重症监护病房产ESBLs菌的基因分型

目的了解深圳市人民医院重症监护病房分离菌超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）的检出率及其基因型分布情况。方法收集来自重症监护病房大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌分离株48株,采用CLSI推荐的表型确证方法筛选出ESBLs株,并利用PCR及DNA测序法分析产酶菌株的ESBL基因型。结果（1）48分离株菌中共检出产ESBLs菌24株,阳性率为50.0%。（2）产酶菌中93.8%（15/16）的大肠埃希菌和87.5%（7/8）的肺炎克雷伯菌分别检出CTX-M基因;其中72.7%（16/22）为CTX-M-14。6株肺炎克雷伯菌检出SHV基因,其中3株为SHV-11型,另3株为SHV-12型,6株含SHV基因的肺炎克雷伯菌中5株合并CTX-M基因。而所有大肠埃希菌株均未检出SHV基因。所有产酶菌中,分别有10株大肠埃希菌和2株肺炎克雷伯菌检出TEM-1基因,其中1株大肠埃希菌只检出TEM-1基因,未检出SHV型或CTX-M型基因。结论重症监护病房分离菌ESBLs检出率高,以CTX-M-14为主要基因型。     

新生儿科病房产ESBLs分离株耐药基因分型

目的了解我院新生儿科病房产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的流行情况及基因型特点。方法采用美国国家临床实验室标准化委员会(NCCLS)推荐的表型确证方法,对分离自广东省妇儿医院新生儿科病房的50株大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌进行ESBLs检测。应用PCR法分别扩增产酶菌的TEM、SHV和CTX-M基因,并进行DNA测序及分型。结果50株细菌中,检出ESBLs阳性菌22株,检出率为44%,其中大肠埃希菌5株,肺炎克雷伯菌17株。5株大肠埃希菌中,3株同时检出CTX-M-14和TEM-1,1株检出CTX-M-14,1株3种基因均未检出。17株肺炎克雷伯菌中7株同时检出CTX-M-14型和SHV-12,9株只检出SHV-12,1株只检出CTX-M-14。结论SHV-12型ESBLs是新生儿科病房最常见的ESBLs,其次为CTX-M-14。     

产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌呼吸道分离株的基因分型及耐药性分析

目的了解深圳市人民医院大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌呼吸道分离株超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)的基因型特点及耐药性。方法采用临床实验室标准化协会(CLSI)推荐的表型确证试验筛选出该院呼吸道分离株产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌共78株。应用PCR及DNA测序法分析产酶株的TEM、SHV及CTX-M3种β-内酰胺酶基因,用琼脂稀释法测定细菌最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果 37株产ESBLs大肠埃希菌中,28株(75.7%)检出CTX-M-14基因,4株(10.8%)检出CTX-M-9基因,其他型较少见。41株肺炎克雷伯菌中,25株(61.0%)检出SHV-12基因,4株(9.8%)检出SHV-11基因,其他SHV型较少。20株(48.8%)检出CTX-M-14基因,5株(12.2%)检出CTX-M-3基因,其他型较少。产ESBL菌株均对亚胺培南敏感,对氨苄西林/舒巴坦的耐药率最高(90%),对其他抗生素有不同程度耐药。结论深圳市人民医院呼吸道分离的产ESBLs大肠埃希菌以CTX-M-14型为主,产酶肺炎克雷伯菌以SHV-12和CTX-M-14型为最常见。     

泌尿系感染产ESBLs大肠埃希菌基因分型

目的 了解深圳市人民医院临床泌尿系感染标本中产ESBLs大肠埃希菌的基因型特点.方法 收集近几年深圳市人民医院临床尿液标本中非重复的产ESBLs大肠埃希菌43株,PCR分别扩增菌株的TEM、SHV、CTX-M基因,阳性株进行DNA测序分型.结果 43株产ESBLs大肠埃希菌中40株CTX-M基因阳性,分别为CTX-M-14型36株,CTX-M-9型2株,CTX-M-15型2株,其中17株CTX-M-14型菌株检出TEM-1基因;所有菌株均未检出SHV基因.结论 本地区致泌尿系感染产ESBLs大肠埃希菌中,CTX-M-14型为主.     

产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌β-内酰胺酶基因型分析

目的 了解深圳市人民医院产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)肺炎克雷伯菌的ESBLs和头孢菌素(AmpC)酶基因型分布特点.方法 收集深圳市人民医院产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌临床菌株64株,PCR法分别扩增菌株的TEM、SHV、CTX-M基因,并进行DNA测序分型.同时应用多重PCR对其中的头孢西丁耐药株进行AmpC酶基因扩增,DNA序列确定其基因型.结果 64株产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌中,61株(95.3％)检出至少一种ESBLs基因.其中51.6％ (33/64)检出SHV-12基因,46.9％(30/64)检出CTX-M-14基因.11株(17.2％)检出AmpC基因,其中10株为DHA-1型,1株为CYM-2型.19株(29.7％)检出2种以上的ESBLs或ESBLs合并AmpC基因.结论 该院产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌中,最常见的ESBLs基因型为SHV-12和CTX-M-14型;AmpC酶的主要基因型为DHA-1,菌株中同时产生多种β-内酰胺酶的较多.     

