待孕夫妇乙肝表面抗原及乙肝表面抗体阳性情况分析

目的 分析与探讨待孕夫妇乙肝表面抗原及乙肝表面抗体检测结果,并研究其对临床孕前检查的影响及评价。方法 随机选取2015‒2017年度在我院进行孕前检查的夫妇2440对（4 880例）为研究对象,按照年度将待孕夫妇分为两组,每组2 440例,两组均加强孕前检查中的乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）及乙肝表面抗体（HBsAb）的检测。A组为2015年3月‒2016年2月在我院进行乙肝表面抗原及乙肝表面抗体检查的待孕夫妇;B组为2016年3月‒2017年2月在我院进行乙肝表面抗原及乙肝表面抗体检查的待孕夫妇。比较两组待孕夫妇乙肝表面抗原及乙肝表面抗体检测的阳性结果。结果 B组HBsAg阳性率、HBsAb阳性率明显高于A组（6.43% vs 4.63%;62.99% vs 58.44%）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。B组、A组男性HBsAg阳性率明显高于同组女性（59.87% vs 40.13%;60.18% vs 39.82%）,HBsAb阳性率低于同组女性（46.52% vs 53.48%;47.41% vs 52.59%）,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。B组、A组高中及以上学历HBsAg阳性率明显低于同组高中以下学历（38.85% vs 61.95%;38.05% vs 61.15%）,高中及以上学历HBsAb阳性率高于同组高中以下学历（53.15% vs 46.84%;51.75% vs 48.25%）,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）结论 目前夫妇乙肝感染仍处于增高趋势,对于进行孕前检查的待孕夫妇加强乙肝表面抗原及乙肝表面抗体的检测,有助于疾病的早期诊断、干预及治疗,能够减少乙肝传播,可有效降低新生儿乙肝发病率,促进优生优育,提高出生人口整体素质。     

乙肝阳性血浆中HBsAg的滴度与保存温度和疫苗收量关系

本文报导了乙型肝炎阳性血浆中ＨＢｓＡｇ的滴度与保存温度和疫苗收量的关系。证明：１．４─５年于─２０℃保存该血浆对ＨＢｓＡｇ滴度无明显影响;２．于─２０℃和３０℃反复冻融八次以上ＨＢｓＡｇ滴度开始下降。３．于２５℃保存５６天后,该血浆中的ＨＢｓＡｇ可下降一个滴度,提示要尽可能避免反复冻融,缩短室温保存时间。用乙肝阳性血浆制备疫苗时疫苗的收量与血浆中ＨＢｓＡｇ的滴度密切相关,当ＲＰＨＡ滴度为１：５１２时,收量明显偏低,ＲＰＨＡ滴度为１：２０４８以上时疫苗收量较高。     

4例乙肝表面抗原阴性乙肝病毒DNA阳性标本结果分析

目的 探讨4例乙肝病毒HBV-DNA阳性标本乙肝表面抗原(HbsAg)阴性的原因.方法 4例HbsAg阴性HBV-DNA阳性标本和1例HbsAg阳性HBV-DNA阳性标本,碱裂解法提取乙肝病毒基因组,采用巢式PCR扩增s基因全长片段,T-A克隆后测序,根据s基因序列推导氨基酸序列,分析乙肝表面抗原α决定簇区域的氨基酸变异情况.结果 与参考株比较,5例血清中HBV-DNAs基因均出现不同位点碱基突变,导致乙肝表面抗原α决定簇区域的氨基酸突变主要为:1号标本R122K、I126A、S143T;2号标本R122K、I126N、Q129N;3号标本R122K、I126S、T131N、M133T;4号标本R122K、I126S、T131N、M133T及5号标本的R122K.结论 乙肝表面抗原α决定簇区域126位氨基酸突变可能会影响HbsAg的检测结果.     

分子筛层析法分析重组乙肝表面抗原聚集物的形成

分子筛层析作为分析蛋白质颗粒聚集物的一种有力工具,被用于研究重组乙肝表面抗原聚集物的形成。已去除聚集物的表面抗原放置在不同的理化条件下或经过不同的纯化方法处理后,应用HPLC分析其聚集物的形成。为研究发酵过程中是否形成表面抗原聚集物,酵母细胞破碎后立即用Sepharose 4 FF层析柱分离为不同的组分,并分别进行HPLC分析。结果发现,在纯化过程和酵母发酵阶段都有表面抗原聚集物的产生。     

关于重组乙肝表面抗原纯化收率的研究

本文采用回归分析法研究了超速离心纯化时,固定一次溴化钾密度梯度比例,选择不同的二次溴化钾梯度比例对下一步ＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＣＬ－４Ｂ柱层析纯化收率的影响。结果表明：回归分析不仅能揭示纯化的最佳条件,即,二次溴化钾超速离心时溶液由２４０ｍｌ（１．０４ｇ／ｍｌ）：８００ｍ１（１．２８ｇ／ｍｌ）：６００ｍｌ（１．３２ｇ／ｍｌ）：５０ｍｌ（１．３４ｇ／ｍｌ）构成时柱层析收率最高。而且还能解释层析纯化中出现的异常结果。     

