5-脂氧合酶在中枢神经系统的作用

5－脂氧合酶（5LO）是机体催化花生四烯酸生成生物活性分子白三烯的关键酶,中枢神经系统神经元有5LO的显著表达,海马和小脑表达水平最高。5LO在体外神经元发育、老化及多种脑损伤过程中表达增高。5LO可能通过酶和非酶功能在中枢神经系统的生理和病理机制中发挥作用。糖皮质激素、褪黑素等参与5LO的转录调节。     

植物脂氧合酶研究进展

脂氧合酶（简称LOX）是广泛分布的含有非血红素离子的双加氧酶,它是植物十八碳酸代谢途径的关键酶．该途径也称LOX途径。因为该酶作用的产物在植物的生长发育过程中以及在植物对环境胁迫反应中起着重要的作用,因此一直是人们研究的热点。目前对于植物脂氧舍酶的研究主要集中在脂氧合酶基因的表达调控、LOX途径的生化研究以及代谢产物的生理功能这几个方面。     

5-脂氧合酶及其抑制剂

5-脂氧合酶（5-lipoxygenase, 5-LOX）是生物体内一种重要的双加氧酶.5-LOX是催化花生四烯酸（arachidonic acid,AA）生成白三烯类（leukotrienes, LTs）的关键酶. LTs是重要的炎症介质,并且在许多疾病中发挥着重要作用.近年来,很多学者致力于5 LOX的研究,从而为5-LOX抑制剂的研发提供理论依据.本文对5-LOX的分子结构、细胞内定位、表达与活性调控及其抑制剂的研究进展进行综述.     

接种枯萎病菌对甜瓜脂氧合酶活性及基因表达的影响

本文研究薄皮甜瓜脂氧合酶(lipoxygenase,LOXs)及其基因家族成员(Cm LOXs)在接种枯萎病后的响应。以薄皮甜瓜‘玉美人’幼苗为试材,"三叶一心"时,灌根法接种枯萎病菌-尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.melonis),在接种后不同时间测定了幼苗电解质渗透率、根系活力、LOX活性及Cm LOXs基因相对表达量。接种枯萎病菌后甜瓜叶片中有13个CmLOXs基因在接种枯萎病菌后上调表达。其中除Cm LOX02和Cm LOX11在第3天显著升高外,其他11个基因(Cm LOX03、CmLOX07~10、Cm LOX12~17)均在第5天时相对表达量达到最大值。甜瓜根部有5个Cm LOXs基因上调表达,其中Cm LOX03、Cm LOX16和Cm LOX17在处理1 d后有显著升高,Cm LOX05和Cm LOX06在接种3 d时与对照有显著差异。薄皮甜瓜幼苗在接种枯萎病菌时,根系活力显著下降,电解质渗透率升高,叶片和根中LOX活性升高,叶片和根中分别有13个和5个Cm LOXs成员上调表达,但响应时间不同,这些结果表明Cm LOXs可能参与防御反应,本研究为后续通过转基因技术研究其在生物胁迫中的作用奠定基础。     

脂氧合酶在诱导红豆杉细胞产紫杉醇中的作用

对红豆杉悬浮培养细胞中脂氧合酶(LOX)在诱导子诱导紫杉醇合成中的作用进行了探讨。结果表明真菌诱导子处理可提高细胞内LOX的活性和紫杉醇的产量,而诱导前用LOX抑制剂菲尼酮处理,可完全抑制诱导子对LOX活性和紫杉醇合成的诱导作用。说明LOX途径可能参与了紫杉醇的合成过程。外加茉莉酸甲酯也可激活LOX活性和紫杉醇合成,诱导前用菲尼酮处理可抑制诱导子诱导的LOX活性和紫杉醇合成,说明外源茉莉酸甲酯可能是通过激活细胞内LOX途径而启动下游紫杉醇的合成。为了进一步研究脂氧合酶在紫杉醇合成中的作用。我们还对红豆杉细胞脂氧合酶的分布和分子量等性质进行了研究。     

5-脂氧合酶抑制剂的研究进展

脂氧合酶是一种含铁的氧化还原酶，存在于动植物的组织和细胞中。脂氧合酶主要分为1、3、5、8、12、15-脂氧合酶6种亚型。5-脂氧合酶(5-lipoxygenase,5-LOX)是LOX同工酶中研究较为深入的非血红素铁蛋白氧化代谢酶，是许多高活性氧化脂质生物合成中的关键酶，参与多种炎症性疾病，如炎症、哮喘、脑缺血、部分恶性肿瘤及阿尔茨海默症等疾病的发生和发展过程。因此，开发有效的5-LOX抑制剂对治疗上述疾病至关重要。本文介绍了5-LOX抑制剂的研究成果，并对其分类、来源、治疗药效和优缺点进行了讨论，为深入研发创新型5-LOX抑制剂提供理论依据。     

