共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
《Mycoscience》2002,43(3):267-270
Peroxidase and laccase activities increased rapidly up to the formation of primordia and then declined throughout the entire stage of fruiting. In the case of Pleurotus ostreatus, the level of Mn-dependent peroxidase was very low in primordia and fruiting stages but gradually increased with the growth of the fruit-body, whereas no activity was detected in Pleurotus sajor-caju during all growth stages. Superoxide dismutase activity was observed mainly at the fruiting stages. These results show that changes in concentration of lignin-related enzymes are associated with the fruiting process. 相似文献
2.
Lee SR Joo WJ Baek YU Kim I Chay KO Cho SH Lee SJ Kang SO 《Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea)》2011,49(1):71-77
Vegetative mycelia of Pleurotus ostreatus were differentiated into primordia and subsequently into fruit bodies in synthetic sucrose-asparagine medium when exposed
to light at low temperature. During photo-morphogenesis, l-ascorbic acid-like substances called reductones were produced. l-Ascorbic acid, d-eryth-roascorbic acid, 5-O-(α-d-glucopyranosyl)-d-erythroascorbic acid, 5-O-(α-d-xylopyranosyl)-d-erythroascorbic acid, 5-methyl-5-O-(α-d-glucopyranosyl)-d-erythroascorbic acid and 5-methyl-5-O-(α-d-xylopyranosyl)-d-eryth-roascorbic acid were accumulated initially in the illuminated mycelia before the initiation of fruiting. The content
of glycosides of erythroascorbic acid and their methylated compounds increased again in the primordia and the fruit bodies.
Exogenous L-ascorbic acid induced the formation of primordia from the mycelia in the dark in a dose-dependent manner. Thus,
this suggests that these reductones might play a role in mediating the light stimulus in photomorphogenesis. 相似文献
3.
The elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying the leaf development can be facilitated by the detailed anatomical study
of leaf development mutants. We present an analysis of leaf anatomy and morphogenesis during early developmental stages in
has mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana. The recessive has mutation affects a number of aspects in plant development, including the shape and size of both cotyledons and leaves. The
earliest developmental observations suggest almost synchronous growth of the first two leaf primordia of has mutant. No significant disruption of the cell division pattern in the internal tissue is observed at the earliest stages
of development, with the major anatomical difference compared to wild type primordia being the untimely maturation of mesophyll
tissue cells in has mutant. At the stage of leaf blade formation, structure disruption becomes clearly evident, by irregular arrangement of the
cell layers and the lack of polarity in juvenile has leaves. One distinguishing feature of the mutant leaf anatomy is the absence of mesophyll tissue differentiation. Altered
has mutant leaf morphology could be at least partially accounted for by the ectopic STM activity that was found at the base of leaf primordia during early stages of leaf development in has plants. 相似文献
4.
5.
Elisashvili V Kachlishvili E Penninckx MJ 《Acta microbiologica et immunologica Hungarica》2008,55(2):157-168
Cultivation of two commercial Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom) strains was performed in plastic bags. Tree leaves appeared to be an excellent growth substrate for the conversion into fruiting bodies with biological efficiency of 108-118%. The level of enzyme activity was strongly regulated during the life cycle of mushrooms. However, despite the quantitative variations, each strain had a similar pattern of enzyme accumulation in fermentation of both substrates. Laccase and MnP activities were high during substrate colonization and declined rapidly during fruiting body development. On the contrary, in substrate colonization P. ostreatus expressed comparatively low activity of hydrolases. When primordia appeared, the activity of these enzymes sharply increased. Both cellulase and xylanase activity peaked at the mature fruiting body stage. When mushrooms shifted to the vegetative growth, the activity of ligninolytic enzymes again gradually increased, whereas the activity of hydrolases decreased. 相似文献
6.
Cocultivation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pleurotus ostreatus</Emphasis> (Jacq.) P. Kumm. with yeasts
D. N. Novoselova O. V. Kamzolkina 《Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin》2011,66(3):102-105
Cocultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus with eight yeast species were investigated on water agar. Special mycelial structures contacting with yeast cells were found
in such cultures: nipple-like appendages and coralioid hyphae. Three out of eight species, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Rhodotorula minuta, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were identified as trophic preferendum for P. ostreatus. These three yeast species were used for mushroom cultivation on sunflower seed peel. The biomass of fruiting bodies increased
by 52.8–75.7% with the H. uvarum and S. cerevisiae suspension presence in the substrate. 相似文献
7.