基因乙肝表面抗原纯化工艺的初步改进

本文研究了新的层析介质（Ｃｅｌｌｕｆｉｎｅ）对原纯化工艺中ＳｅｐｈａｒｓｅＣＬ－４Ｂ柱层析纯化后的乙肝表面抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ）组分及ＤＮＡ组分的进一步纯化效果。结果表明：该层析介质可以提高ＨＢｓＡｇ的纯度和收量,并对初步提纯ＤＮＡ组分中的乙肝表面抗原有一定意义。并首次发现ＤＮＡ组分中乙肝表面抗原的ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＢ图谱较正常基因乙肝表面抗原的图谱缺少３０ＫＤ的条带。     

毕赤酵母菌高效表达乙肝表面抗原的研究

目的:筛选高效表达HBsAg的毕赤酵母茵,制备目的蛋白.方法:从已确诊的乙肝病人血清中提取DNA,PCR扩增HBVS基因,将其分别克隆入毕赤酵母胞内表达栽体pPICZA中.构建重组质粒pPICZA-S和pPICZA-SH,经Sac I线性化后,LiCI化学法转化入酵母茵株GS115、X-33、KM71H和SMD1168.结果:诱导表达后的GS115工程茼单位体积的培养基所得的抗原含量最高,诱导培养基中加入0.1%酪蛋氨基酸后,可抑制目的蛋白的水解,有利于目的蛋白的表达,粗略估算表达量为15.3mg/L,最佳收获时间为72 h.结论:经SDS-PAGE和Westcrn-blot分析表明,所得产物为乙肝表面抗原S蛋白.     

212 831例不同人群乙肝五项标志物结果分析

目的探讨郑州地区不同人群乙肝五项标志物模式的分布及特点。方法采用ELISA法对血样进行HBV血清学指标检测,收集2012年9月28日至2017年9月27日在我院检查的乙肝五项定性检测结果,进行不同模式分析。结果 212 831例检测者中HBsAg阳性者有6 103例,其中男性3 177例,女性2 926例,男女HBsAg阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=43.26,P0.01)。乙肝主要模式"1,3,5阳"、"1,4,5阳"和"1,5阳"分别占17.88%、56.81%和23.12%,"1,5阳"模式按性别比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=7.31,P0.01),其他乙肝模式按性别比较,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0,3.43,0.35和1.91,Ps0.05);不同年龄组HBsAg阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=1 396.48,P0.01)。受检人群中抗-HBs阳性有79 222例(占37.22%),不同年龄组和不同性别人群抗-HBs比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=1 220.18,353.03,Ps0.01);受检人群中乙肝全阴模式91 819例(占43.14%)。结论郑州地区男性HBsAg阳性率略高于女性,而女性抗-HBs阳性率略高于男性。郑州乙肝全阴模式比例较高,提示主动免疫工作有待加强。     

提高细胞学标本阳性检出率的制片技术探讨

细胞学检查以其简便、快速、经济实用等优势,对肿瘤的早期发现发挥着重要的作用.细胞学的正确诊断对指导临床诊断及治疗也起到决定性作用.细胞学标本包括痰、尿、胸腹水、妇科标本等.高质量的细胞学涂片及染色是获得准确诊断的重要环节.多数细胞学的漏诊与误诊始于低劣的制片和染色技术.重视细胞学的制作质量无疑是提高细胞学阳性检出率的重要保证.     

乙肝表面抗原阳性母亲的婴儿对乙肝疫苗的应答

正Ko等人的研究表明,5.3%的未感染的婴儿对3剂或4剂系列的初次乙肝疫苗没有应答,疫苗无应答的发生率与接种后血清测试(PVST)的时间间隔呈负相关,1~2个月是2.0%,15~16个月是2 1.6%。之前已经有报道完成全程疫苗接种者的抗体阳性率     

Practical guidelines for assessing patients positive for hepatitis B surface antigen.

In assessing the patient the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) the physician must decide on the basis of physical findings, results of laboratory tests and biopsy, when indicated, whether the patient is an asymptomatic carrier or has acute or chronic hepatitis. Asymptomatic carriers of HBsAg must be educated in personal hygiene and the possibility of transmission, should not be allowed to donate blood or breast-feed and should not work with blood products for human use or pharmaceutical products designated for intravenous use. However, it is otherwise not necessary to advise these individuals to change their profession.     

