阴道微生态评价体系在妇产科疾病的应用现状

女性阴道微生态体系是人体重要的微生态体系之一,在维护女性生殖道健康中起到关键作用。阴道微生态评价体系能够更加全面的评价女性不同健康状态下的阴道微生态环境,为妇产科疾病的诊断及治疗提供指导,保护女性的生殖道健康。阴道微生态评价体系已经应用于妇产科领域中的阴道炎症、妇科肿瘤、计划生育、围产医学及生殖医学。     

妇科恶性肿瘤患者阴道微生态状况

了解妇科恶性肿瘤患者及化疗后患者阴道微生态状况, 探讨化疗后患者阴道微生态评价的临床意义。

选取2017年8月至2019年8月在我院妇科住院治疗的60例妇科恶性肿瘤患者(肿瘤组)及同期因妇科恶性肿瘤进行化疗的40例患者(化疗组)作为研究对象, 同时以40例健康体检女性作为体检组, 取阴道分泌物进行微生态评估。

肿瘤组患者阴道菌群密集度正常(++和+++)者占58.3%, 与体检组及化疗组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。肿瘤组、化疗组和体检组对象中菌群正常者分别占18.3%、5.0%、55.0%, 差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。化疗组、肿瘤组和体检组菌群抑制者分别占42.5%、35.0%、10.0%, 差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。不同类型妇科恶性肿瘤患者阴道微生态状况比较差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。

妇科恶性肿瘤患者阴道微生态失调率增高, 化疗后患者在阴道微生态失调率升高的同时生殖道感染风险增加。

     

妇科恶性肿瘤术后阴道微生态状况分析

目的了解妇科恶性肿瘤术后患者阴道微生态的状况,探讨妇科恶性肿瘤术后阴道微生态评价的临床意义。方法选取100例妇科恶性肿瘤术后复查的患者,取阴道分泌物进行微生态评价,以同期30例绝经体检妇女作为对照。结果妇科恶性肿瘤术后阴道优势菌以乳酸杆菌为主的,占41%;菌群密集度多在＋ ＋ ～＋ ＋ ＋,占52%;菌群多样性多在＋ ＋ ～＋ ＋ ＋,44% ;PH^4.5,占35% ;VVC阳性率为4% ;阴道毛滴虫阳性率为7% ;BV阳性率为5% ;微生态失调的发生率占69%。结论（1）妇科恶性肿瘤术后,阴道微生态失调发生率明显增高;（2）妇科恶性肿瘤术后阴道微生态的失调与肿瘤的种类、恶性程度、手术范围、卵巢去留等无关,但术后时间越长,阴道微生态失调率越高;（3）评价妇科恶性肿瘤术后阴道微生态环境的状况,对预防与治疗术后生殖道感染具有重要指导意义。     

阴道微生态的研究进展

阴道微生态是由阴道微生物群、宿主的内分泌系统、阴道解剖结构及局部黏膜免疫共同组成的一种动态的生态系统,四者之间相互影响、相互制约,共同维持阴道微生态体系平衡,这在维持女性生殖健康方面具有显著的作用。但在某些因素的影响下,阴道微生态的平衡体系可被打破,表现为阴道菌群失调、异常的炎症反应及免疫应答等,最终导致多种妇产科并发症的发生。因此,关注阴道微生态的平衡及了解各组分之间的相互关系对于预防、诊治相关妇产科疾病及维持女性生殖健康具有重要意义。     

乳杆菌治疗女性阴道炎相关研究进展

健康妇女的阴道中存在黏膜免疫系统及乳杆菌与其它微生物群的动态平衡,对维持其自净及宿主健康起重要作用。乳杆菌在阴道内具有抵抗内源性和外源性病原菌生长繁殖的作用。当这种平衡被打破时,乳杆菌减少而其他微生物大量繁殖,造成阴道炎的发生。对于阴道炎的治疗,临床可以采用微生态治疗——合理使用抗生素和微生态调节剂的应用,从而起到杀菌、修复阴道上皮和恢复阴道微生态环境的作用。     

