切变流场中红细胞取向与变形行为的研究

用新型激光衍射仪研究了不同粘度的切变流场中ＤＩ、（ＤＩ）ｄ、（ＤＩ）ｏｒ随流场切变率的变化,结果表明：１．在切应力τ＝０．２Ｎ／Ｍ２附近,ＲＢＣ从‘Ｃ＝０’轨道取向向‘Ｃ＝∞’过渡。２．（ＤＩ）ｄ在不同粘度的悬浮介质中对切交率的依赖关系不同,存在一临界形度,当悬浮介质的粘度小于该值时,由于ＲＢＣ的翻滚会出现ＤＩ＝０的现象。３ＲＢＣ群体由稳定的坦克履带式运动概型向混乱的翻滚运动概型转化的过程中,存在一能量转化的过渡过程。     

红细胞变形性测定

血液流变学给临床研究展现了新的前景,揭示出免疫学、生物精神病学、生物心理学之间、心血管疾病与癌瘤之间人们忽视了的联系。血液流变学的测定给内科和外科医生提供了新的工具。     

红细胞变形能力与微循环相关研究

300年前,卢文-虎克（Leeuwcnhok）首先在镜下观察了心肌微循环,发现毛细血管和血液流动,并报道了红细胞在通过毛细血管时发生形态变化,但当时未引起重视。直到20世纪60年代微循环和70年代血液流变学开始发展起来,医学界对红细胞变形性的重要性才逐渐有了了解。近年来,对红细胞变形能力的研究,对于掌握微循环生理规律,认识血液流变学性质,探索生物血液流动的力学性能和临床应用都有重要意义。以下简单介绍有关红细胞变形能力在微循环中几个重要问题,供同行们参考。     

全血滤过法测定红细胞变形性的意义

有关红细胞变形性的检验指标,已受到临床的重视。测定红细胞变形性的方法也越来越多。最近,Rohmor 报告目前检查红细胞的变形性的方法有流变镜法、激光衍射法、高速离心法、细胞流过时间分析法、微吸管法、微孔滤膜法和凝胶过滤法等。目前,在国内大多数基层医疗单位采     

慢性肾功能衰竭病人红细胞变形能力的改变

慢性肾功能衰竭(CRF)是发生在各种慢性肾脏疾病后期的一种临床症状,以肾功能减退,代谢产物潴留,水、电解质及酸碱平衡失调为主要表现。为了解CRF时红细胞变形能力的改变情况,我们对CRF病人及正常人的红细胞变形能力进行了测定。     

黄芪改善红细胞变形能力的活性成分研究

膜荚黄芪(Astragalus Membrannaceus(Fisch)Bunge)为豆科紫云英属植物,其根作为传统中药黄芪之正品。本课题通过以改善红细胞变形能力为活性导向筛选,用核孔膜滤筛法,以IF值为指标,对膜荚黄芪的成分进行了系统分离和鉴定。结果表明:黄芪中的黄芪皂甙Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ(Astragaloside Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ)等皂甙类及芒柄花素(Formononetin),毛蕊异黄酮(Calycosin)等异黄酮类化合物,对孵化红细胞的变形能力有明显的改善作用,这可能是黄芪改善血液流变学指标的重要机理。     

交感神经损毁术对自发性高血压大鼠血压和红细胞Na~＋外流动力学的影响

本实验研究了皮下注射６—羟多巴胺（６—ＯＨＤＡ）施行交感神经损毁术对成年自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）血压和红细胞Ｎａ＋外流动力学的影响。结果表明,在幼年期施行交感神经损毁术的ＳＨＲ血压显著低于未损毁组,同时红细胞Ｎａ泵驱动的的Ｎａ＋外流最大速率显著下降、Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋外向协同转运系统的单位活性升高。三者均接近ＷＫＹ大鼠的测定值。相反,损毁成年ＳＨＲ交感神经不影响上述两个动力学参数,血压也未见明显改变。此外,不论幼年或成年期注射６—ＯＨＤＡ均可降低Ｎａ＋—Ｌｉ＋对向转运系统驱动的Ｎａ＋外流最大速率。上述结果提示,在ＳＨＲ早期发育过程中,交感神经营养因子可能降低Ｎａ＋—Ｋ＋外向协同转运活性,继而刺激Ｎａ泵代偿功能增强。这种现象可能同时存在于ＳＨＲ动脉平滑肌,因而是高血压产生的一个原因。关于交感神经损毁术后ＳＨＲ红细胞Ｎａ＋—Ｌｉ＋对向转运最大速率下降的机制尚不清楚,但与交感神经早期营养作用的消除无关。     