产ESBLs大肠埃希菌的AmpC基因型分析

目的 了解深圳市人民医院产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)大肠埃希菌合并产AmpC酶的状况及基因型特点.方法 从近几年深圳市人民医院产ESBLs大肠埃希菌临床菌株中,筛选出对头孢西丁耐药菌株51株,PCR分别扩增菌株的TEM、SHV、CTX-M基因,同时应用多重PCR检测菌株的AmpC酶基因,序列测定PCR阳性产物以确定其基因亚型.结果 51株菌中有49株至少检出一种ESBLs或AmpC基因.单ESBLs基因阳性菌株37株(72.5％),单AmpC基因阳性4株(7.8％),合并ESBLs和AmpC基因阳性的8株(15.6％).共有41株(80.4％)含CTX-M-14基因,4株含CTX-M-15,其他基因型ESBLs较少.2株检出两种ESBLs基因;一株同时检三种ESBLs基因.检出AmpC基因的菌株12株,其中10株为DHA-1型,2株为CMY-2型;其中6株DHA-1型及2株CMY-2型菌同时检出CTX-M-14基因.结论 该院头孢西丁耐药产ESBLs大肠埃希菌中大多数为单产ESBLs菌,主要为CTX-M-14型;少数同时产生ESBLs和AmpC酶,AmpC酶以DHA-1型为最常见.     

产超广谱β-内酰胺酶细菌耐药性基因型分析

检测我院产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药性和基因型。表型确定临床分离产ESBLs的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌56株,应用PCR基因扩增技术及双脱氧DNA测序方法,分别对TEM、SHV、CTX-M-1、CTX-M-2和CTX-M-9编码基因进行分析。产酶菌株对亚胺培南、美洛培南、阿米卡星、头孢吡肟耐药性较低,对其他16种抗生素耐药性较高。在56株菌株中有50株为CTX-M型,占89%,34株为TEM型(60.7%),20株SHV型(35.7%);其中CTX-M-9型共计39株占78%,CTX-M-1型19株占38%,CTX-M-2型16株占32%。产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药性值得关注,主要临床流行基因型是CTX-M型。     

呼吸道产超广谱β-内酰胺酶分离株耐药基因初步分型

目的了解产超广谱β-内酰胺酶 (ESBLs)呼吸道分离株的主要基因型分布特点.方法用表型确证试验确定临床呼吸道标本中产ESBLs的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌.应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法扩增产ESBLs株的bla(TEM)、bla(SHV)和bla(CTX-M)基因.结果 PCR结果显示bla(TEM)、bla(SHV)和bla(CTX-M)基因的总阳性率分别为40 .7%、45.7%和75.3%,其中大肠埃希菌分别为:64.9%、2.7%和91.9%,肺炎克雷伯菌分别为:20.5%、81.8%和61.4%.67.6%的大肠埃希菌和95.5%的肺炎克雷伯菌同时携带多个基因.结论深圳市人民医院呼吸道分离的产ESBLs大肠埃希菌的主要基因型为CTX-M,肺炎克雷伯菌主要基因型为SHV.大多数菌株同时携带多个基因.     

产ESBLs大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药特征和基因分型研究

目的了解广东省中医院产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）的大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌的流行、耐药特点和基因型分布。方法对该院2001年7月至2003年8月间临床分离保存的208株大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌,用VITEK-32细菌鉴定仪进行细菌鉴定,用K—B法进行药敏试验,用双纸片法进行ESBLs初筛,用NCCLS1999年推荐的确证方法进行ESBLs确证。并采用PCR扩增和PCR产物测序方法对产ESBLs菌株进行基因分型。结果分离到产ESBLs细菌76株,总检出率为36．5％,其中肺炎克雷伯菌阳性率为41．9％（39／93）、大肠埃希菌阳性率为32．2％（37／115）,产酶株的耐药率明显高于非产酶株,产ESBLs细菌对青霉素类、环丙沙星及头孢菌素类耐药率较高,加酶抑制剂克拉维酸或他唑巴坦后耐药率有明显下降;PCR初步分型结果表明：TEM型42株（55．3％）,均为TEM-1型,CTX-M型27株（35．5％）,SHV型33株（43．4％）。结论产ESBLs细菌具有多重耐药的特点;CTX-M型和SHV型是该院产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌中流行的基因型。     

福建医科大学生肠道中产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌的定植状况

【摘 要】 目的 分析福建医科大学生肠道中产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）大肠埃希菌（E.coli）的定植状况。方法 2011年9月随机招募福建医科大学生92名,每人收集一份粪便标本并接种于ChromID ESBLs产色培养基筛查ESBLs 阳性E.coli;PCR扩增常见β-内酰胺类基因（SHV、TEM、CTX-M-1组、CTX-M-2组和CTX-M-9组）并且每种基因型随机挑选5株进行测序;同时进行E.coli系统发育分型分析。结果 92份粪便标本筛查出76株ESBLs阳性E.coli,阳性率为82.61%（76/92）;基因扩增显示ESBLs 阳性E.coli中CTX-M-9组58株（76.32%）、TEM型45株（59.21%）、CTX-M-1组27株（35.53%）和SHV型1株（1.32%）;经随机挑选5株测序CTX-M-9组5株均为CTX-M-14基因型,TEM均为TEM-1基因型,CTX-M-1组均为CTX-M-15基因型,SHV为SHV-12基因型;系统发育分型检出A型41株（53.95%）,D型29株（38.16%）,B2型4株（5.26%）,B1型2株（2.63%）。结论 福建医科大学生ESBLs阳性 E.coli定植状况相当严峻,且主要以CTX-M-9组（CTX-M-14基因型）为主。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.