多囊卵巢综合征患者阴道微生态变化及其与性激素水平的关系

目的探讨多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者阴道微生态变化及其与性激素水平的关系。方法将2018年7月-2019年7月我院生殖健康与不孕症科收治的132例PCOS患者作为研究组,选择同期在我院进行妇科体检的86例健康女性作为对照组。16S rRNA法和定量PCR反应检测阴道分泌物微生态情况,放射免疫法测定血清中睾酮(T)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)、催乳素(PRL)水平,分析微生态变化与性激素水平的关系。结果研究组患者阴道分泌物清洁度Ⅳ度检出率,滴虫、假丝酵母菌及线索细胞阳性检出率,阴道微生态失调率,血清T、LH、E2及PRL水平均高于对照组(P0.05),研究组患者血清FSH、P水平低于对照组(P0.05)。阴道微生态失调患者血清中E2水平高于阴道微生态正常患者,P水平低于阴道微生态正常患者(P0.05)。结论 PCOS患者存在阴道微生态失衡,阴道微生态的变化与血清性激素水平存在相关性,考虑激素水平的变化可能参与阴道微生态失调的发生。     

宫颈癌术后HPV持续感染者阴道微生态状况分析

目的通过宫颈癌术后HPV持续感染者阴道微生态状况分析,探讨发病的特点,为恢复阴道微生态平衡,HPV转阴,提供治疗依据。方法对75例(肿瘤组)宫颈癌术后HPV持续感染者取阴道分泌物,并取50例绝经期体检妇女作为对照组。结果发现肿瘤组阴道微生态失调占72.0%,优势菌占50.7%,菌群密集度++~+++为46.7%,菌群多样性++~+++为42.7%,pH值≤4.5为28.0%;与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。肿瘤组≤55岁组阴道优势菌占59.1%,与55岁组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其余阴道菌群密集度、菌群多样性、pH、阴道微生态失调、VVC、BV差异无统计学意义。结论 (1)肿瘤组阴道微生态失调;(2)肿瘤组内55岁组的阴道优势菌有更明显差异;(3)评价宫颈癌术后HPV持续感染阴道微生态的状况,对治疗纠正微生态,及HPV的转阴有重要的指导意义。     

482例产褥期阴道微生态调查

目的了解产褥期妇女阴道微生态状况,为临床保健提供循证依据。方法选择长兴县妇幼保健院产后门诊复查的产褥期妇女482例及来院体检的健康妇女86例,采集阴道分泌物作pH、病原体、清洁度和阴道微生态功能检查,进行阴道微生态学评价、比较。结果 482例产褥期阴道pH为(4.62±0.62);阴道清洁度Ⅲ~Ⅳ127例;微生态正常者75例,占15.56%;微生态失调者407例,占84.43%。86例健康妇女阴道pH(4.38±0.65);阴道清洁度Ⅲ~Ⅳ14例;微生态正常者34例,占39.53%;微生态失调者52例,占60.47%。差异有统计学意义。结论产褥期妇女阴道微生态发生改变,表现为pH升高,清洁度下降,微生态失调比例明显升高,应引起临床保健工作者关注。     

4816例妇科门诊妇女阴道微生态状况的分析

目的研究当前厦门地区妇科门诊妇女阴道微生态的状况。方法对2010年8月至12月于厦门市妇幼保健院妇科门诊就诊的4 816例患者阴道分泌物进行检查,检查指标包括清洁度、念珠菌、滴虫、唾液酸苷酶、白细胞酯酶、过氧化氢(H2O2)浓度。结果研究对象中患阴道炎比例高(54.92%),阴道微生态失调率更高(60.86%);正常体检的妇女部分患有阴道炎或存在阴道微生态失调。结论当前厦门地区妇科门诊患者的阴道微生态状况形势是严峻的;阴道微生态6项快测指标简便、快速、实用,值得推广。     

宝鸡市阴道微生态检测平台的初步应用

目的 采用我院阴道微生态诊断平台对妇科门诊就诊者阴道微生态状况进行分析,为妇科疾病（阴道炎）的诊断提供依据。方法 收集我院2018年1-4月妇科门诊患者阴道微生态检测资料,根据菌群密集度和多样性、优势菌、Nugent评分及五项菌群功能及炎症反应指标进行结果判定,采用描述性流行病学分析评价结果。结果 共对6 326例就诊者进行了阴道微生态检测,其中阴道菌群正常者占10.40%,菌群正常但功能下降者占15.81%,阴道微生态失调者占73.79%。阴道微生态失调者中菌群异常者占40.48%,细菌性阴道病患者占9.63%,外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病患者占10.28%,滴虫性阴道病患者占1.82%,混合性阴道炎患者占0.85%。阴道微生态失调病例主要集中于40~49岁的女性（35.58%）,但外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病患者中30~39岁者占比较高（33.8%）。结论 阴道微生态诊断平台有助于全面评价女性阴道微生态状况,客观的反映致病病原体存在程度,有利于指导妇科疾病的临床诊治。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.