Patterns of circulating hepatitis B surface antigen variants among vaccinated children born to hepatitis B surface antigen carrier and non-carrier mothers

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) variants that possessed missense mutation within the neutralization epitope of the major S antigen as defined by amino acid residues (aa#) 124–147, termed the a determinant variants, were identified through a population-based serosurvey of 2,305 children of the vaccinated birth cohorts born after 1986. Data on the 678 nucleotides encoding the S antigen of HBV were available for 75 HBV strains that were collected from 63 vaccinated children and 12 unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated children, and 21 HBV strains from 25 unvaccinated adults. Among the diverse patterns of one to three amino acid substitutions within the a determinant, 145-Arg occurred most frequently (5/14); other variants were: 126-Ala, 127-Thr, 126-Ser/131-Asn/133-Thr, 129-His, 129-Arg, 123-Asn/131-Ile, 133-Leu, 141-Glu, and 141-Arg/144-Ala. Only one of these variants occurred in the 16 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-carrier children born to HBsAg-negative mothers, whereas 12 of these variants occurred in the 20 (50%) children born to HBsAg-positive mothers. In addition, early administration of HBV vaccine within the noenatal period increased the likelihood of the emergence of these variants to 64.7% (11/17). Five of the 21 (23.8%) unvaccinated HBsAg-carrier adults harbored the a determinant variants possessing mutations within aa# 125–136, i.e. the putative first loop formed by the cysteine disulfide bonds. Vaccinated children were likely to harbor HBV variants possessing mutations involving altered charge of side chains and/or its hydrophobicity of amino acid residues within the putative second loop between aa#140 and 146. Our data suggest that emergence of these HBV S gene mutants in the phase of HBV vaccination program would be most common among populations in whom perinatal/vertical transmission of HBV is most common, i.e. southeast Asian and the Taiwanese.     

Proteins of hepatitis B surface antigen.

Purified 22-nm forms of hepatitis B surface antigen (Hbsag) representing the three major antigenic subtypes (adw, ayw, and adr) were analyzed for their constituent polypeptides by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. No consistent difference in either the number or relative distributions of the polypeptides was observed for the various subtypes. Seven polypeptides were designated as P-1 through P-7 in order of their decreasing mobilities. By comparison with protein standards, their molecular weights were estimated as 23, 29.5, 36, 41.5, 53.5, 72, and 97 thousand. The P-1 and P-2 components represented the major polypeptides; P-2 and P-5 might by glycoproteins, based on their reaction with periodic acid-Shiff reagent. Each polypeptide contains cysteine residues. HBSAg was radiolabeled with 3H or 14C by reductive methylation or iodinated with 125I by the chloramine-T or lactoperoxidase procedures. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of labeled HBSAg yielded patterns identical to those obtained with protein stain. Comparison of HBSAg labeled by the chloramine-T and lactoperoxide procedures indicated that there was no distinction between internal or external components within the 22-nm structure.     

Standardization of the antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen concentration

We examine sources of potential bias in the estimation of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen concentrations by a calibration curve for conversion of RIA units to international units. We show by calculation and example that very large biases may exist, whereas accurate estimation is needed in screening programmes and in clinical trials for the evaluation of the immunogenicity of various types and schedules of hepatitis B vaccine. It is recommended that the danger of large biases be avoided by using the laboratory's own calibration curve, calibrated against dilutions of the WHO standard, using a standard as positive control in the radioimmunoassay. Furthermore, serum samples should be diluted to a concentration close to that of the positive control.     

Overcoming T cell tolerance to the hepatitis B virus surface antigen in hepatitis B virus-transgenic mice

The sequence of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) major envelope (Env) protein (ayw subtype) was scanned for the presence of H-2(d,b) motifs. Following binding and immunogenicity testing, two new H-2(d)-restricted epitopes (Env.362 and Env.364) were identified. These epitopes induced CTLs capable of recognizing naturally processed HBV-Env, but were apparently generated with lower efficiency than the previously defined dominant Env.28 epitope. Next, HBV-transgenic mice that express all of the HBV proteins and produce fully infectious particles were immunized with a mixture of lipopeptides encompassing the Env.28, Env.362, and Env.364 epitopes. Significant CTL responses were obtained, but they had no effect on viral replication in the liver, nor did they induce an inflammatory liver disease. However, in adoptive transfer experiments, CTL lines generated from the HBV-transgenic mice following immunization were able to inhibit viral replication in vivo without causing hepatitis. This is in contrast to CTL lines derived from nontransgenic mice that displayed both antiviral and cytopathic effects, presumably because they displayed higher avidity for the viral epitopes than the transgenic CTLs. These results suggest that T cell tolerance to HBV can be broken with appropriate immunization but the magnitude and characteristics of the resultant T cell response are significantly different from the response in HBV-naive individuals since their antiviral potential is stronger than their cytotoxic potential. This has obvious implications for immunotherapy of chronic HBV infection.     

Characteristics of hepatitis B surface antigen produced in yeast

We have constructed an expression plasmid for regulated expression of the hepatitis B surface antigen gene in yeast using promoter of the yeast Pho5 gene. In the yeast transformants, the monomeric HBsAg (22K dalton) was estimated to constitute approximately 3% of the total proteins. On extraction, the HBsAg was found to have a buoyant density of 1.18 g/ml and an Sw.20 value of 54. Electron microscopy revealed particles of heterogeneous size ranging from 18-28 nm. When the yeast HBsAg was used to immunize guinea pigs, the anti-HBsAg antibodies produced could react with human serum HBsAg.     

Organ-specific expression of hepatitis B surface antigen in potato

Summary The gene encoding the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) under the control of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S-promoter was constructed and expressed in transgenic potato plants. The HBsAg expression were measured by ELISA kit containing monoclonal antibodies. The amount of HBsAg in roots was found 5–10 fold higher than in leaf tissues