凝集素及其受体相互作用对人红细胞变形性的影响

研究红细胞变形性,无论在理论研究还是临床实践中均具重要意义。它对于认识不同因素如外界物质、细胞膜及骨架、不同病理状态等对细胞结构及功能的影响有一定帮助,也为深入研究不同因素对细胞作用的机制及某些疾病的诊断提供线索和依据。     

不同产地大熊猫红细胞同工酶的比较研究

本文对饲养在国内几家动物园内的不同性别及不同产地的十六只大熊猫的红细胞乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH),G-6-PD(葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶)以及葡萄糖磷酸异构酶(GPI或PGI)四种同工酶进行了淀粉凝胶电泳分析。确定了大熊猫红细胞上述四种同工酶的酶谱,从而在生化水平上对我国不同产地的大熊猫进行了初步研究和探讨。     

POPULATIONS OF MONARCH BUTTERFLIES WITH DIFFERENT MIGRATORY BEHAVIORS SHOW DIVERGENCE IN WING MORPHOLOGY

The demands of long‐distance flight represent an important evolutionary force operating on the traits of migratory species. Monarchs are widespread butterflies known for their annual migrations in North America. We examined divergence in wing morphology among migratory monarchs from eastern and western N. America, and nonmigratory monarchs in S. Florida, Puerto Rico, Costa Rica, and Hawaii. For the three N. American populations, we also examined monarchs reared in four common environment experiments. We used image analysis to measure multiple traits including forewing area and aspect ratio; for laboratory‐reared monarchs we also quantified body area and wing loading. Results showed wild monarchs from all nonmigratory populations were smaller than those from migratory populations. Wild and captive‐reared eastern monarchs had the largest and most elongated forewings, whereas monarchs from Puerto Rico and Costa Rica had the smallest and roundest forewings. Eastern monarchs also had the largest bodies and high measures of wing loading, whereas western and S. Florida monarchs had less elongated forewings and smaller bodies. Among captive‐reared butterflies, family‐level effects provided evidence that genetic factors contributed to variation in wing traits. Collectively, these results support evolutionary responses to long‐distance flight in monarchs, with implications for the conservation of phenotypically distinct wild populations.     

不同固磷方式对巢湖沉积物磷吸附行为的影响

内源磷负荷将严重阻碍富营养化湖泊的恢复,其控制技术的关键在于有效增强沉积物吸附磷的能力,而相关研究相对较少。研究以典型富营养化湖泊(巢湖)严重污染区域的沉积物为实验对象,系统比较了常规固磷方式(施用CaCl2、FeCl3、AlCl3与曝气)对沉积物磷吸附行为和间隙水溶解态可反应磷(SRP)浓度的影响。结果表明:施用不同剂量的CaCl2之后,沉积物磷最大吸附量和吸附能均无显著变化,间隙水SRP浓度和沉积物磷平衡浓度(EPC0)仅有较小幅度的下降;FeCl3和AlCl3的施用可明显增加沉积物磷的最大吸附量和吸附能,同时有效降低间隙水SRP浓度和EPC0值,即沉积物显示更强的从水中吸附磷的能力。当同处低剂量水平时,铁能更有效地降低沉积物EPC0值;反之,曝气对沉积物最大吸附量和吸附能均无显著影响,却明显提高了间隙水SRP浓度和沉积物EPC0值,进而导致更强的磷释放风险。故建议将适量铁的施用作为富营养化湖泊沉积物修复的有效技术,且慎用曝气处理。     

