其理化、酶学性质的研究

从发酵Ｌ山梨糖的Ｇｌｕｃｏｎｏｂａｃｔｅｒｏｘｙｄａｎｓ和Ｂａｃｉｌｕｓｍｅｇａｔｅｒｉｕｍ２９８０混和菌株的无细胞抽提液中分离到了２酮Ｌ古龙酸还原酶（ＫＧＲ）,测得其分子量为９０ｋＤａ。动力学性质研究表明它为一个典型的ＭｉｃｈａｅｌｉｓＭｅｎｔｅｎ氏酶,对２-酮-Ｌ-古龙酸作用的Ｋ_ｍ值为３.４２×１０^－３ｍｏｌ,最适作用ｐＨ为６.５,最适作用温度为３０℃。２-酮-Ｌ-古龙酸还原酶的合成不受Ｌ-山梨糖和２-酮-Ｌ-古龙酸的诱导,故推测２-酮-Ｌ-古龙酸还原酶是Ｇｌｕｃｏｎｏｂａｃｔｅｒｏｘｙｄａｎｓ的一个组成酶。     

克鲁斯假丝酵母及其近似种的脉冲电泳核型分析

用钳位均匀电场脉冲电泳(CHEF)系统分析了克鲁斯假丝酵母(Candida krusei),郎比可假丝酵母(C. lambica)和粗状假丝酵母(C. valiad)的模式菌株的电泳核型,发现这三种表型相似的假丝酵母却具有互不相同的染色体DNA分子带型,为其分类学研究提供了可靠的鉴别依据。在常规分类学研究的基础上,测定了AS 2.75(原定种名为(C. incospicua),AS2.1182(原定种名为 C. lambica)和AS 2.1772(未定种)等三株假丝酵母的G+C含量和脉冲电泳核型。通过对已报道的C. inconspicu的G+C含量及上述三种假丝酵母模式菌株的脉冲电泳核型的比较分析证明,AS 2.75和AS 2.1772为粗状假丝酵母(C. valida),AS 2.1182为克鲁斯假丝酵母(C. krusei)。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.