野生大鲵肠道细菌多样性及产酶活性研究

[目的]纯培养分离大鲵肠道细菌并研究其多样性及产酶活性。[方法]分离大鲵肠道细菌并进行胞外淀粉酶、蛋白酶、纤维素酶和脂肪酶活性研究,并应用16S rRNA系统发育分析对菌落进行分子鉴定。[结果]纯培养分离得到65株细菌,产酶活性结果表明:62株产蛋白酶、46株产淀粉酶、61株产纤维素酶、2株产脂肪酶。将65株细菌16S rRNA序列扩增并进行RFLP分析后选取33株进行测序,可划分为2个门5个属:变形菌门(Proteobacteria)占总数的54.5%,分为普罗维登斯菌属(Providencia)、柠檬酸杆菌属(Citrobacter);厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)占总数的45.5%,分为漫游球菌属(Vagococcus)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、赖氨酸芽孢杆菌属(Lysinibacillus)。[结论]大鲵肠道细菌产酶活性,分离出的细菌多样性丰富进行测序的肠道细菌可分为2门5属。     

小龙虾肠道产木聚糖酶细菌的分离与鉴定

【背景】小龙虾肠道微生物是小龙虾降解纤维素和半纤维素的主要驱动力。【目的】研究肠道内细菌的相对丰度,为揭示肠道微生物在小龙虾纤维素降解过程中的作用提供理论支撑。【方法】采用纯培养法从小龙虾肠道筛选产木聚糖酶细菌,并且对小龙虾肠道细菌进行16S高通量测序。【结果】形态学和16SrRNA基因分子鉴定表明,筛选到的4株产木聚糖酶细菌均属于芽孢杆菌科芽孢杆菌属;结合进一步的生理生化特征鉴定,结果为:菌株Z-3为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis),菌株Z-4为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis),菌株Z-29为蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus),菌株Z-30为高地芽孢杆菌(Bacillus altitudinis);16S rRNA基因高通量测序结果表明:在属水平上,小龙虾肠道细菌主要是Candidatus Bacilloplasma、拟杆菌属、弧菌属、不动杆菌属、Dysgonomonas、Tyzzerella3、气单胞菌属和希瓦氏菌属细菌。【结论】小龙虾肠道内细菌资源丰富,且芽孢杆菌属细菌在木质纤维素降解过程中发挥一定功能。     

甘草内生细菌的分离及拮抗菌株鉴定

从乌拉尔甘草健康植株的根茎叶中共分离到内生细菌98株,经初步鉴定芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)为优势种群,约占30%;从不同生长年份甘草的根、茎、叶组织中分离内生细菌种群密度从5.0×104cfu/g~2.9×107cfu/g鲜重不等。采用平板对峙方法筛选出6株对植物病原菌有明显体外拮抗活性的菌株,通过菌落、菌体形态观察、生理生化反应及16S rDNA序列分析,同时结合Biolog细菌自动鉴定系统验证,鉴定这6株拮抗菌分属萎缩芽孢杆菌(Bacillus atrophaeus)、多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、Paenibacillus ehimensis。     

变质豆浆中腐败微生物的分离与初步鉴定

从5种变质豆浆中分离得到3株腐败菌株S1、S2和S3。3株菌均能在1×105Pa、30min杀菌条件下和添加300mg/kgNisin杀菌条件下存活。对分离菌株进行了菌落形态、生理生化特征和16SrDNA序列分析,鉴定结果表明3株菌均为革兰氏阴性细菌,分别为地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)、短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)和短芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus borstelensis),GenBank登录号为EF439666~EF439668。     

番茄茎内生细菌的分离鉴定及青枯病拮抗菌的筛选

采用化学法进行表面灭菌处理,运用平板涂布法及平板划线法从番茄茎内得到17株内生细菌.通过形态观察和生理生化指标鉴定,17株内生细菌分属于6个属,即葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、短芽孢杆菌属(Brevi-bacillus)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、棍状杆菌属(Clavibacter)、欧文氏菌属(Erwinia)和乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus).采用滤纸片法从17株内生菌中筛选出1株对青枯菌(Pseudomonas solanacearum)有拮抗作用的菌株,编号为TS-06,属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus).其抑菌圈半径为2.5 mm.     