马尾松林叶面积指数动态变化的遥感监测研究

本文以浙江省江山市的马尾松幼龄林为试材,测定了各种马尾松林分的叶面积指数,并获取了同期的陆地卫星ＴＭ数据,分析和比较了几种常用的植被指数同林分叶面积指数的关系,总结得出利用航天遥感技术完全可以监测单层林分叶面积指数的动态变化过程,只是当林分的叶面积指数大于６．０时,其监测的灵敏度大为降低。虽然这一研究结果仍是初步的,但这一定量指标的出现,使人们更加深刻地了解到遥感技术以其宏观性强、快速客观准确反映地表森林分布的优势,具有广泛用于森林生态系统和森林质量动态监测研究的巨大潜力。     

SWELLING OF ERYTHROCYTES IN SOLUTIONS OF AMMONIUM SALTS

Two rather simple equations have been derived, which make it possible to express in a single number the result of a series of determinations of the volume of erythrocytes swelling in solutions of ammonium salts. In all experiments made with several combinations of different concentrations of permeating and non-permeating salts, the curves calculated from the equations have covered the points found by experiment.     

不同脑功能状态下脑电三维动态频谱的变化

应用三维动枋频谱分析方法,对不同脑功能状态下的脑电活动作定理分析结果表明:在睁眼时α波(8—13Hz)的总面积仅为闭目安静时的无56.1°.其中以X_1成份(8—10Hz)下降显著.降至41.1°.X_2成份(11—13Hz)下降至71.0°心算时x节律抑制不明显β波段(17— 45Hz)在睁眼和心算时总面积无显著变化,但心算时β_1(17—31Hz)略占优势,而睁眼时β_2(31—45Hz)略呈优势。     

THE VALIDITY OF THE GLASS ELECTRODE IN AMMONIUM CHLORIDE BUFFERS

It is shown that the glass electrode may be used without appreciable error to measure pH of ammonia or ammonium chloride buffers, but that corrections must be applied above pH 8.6 if sodium ions are present in the unknown solution. Corrections are given for values from pH 8.6 to 9.4. A slight further modification of form of glass electrode used by previous workers is described.     

THE NATURE OF BANDS IN PARASITIZED BOVINE ERYTHROCYTES

Anaplasma marginale is the etiological agent of a hemolytic disease of cattle, known as anaplasmosis. The organism appears as a marginal inclusion in parasitized erythrocytes, but certain isolates also have bands associated with the inclusion. Inclusions and associated bands in parasitized erythrocytes in the liver and peripheral circulation were studied by light microscope cytochemistry and electron microscopy. Bands were comet- and dumbbell-shaped by light microscopy and were stained by techniques used to demonstrate protein and fibrin. The same forms, as well as other shapes, were seen in infected erythrocytes which were sectioned and examined by electron microscopy. Bands had longitudinal and transverse periodicity. They did not appear to have a crystalline structure. Their appearance was collated with that of bovine fibrin. Bands were well differentiated in erythrocytes that were entensively hemolyzed by natural or artificial means, but poorly differentiated in mildly hemolyzed erythrocytes. Hemolysis methods appeared to influence the morphology of bands and their demonstration.     

不同年龄红细胞(人)的增溶胰岛素受体和胰岛素结合以及依赖于胰岛素的磷酸化反应

1.我们研究了人的不同年龄红细胞的胰岛素受体从膜上增溶后和胰岛素相结合的特征。结果表明,随着红细胞年龄的增加,增溶胰岛素受体和胰岛素的最大结合能力下降;ED_(50)降低,同时受体结合位点数减少。青年红细胞的增溶胰岛素受体数比去年的高一倍,但其亲和性不论在结合平衡状态或动力学状态都基本一致。 2.利用γ-~(32)P-ATP的~(32)P参入量研究了胰岛素对不同年龄红细胞增溶蛋白质及外源蛋白质的磷酸化的影响。在胰岛素存在时,磷酸化分别增加2.3—2.9倍,及3.4—4.4倍。胰岛素刺激青年红细胞的增溶蛋白质的磷酸化的敏感性为老年的2.4倍。 3.研究结果表明,单个人的血样可用来研究胰岛素受体的结合及激酶的性质。