A sporeless mutant dikaryon, completely defective in sporulation, was isolated from mycelial protoplasts of Pleurotus eryngii mutagenized by UV irradiation. Newly established dikaryons between one component monokaryon from the mutant, and 12 different
wild type monokaryons from 3 other wild type dikaryons, all exhibited the sporeless phenotype, whereas those between the other
monokaryon and the same wild type monokaryons all produced normal fruiting bodies. These results indicated that the sporeless
mutation was induced in one of two nuclei of the mutant and was dominant. In the wild type basidia, the pattern of nuclear
behavior during sporulation corresponded to the pattern C nuclear behavior as defined by Duncan and Galbraith. Cytological
observation revealed that in the sporeless mutant meiosis was blocked at the meta-anaphase I in most basidia and hence basidiospores
and sterigmata were not produced. Although fruiting bodies of the sporeless mutant showed a somewhat leaning growth, their
gross morphology and its fruiting body productivity were comparable to that of the original wild type strain. Based on these
results, it was considered that the sporeless mutant could serve as a potential material in breeding of sporeless P. eryngii commercial strains.
Received: September 5, 2002 / Accepted: October 16, 2002
Acknowledgments We are grateful to Mrs. Motoe Masuda for her skillful technical assistance.
Contribution no. 358 from the Tottori Mycological Institute
Correspondence to:Y. Obatake 相似文献
8.
9.
Fructification and yield of the edible mushrooms Pleurotus pulmonarius and Stropharia rugosoannulata are clearly enhanced when wheat straw is supplemented with 30% Lolium perenne grass chaff. The bioactive compound in the methanol extract of grass chaff was identified as beta-adenosine. In vitro biological activity tests showed that 0.012 mg of beta-adenosine per ml of medium stimulated earlier fructification of Pleurotus pulmonarius. Mushroom fruiting trials showed that when 12 mg beta-adenosine was added to 1 kg wet wheat straw, primordia of Pleurotus pulmonarius appeared two days earlier and primordia of Stropharia rugosoannulata appeared 18 days earlier when compared to pure wheat straw substrate. This concentration of beta-adenosine had no impact on the mushroom yield of Pleurotus, but resulted in a 2.2 fold increase in yield for Stropharia. beta-Adenosine at 25 mg per kg wet wheat straw increased the yield of Pleurotus with 52% and the yield of Stropharia with 258%, but this concentration delayed primordial formation in Pleurotus. 相似文献
10.
Three enzymes with milk-clotting activity have been isolated from the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus (Fr.) Kumm) by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, gel chromatography on Sephadex G75, and ion exchange chromatography on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). Isoelectric
points of the enzymes, as determined by isoelectrofocusing, equaled 4.2, 6.7, and 8.8. Inhibition analysis showed that the
enzymes with isoelectric points of 4.2 and 6.7 belong to the class of metal-dependent proteinases, while the enzyme with the
isoelectric point of 8.8 belongs to the serine protease class. 相似文献
11.
Sushil Kumar Swati Chaudhary Vishakha Sharma Renu Kumari Raghvendra Kumar Mishra Arvind Kumar Debjani Roy Choudhury Ruchi Jha Anupama Priyadarshini Arun Kumar 《Journal of genetics》2010,89(2):201-211
To understand the role of INSECATUS (INS) gene in pea, the leaf blades of wild-type, ins mutant and seven other genotypes, constructed by recombining ins with uni-tac, af, tl and mfp gene mutations, were quantitatively compared. The ins was inherited as a recessive mutant allele and expressed its phenotype in proximal leaflets of full size leaf blades. In
ins leaflets, the midvein development was arrested in distal domain and a cleft was formed in lamina above this point. There
was change in the identity of ins leaflets such that the intercalary interrupted midvein bore a leaf blade. Such adventitious blades in ins, ins tl and ins tl mfp were like the distal segment of respective main leaf blade. The ins phenotype was not seen in ins af and ins af uni-tac genotypes. There was epistasis of uni-tac over ins. The ins, tl and mfp mutations interacted synergistically to produce highly pronounced ins phenotype in the ins tl mfp triple mutant. The role(s) of INS in leaf-blade organogenesis are: positive regulation of vascular patterning in leaflets, repression of UNI activity in leaflet
primordia for ectopic growth and in leaf-blade primordium for indeterminate growth of rachis, delimitation of proximal leaflet
domain and together with TL and MFP homeostasis for meristematic activity in leaflet primordia. The variant apically bifid
shape of the affected ins leaflets demonstrated that the leaflet shape is dependent on the venation pattern. 相似文献
12.