干旱胁迫下磷脂酶Dδ和9-脂氧合酶对拟南芥茉莉酸合成及种子萌发的影响

以拟南芥哥伦比亚野生型(WT)、磷脂酶Dδ(PLDδ)缺失型突变体pldδ和9-脂氧合酶(9-LOX)缺失型突变体lox1、lox5实生苗为材料,以0.3 mol·L-1甘露醇模拟干旱胁迫,分析PLDδ和9-LOX参与干旱胁迫下拟南芥茉莉酸(JA)生物合成和在种子萌发中作用。结果表明:干旱胁迫显著提高PLDδ和LOX1基因表达以及PLD和LOX酶活性;干旱胁迫下,pldδ突变体幼苗的LOX活性和JA含量显著低于WT,外源添加磷脂酸(PA)后LOX活性和JA含量显著上升,并高于WT;干旱胁迫显著抑制pldδ、lox1和lox5突变体的种子萌发,以对lox1的抑制效果最为明显;干旱胁迫下PLD活性上升与PLDδ基因表达上调有关,LOX活性上升与LOX1和LOX5基因表达上调有关,其中LOX1基因起主要作用;PLDδ/PA位于9-LOX上游参与9-LOX诱导的JA合成过程;PLDδ、LOX1和LOX5基因均参与干旱胁迫下拟南芥的种子萌发,LOX1在此过程中作用最为明显;PLDδ和9-LOX均参与PA和JA介导的种子萌发过程。     

植物脂肪氧化酶的研究进展

植物脂肪氧化酶(LOX)是一个多基因家族, 是由单一的多肽链组成的含有非血红素铁、不含硫的过氧化物酶。LOX催化具有顺, 顺-1, 4-戊二烯结构的多元不饱和脂肪酸的双加氧反应。植物中, 不同脂肪氧化酶的最适pH、pI、底物和产物特异性、时空表达特性、亚细胞定位等存在差异。LOX参与的生理过程涉及损伤、病原攻击、种子萌芽、果实熟化、植物衰老、脱落酸和茉莉酸合成, LOX也在正常的植物生长和生殖生长过程中作为营养储藏蛋白, 参与脂类迁移、响应营养胁迫、调节“源”与“库”的分配。对LOX家族的深入理解,将有助于LOX在作物新品种的选育、新型植保素的开发、食品加工等方面得到广泛的应用。     

茉莉酸甲酯对烟草愈伤组织一些活性氧生成和相关酶活性的影响

烟草愈伤组织用茉莉酸甲酯(MJ, 1mgml-1)处理;同时将愈伤组织在含AIP(0.1mmol/L,水杨酸合成抑制剂)和/或AOA(1mmol/L,乙烯合成抑制剂)的MS培养基上进行暗培养,测定在活性氧产生和脂质过氧化中起作用的相关酶活性及一些代谢物的含量。结果表明,茉莉酸甲酯能激活超氧阴离子的产生,提高脂氧合酶同工酶1(LOX1)的活性从而启动脂质过氧化,对脂氧合酶同工酶3(LOX3)没有明显影响;降低过氧化氢(H2O2)的含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)等保护酶的活性,减少了膜脂过氧化中有毒物质丙二醛(MDA)的含量。AIP和AOA都对MJ的作用有不同程度的影响。MJ调节超氧阴离子和过氧化氢生成以及相关酶活性是通过不同的信号转导途径,MJ调节超氧阴离子和MDA生成、SOD和APX活性很可能是通过乙烯起作用,且对MDA生成和APX活性的调节可能通过水杨酸起作用;MJ直接调节LOX1活性,但对LOX3活性没有明显作用。     

金鱼草脂氧合酶基因AmLOX1的克隆及表达分析

脂氧合酶(lipoxygenase,LOX)是茉莉酸信号途径的关键酶。该研究克隆了金鱼草的LOX基因,命名为AmLOX1。AmLOX1基因的开放阅读框为2 649 bp,编码883个氨基酸。AmLOX1蛋白质的理论等电点为p H6.06,相对分子质量为100.52 k Da。AmLOX1与其他植物的LOX基因均有较高的同源性。实时荧光定量PCR表达分析发现,AmLOX1在金鱼草花中表达量显著高于根茎叶;在花器官中,下瓣的相对表达量最高;在花不同发育阶段中,衰败期的花AmLOX1的相对表达量最高。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.