Clevelandodendron ohioensis,gen. et sp. nov., a slender upright lycopsid from the late Devonian Cleveland Shale of Ohio

Clevelandodendron ohioensis Chitaley & Pigg gen. et sp. nov. is an almost entire lycopsid plant known from a single compressed specimen from the Cleveland Shale member of the Upper Devonian Ohio Shale. This unique specimen is 125 cm long, consisting of an unbranched, slender, monopodial axis with a partially preserved plant base bearing thick appendages at one end, and a compact, terminal ovoid bisporangiate strobilus at the other. The stem is 2 cm wide for most of its length. Visible on the decorticated stem surface are helically arranged, elongate leaf traces and laterally compressed, slender leaves along the stem margin. The plant base bears 4-6 thick appendages. The terminal strobilus is compact, ovoid, 9 cm long and up to 6 cm wide, morphologically similar to those of some Lepidodendrales, and bears helically arranged sporophyll/sporangium complexes with narrow bases and distal laminae up to 18 mm long, turned upward. Megaspores are 320-360 μm, trilete and laevigate, lacking a gula; microspores are 30-42 μm, trilete, indistinctly punctate and possibly assignable to Calamospora or Punctatisporites. Clevelandodendron demonstrates that slender unbranched lycopsids with an isoetalean plant habit similar to the Carboniferous genera Chaloneria and Sporangiostrobus and Triassic Pleuromeia-like forms were present as early as the Late Devonian. The early occurrence of this unique habit suggests that diversification within the isoetalean clade sensu Rothwell and Erwin (including both Isoetales and Lepidodendrales) was well established prior to the Carboniferous.     

Fungi in the lebanon sewage treatment plants and in Turtle Creek,Warren Co., Ohio

Using a variety of isolation techniques in agar and liquid media culture, 101 species of filamentous fungi and yeasts were isolated from samples of materials from Turtle Creek, Warren Co., Ohio, and 100 species of fungi were isolated from materials from secondary and tertiary treatment processes in the Lebanon, Warren Co., Ohio, sewage treatment plant. The combined list of fungi from the two types of materials numbered 142 species. Based on such habitat factors as content of total organic carbon, and organic nitrogen, the distribution of these fungi was discussed especially in relation to seven sampling points in the secondary-type treatment system, eight in the tertiary-type treatment systems, and five sampling points along Turtle Creek, two above the outfall from the Lebanon sewage treatment plant, one at the outfall, and two below that outfall. It is concluded that, as in the cases of Lytle Creek, Clinton Co., Ohio.; the Bear River in the Cache Valley, Utah and Idaho; and the Cache la Poudre River, Colorado, a group of fungi made up of many of the same species is adaptable to the conditions resulting from organic enrichment of streams resulting from sewage or industrial waste additives to the streams. These organisms contribute to the removal of this polluting organic matter. At least monthly sampling from any group of stations is needed to describe the populations more accurately and more meaningfully.

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Zusammenfassung Mittels verschiedener Isolierungsmethoden in festen und flüssigen Kulturnährboden sind 101 Arten von Fadenpilzen und Hefen isoliert worden vom Materialproben von Turtl: Creek Warren Co., Ohio und 100 Arten von Pilzen vom Material des sekundären und tertiären Behandlungsprozesses des Abwasserbehandlungswerkes von Lebanon, Warren Co., Ohio. Die vereinigte Liste von beiden Arten des Materials umfaßte 142 Arten. Mindestens sind monatliche Proben notwendig, um die Pilzarten genauer und bedeutungsvoller zu beschreiben.

     

Analysis of the Ft. Laurens, Ohio, skeletal sample

This report describes the analysis of the Colonial Period (1779) skeletal sample (N = 21) from Ft. Laurens, Ohio. The determination of age, sex, and ancestry reveals a relatively young sample (mean = 23.5 years) of males of northern European ancestry. Morphometric analysis shows little difference in cranial and postcranial size and shape measures between this sample and a modern sample of Euro-Americans and previously described Colonial to Civil War samples. The analysis of skeletal pathologies indicates that the individuals in the Ft. Laurens sample were active and subject to at least moderate amounts of stress. Dental pathologies were frequent, with a caries incidence higher than would be expected for a Euro-American Colonial period sample. Numerous traumatic pathologies, in the form of cut and hack marks, are present in this sample. These marks were expected, since historical records indicate a violent death and scalping for virtually all individuals lost at Ft. Laurens. The results of the various analyses are interpreted in light of available historical information. In most cases the results are consistent with historically based expectations.     

Heterotrissocladius boltoni sp.n., a new orthoclad from vernal pools and streams in Ohio,U.S.A. (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Heterotrissocladius boltoni sp.n. from Ohio, U.S.A., is described in both sexes and all stages. The species belongs in themarcidus group and is found in temporary streams and pools