Pleurotus sajor-caju (FR. ) SINGER was cultivated on different organic wastes, namely sericulture waste, Populus deltoides MARSH , and Eupatorium adenophorum SPRENG . Paddy straw was taken as the control and all the data were compared with it. The mineral contents of the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus sajor-caju and the substrates on which the mushroom was grown were analyzed. Among the eight minerals determined (calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sodium, iron, manganese and zinc), the potassium content was highest followed by phosphorus, magnesium and sodium. Analysis of the mineral contents of the substrates before cultivation had also been carried out. The mineral contents of the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus sajor-caju were found to be different on different substrates. It was also observed that the mineral contents of the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus sajor-caju increase when cultivated on substrates with higher mineral contents. The maximum mineral contents per 100 g of the substrates before cultivation were Ca – 347 mg; P – 151 mg; K – 1,805 mg; Na – 127 mg; Mg – 227 mg; Fe – 53 mg; Mn – 10 mg and zn – 3.1 mg. The mineral contents of the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus sajor-caju per 100 g ranged as follows: Ca – 25.1 mg to 35.3 mg; P – 448 mg to 602 mg; K – 2,146 mg to 2350 mg; Na – 139 mg to 229 mg; Mg – 153 mg to 224 mg; Fe – 9.74 mg to 20.75 mg; Mn – 2.5 mg to 4.0 mg and Zn – 2.2 mg to 3.1 mg. 相似文献
13.
14.
Cüneyt Çirak Jolita Radušienė Liudas Ivanauskas Valdimaras Janulis 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2007,29(3):197-203
The genus Hypericum has received considerable interest from scientists, as it contains the variety of structurally diverse natural products which
possess a wide array of biological properties. The present study was conducted to determine ontogenetic and morphogenetic
variation of hypericin, chlorogenic acid and flavonoids, as rutin, hyperoside, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, quercitrin and quercetin content in Hypericum origanifolium growing in Turkey. Wild growing plants were harvested at vegetative, floral budding, full flowering, fresh fruiting and mature
fruiting stages and dissected into stem, leaf and reproductive tissues and assayed for bioactive compounds by HPLC method.
Hypericin, quercetin and quercitrin content in whole plant increased during course of ontogenesis and the highest level was
reached in blooming stage. On the contrary, hyperoside content of whole plant decreased linearly with advancing of development
stages and the highest level was observed at vegetative stage. Plants produced similar amount of chlorogenic acid at all stages
of plant phenology except for mature fruiting at which the amount of this compound was decreased sharply. Among different
tissues, reproductive parts accumulated the highest level of hypericin, quercetin and quercitrin, however, leaves produced
substantially higher amount of chlorogenic acid and hyperoside. Rutin and apigenin-7-O-glucoside were detectable in all tissues only during fruit maturation. The presence and variation of these bioactive substances
in H. origanifolium were reported for the first time. 相似文献
15.
An alkaline protease from fresh fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pleurotus citrinopileatus</Emphasis> 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A protease was purified from fresh fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom Pleurotus citrinopileatus. The isolation procedure included ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, CM-cellulose, and Q-Sepharose and fast protein
liquid chromatography-gel filtration on Superdex 75. The protease was unadsorbed on DEAE-cellulose and Q-Sepharose, but adsorbed
on CM-cellulose. In sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the protease demonstrated a single band with
a molecular mass of 28 kDa. The protease showed an optimal pH at 10 and an optimal temperature at 50°C. The activity of the
protease was not affected by EDTA, indicating that it is not a metalloprotease. The protease exhibited a higher activity in
the presence of K+ and Li+, but its activity was potently inhibited by Al3+, Cu2+, and Hg2+ ions. It manifested a K
m of 3.44 mg/ml and a V
max of 0.139 mg ml−1 min−1. It was devoid of ribonuclease and antifungal activities. 相似文献
16.
