综合设计性实验在医学微生物实验教学中的应用

在医学微生物实验教学中选择合适的时机、安排合理的实验内容来开展综合设计性实验有效的调动了学生的学习积极性、培养了学生的临床思维能力,为培养新型医学人才奠定了基础.     

PBL (Problem-based learning)教学模式在微生物 制药设计性实验教学中的应用

微生物制药设计性实验是提高学生专业技能和培养创新能力的一种重要途径.为提高教学质量,我们在设计性实验教学中开展了基于问题的学习(PBL)教学模式.PBL教学模式的引入显著地提高了学生的学习积极性,锻炼了学生分析和解决问题的能力,增强了沟通和交流能力.本文报道PBL教学模式在微生物制药设计性实验中的实施情况,并对实施过程中出现的一些问题进行分析和探讨.     

少数民族医学生医学微生物学实验教学的改革与实践——以酸奶制备为例

医学微生物学实验教学中基本操作是双基训练的重要部分,学生对实验技术的掌握程度决定了实验教学的成败。通过酸奶制备的一系列实验过程,把实验内容由验证性改变为设计性,激发了学生的学习兴趣,动手能力提高,实验教学效果良好。     

凸显创新能力培养的免疫学实验教学体系的探索

为提高医学免疫学实验教学质量,培养学生创新能力,对本校2015级、2016级及2017级5年制临床医学专业医学免疫学实验教学课程进行了改革和探索。在基础验证性实验的基础上,开展了综合设计性实验,并试行了探索性创新性实验及开放性科研性实验。通过改革使学生成为教学过程的主体,充分激发学生的学习热情,不仅培养了学生的动手能力,更提高了他们交流合作及分析和解决问题的能力,从而推进了学生创新能力的培养。     

以成果为导向临床样本病原微生物检测虚拟仿真实验的设计与实践

为使医学微生物学实验教学与医学人才培养挂钩,尝试引入成果导向教育理念,指导综合性实验项目“临床样本病原微生物检测虚拟仿真实验”建设。围绕学习主体从三方面进行：明确实验教学目标,制定实验项目的预期学习产出;优化实验教学设计,实现预期学习产出;建立形成性考核评价体系,评定学习产出,促进持续改进。实践表明,此教学模式能够夯实医学生的专业知识与技能,激发学生自主学习及科研创新的积极性,提升医学人文精神及职业素养,为培养具有综合实践能力和人文素养的优质医学生提供助力。     

创新性综合实验在食品科学专业人才培养中应用

以培养学生综合素质为指导思想,针对传统实验教学中的不足,在食品微生物实验中建立新的实验教学体系,验证性实验改为连续综合性实验,逐步引入创新设计性实验。微生物学实验改革使学生的综合能力得到了良好的训练,同时提供了实践的平台,学生可以将自己的创意通过创新性综合实验付诸实施,培养了创新意识和综合实验能力,收到良好的教学效果。     

食品微生物检验实验教学模式的实践与探讨

全面阐述食品微生物检验教学中基础性实验、综合性实验、设计性实验及教学实习等各层次教学方法,并且重点讨论了设计性实验教学中所遇到的问题.通过介绍设计性实验教学的各种经验,对设计性实验教学中遇到的难题提出了解决方法和思路.     

医学微生物学实验教学改革的探索与实践

以麻醉学专业学生为研究对象,进行了传统实验教学与新实验教学模式的对比研究。新实验教学模式围绕如何在实验教学中培养学生的创新能力,从实验教学计划、教学内容、教学方法和手段、实验考核方法进行了改革和探索,增设了综合性与探索设计性实验,研制了实验多媒体课件。结果显示新实验教学模式有利于培养学生的动手能力、科研思维、创新能力以及综合分析能力,教学效果优于传统实验教学。创建了适合于培养麻醉学专业的医学微生物学实验教学体系。     

针对医学微生物学实验教学中学生常见问题的思考与探讨

实验教学是高等医学院校教学的重要组成部分,对培养学生理论联系实际、动手能力、分析解决问题能力、科学思维等有重要意义。微生物学实验不仅综合性和操作性强,而且要求学生具备较强的无菌操作技能和生物安全意识。针对在医学微生物实验教学中学生常见的一些问题,从多方面思考和探讨如何提高实验教学质量和培养学生综合素质。     

微生物学实验多样化教学之初探

实验教学是微生物教学的重要组成部分,是培养学生动手能力、分析和解决问题等能力的重要教学环节.通过适当修改实验方案、整体设计实验、解决实际问题和开设综合性实验等途径实现多样化的教学模式,实践表明可以显著提高学生的学习兴趣,充分调动学生的积极性、主动性和创造性.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.