塔河天然胡杨林地可培养细菌的生态分布研究

目的：研究塔里木河天然胡杨林部分地区可培养细菌的生态分布。方法：通过塔里木河胡杨林采样,可培养菌分离及16S rDNA序列鉴定。结果：从3种不同样品（水样、土样和胡杨树杆分泌物）中分离筛选了22株细菌,其中17株菌为革兰氏阳性菌,5株为革兰氏阴性菌。根据生理生化特征与16S rDNA序列分析结果表明,其中15株菌属于芽孢杆菌属,4株属于不动杆菌属、假单胞菌属、动性球菌属和Agrococcus属各含有1个分离株。结论：塔里木河胡杨林可培养微生物中芽孢杆菌比较丰富,其中有3个可能的新种。     

烟草青枯病拮抗内生细菌的分离、鉴定及其田间防效

从病区健康烟草植株茎杆内分离到一株对烟草青枯罗尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacarum)有强拮抗作用的内生细菌,命名为B-001菌株.拮抗性研究表明,B-001菌株对多种革兰氏阳性细菌、革兰氏阴性细菌以及病原真菌均有较强的抑制作用.形态和生理生化特征初步表明菌株B-001为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)细菌.经扩增、测序得到B-001的16S rDNA序列,GenBank接收号为DQ444283.用ClustalX进行多重序列对比,并通过MEGA3方法构建16S rDNA系统发育树,表明:菌株B-001与Bacillus subtilis (DQ415893)的相似性为99.2%,并处于同一分支;结合形态和生理生化指标,将其鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌(B. subtilis).2005和2006年在湖南省桂阳县、宁乡县进行了田间试验,防效在40.03%～78.14%,防治效果良好,且明显优于农用链霉素.     

亚洲韧皮杆菌兼性厌氧型伴生细菌鉴定及优势菌群分析

以定向分离培养和基于16S rDNA的PCR-DGGE (Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, DGGE)方法, 分析感黄龙病柑橘与健康柑橘植株不同部位的内生细菌多样性, 分离柑橘组织共获得19株可培养的兼性厌氧型内生细菌, 经形态、生理生化结合16S rDNA分子方法鉴定其隶属于12个属, 其中短小杆菌属Curtobacterium sp. (IF: 29.07%)、芽孢杆菌属Bacillus sp. (IF: 23.12%)和微杆菌属Microbacterium sp. (IF: 21.09%)为罹病植株的优势菌群, 芽孢杆菌属Bacillus sp. (IF: 21.03%)、动性球菌属Planococcus sp. (IF: 20.69%)和假单胞菌属Pseudomonas sp. (IF: 17.44%)为无症健株的优势菌群。对DGGE方法得到的50条16S rDNA目标条带进行序列比对, 共鉴定出9个属的细菌, 结果表明沙雷氏菌属Serrations sp. (IF: 28%)是优势菌属, 泛菌属Pantoea sp. (IF: 14%)是次优势菌属; 病果桔络中黄龙病菌含量最高(>1%), 而罹病植株其他部位的黄龙病菌丰度较低。PCR-DGGE 图谱也显示感病和健康柑橘组织的内生细菌存在差异。     

大蒜内生细菌的分离及拮抗菌筛选与鉴定

利用常规分离方法对大蒜鳞茎进行内生细菌的分离,采用对峙法和平板涂布法对分离的内生菌进行拮抗试验研究,并对菌株DSP6进行16S rDNA全序列鉴定。结果表明:分离得到19株内生细菌,其中10株菌对2种以上植物病原真菌有不同程度的抑制作用,占分离菌总数的52.6%,DSN7对番茄早疫病的抑菌圈半径最大,为13mm;17株菌对5种病原细菌中至少1种有抑制作用,占分离菌总数的89.5%,其中菌株DSP3对大肠杆菌的抑菌圈半径最大,达到10 mm;菌株DSP6对供试的9种病原菌有较强的抑菌作用,且抑菌圈平均半径最大,为6.88mm;16S rDNA全序列鉴定显示,菌株DSP6与芽孢杆菌属Bacillus axarquiensis相似性为100%,表明菌株DSP6为Bacillus axarquiensis。     

黑粉虫与黄粉虫幼虫肠道细菌的比较

在黑粉虫和黄粉虫肠道中分别分离获得5株细菌,对其菌体形态、培养性状、染色反应、生理生化反应等进行了系统研究。鉴定结果表明,黑粉虫的5个细菌菌株分别属于金杆菌属(Aureobacterium)、李斯特氏菌属(Listeria)、微杆菌属(M i-crobacterium)、莫拉氏菌属(M oraxella)、短小杆菌属(Curtobacterium);黄粉虫的5个细菌菌株分别属于金杆菌属(Aureobacte-rium)、球形芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sphaericus)、微杆菌属(M icrobacterium)、巨大芽孢杆菌(B.m egaterium)、短小杆菌属(Curtobac-terium)。金杆菌属(Aureobacterium)、微杆菌属(M icrobacterium)和短小杆菌属(Curtobacterium)均在2种昆虫肠道中出现。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.