17.
Holly A. Little Ekaterina Papadopoulou Sue A. Hammar Rebecca Grumet 《Sexual plant reproduction》2007,20(3):123-136
Sexual diversity expressed by Curcurbitaceae species is a primary example of developmental plasticity in plants. Ethylene,
which promotes femaleness (carpel development), plays a key role in sex determination. We sought to determine the critical
location for ethylene perception in developing floral primodia. The dominant negative Arabidopsis ethylene response mutant
gene, etr1-1, was introduced into melon (Cucumis melo L.) plants under control of the constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter, or floral-targeted Apetela3 (AP3) and Crab’s Claw (CRC) promoters, which in Arabidopsis, promote expression in petal and stamen, and carpel and nectary primordia, respectively.
Based on effects of exogenous ethylene, it was predicted that inhibition of ethylene perception by carpel primordia would
inhibit carpel development. Constitutive expression of etr1-1 caused several phenotypes associated with ethylene insensitivity, verifying that etr1-1 inhibits ethylene perception in the heterologous melon system. Carpel-bearing bud production was essentially abolished in
35S::etr1-1 melons, providing direct demonstration of the requirement for ethylene perception for carpel development. CRC::etr1-1 plants, however, showed enhanced femaleness as manifested by earlier and increased number of carpel-bearing buds, and production
of female (rather than bisexual) buds. Despite increased carpel-bearing bud formation, a greater proportion of the CRC::etr1-1 carpel-bearing buds aborted before anthesis. AP3::etr1-1 plants showed increased maleness by nearly exclusive staminate flower production, and poorly developed carpels in the rare
bisexual flowers. These results indicate that ethylene perception by the stamen (or petal) primordia plays a critical role
in promoting carpel development at the time of sex determination, while ethylene perception by the carpel is important for
maturation of carpel-bearing flowers to anthesis. 相似文献
18.
A method for isolating high purity and quantity RNA from Agaricus bisporus which is rich in proteins, carbohydrate, fiber and secondary metabolites, is described. RNA was extracted from mycelium, primordia, sporophores at two development stages and two post-harvest storage stages as well as from pileipellis, inner cap, gill and stipe of the mature sporophore. The A(260)/A(230) and A(260)/A(280) ratios of isolated RNA from fruiting bodies were both ~2 and the yield was about 200 μg/g fresh wt (FW). The yield of RNA from mycelium was approx. 100 μg/g FW. High quality RNA was also extracted from fruiting body tissues of Lentinus edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Flammulina velutipes and Pleurotus eryngii with yields from 130 to 225 μg/g FW. RNA extracted from all samples was intact, as demonstrated by gel electrophoresis and was suitable for downstream molecular applications, including RT-PCR and qPCR. 相似文献
19.
The release and spread of a large number of basidiospores from the developing fruiting body cause serious problems in the
cultivation of edible mushrooms, including Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quel. The P. pulmonarius sporeless mutant, TMIC-30058, has a high potential for breeding sporeless cultivars to reduce these adverse effects. Our
previous study (Okuda et al. in Breeding Science 59:315–319, 2009) showed two sequence-tagged site (STS) markers for the sporeless trait from this mutant. Here, using these STS markers we
present rapid detection of sporeless trait from P. pulmonarius culture extracts by real-time PCR. This method enables us to cut down time and labor for screening of the sporeless trait,
suggesting its availability for efficient breeding of sporeless cultivars. 相似文献
20.
Seung Kim Kumar Sapkota Bong-Suk Choi Sung-Jun Kim 《Central European Journal of Biology》2010,5(6):791-799
Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) has been widely used in many medical applications. Large scale production of rhGH is important for a wider application of this molecule in the field of proteomics. This investigation reports a modified
Agrobacterium-mediated method for transfer and expression of human growth hormone gene in the popular edible mushroom Pleurotus eryngii. A binary vector pCAMBIA1304 containing the hGH2 gene was constructed and introduced into Pleurotus eryngii via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Integration of hGH2 into mushroom genome was detected by PCR and expression was confirmed by Western blot assay. The successful expression
of the human growth hormone gene in mushroom suggests that the proposed modified transformation system is probably useful
for the production of transgenic mushrooms. 相似文献