共查询到13条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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反向遗传系统可以对RNA病毒直接进行遗传操作,为RNA病毒的分子生物学研究提供了一种强大的工具。在过去20年,特别是自90年代中期第一例负链RNA病毒感染性克隆构建成功以来,动物RNA病毒的分子生物学研究取得了长足的进展,这很大程度上归功于各种动物RNA病毒反向遗传系统的建立。这里系统总结了人类及动物非反转录RNA病毒中各类代表性成员在建立反向遗传系统时的方案设计、遇到的困难及研究者如何克服这些困难。分类讨论到的代表性病毒种属有脊髓灰质炎病毒、冠状病毒(包括SARS病毒)、黄病毒、野田村病毒、流感病毒、传染性法氏囊病病毒以及呼肠孤病毒等。 相似文献
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利用PCR从λ溶原性细菌DE3中扩增出T7 RNA聚合酶基因,定向克隆进逆转录病毒载体pBABEpuro,得到阳性重组质粒pTTBABEpuro.把该重组质粒与pVSV-G共感染GP2-293包装细胞系,形成假型病毒.通过polybrene介导假型病毒感染IBRS-2细胞,利用嘌呤霉素进行传代筛选,形成细胞系IBRST7.对不同代次的IBRST7细胞基因组进行PCR和RT-PCR鉴定,结果表明,T7 RNA聚合酶基因在细胞传代过程中能稳定存在,并能表达目的蛋白的mRNA.为了鉴定T7 RNA聚合酶在IBRST7细胞内是否具有转录活性,扩增口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)的内部核糖体进入位点(IRES)片段和EGFP基因,定向克隆于原核表达载体pET-43.Ia-c( )中,构建了T7启动子控制下转录的具有非帽依赖性表达的重组质粒pIERS-EGFP-ET,把该质粒转染IBRST7细胞,能够在紫外显微镜下观察到绿色荧光,说明EGFP得到了表达,表明IBRST7细胞系内的T7 RNA聚合酶具有转录活性.然后,利用该细胞系成功拯救出具有感染性的猪水泡病病毒(SVDV),并对其生物学功能进行了鉴定.该细胞系的建立为利用T7 RNA聚合酶转录系统体内高效拯救病毒提供了基础.该拯救病毒的策略使RNA拯救简化为一步快速的拯救方法,为进一步探索SVDV病毒致病的分子机制及研制新型SVD疫苗奠定了良好的基础. 相似文献
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While host proteins incorporated into virions during viral budding from infected cell are known to play essential roles in multiple process of the life cycle of progeny virus,these characteristics have been largely neglected in studies on rabies virus(RABV).Here,we purified the RABV virions with good purity and integrity,and analyzed their proteome by nano LC–MS/MS,followed by the confirmation with immunoblot and immuno-electronic microscopy.In addition to the 5 viral proteins,49 cellular proteins were reproducibly identified to be incorporated into matured RABV virions.Function annotation suggested that 24 of them were likely involved in virus replication.Furthermore,cryo-EM was employed to observe the purified RABV virions,generating high-resolution pictures of the bullet-shaped virion structure of RABV.This study has provided new insights into the host proteins composition in RABV virion and shed the light for further investigation on molecular mechanisms of RABV infection,as well as the discovery of new anti-RABV therapeutics. 相似文献
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微生物在生物圈中分布广泛,并且在地球物质循环中占有重要地位,但是约99﹪的微生物目前还不能通过传统的培养方法得到纯培养物(即未培养微生物),给这些未培养微生物的研究带来很大的困难。随着分子生物学的快速发展及其在微生物研究中的广泛运用,促进了以环境中未培养微生物为研究对象的新兴学科--环境基因组学的产生和发展。在不进行相关微生物培养分离的情况下,通过从环境样品中直接提取获得所有微小生物的全部遗传物质,并构建环境基因组文库;进一步利用功能基因组学研究策略,从文库中寻找编码产生新的有生物活性产物的基因;通过对系统发育相关锚定位点基因序列分析,从而确定特定生态环境体系中未培养微生物的种类结构组成及进化地位,并最终重建该体系中微生物群体的基本物质循环模式。此外,环境基因组学也可以在对未培养微生物生理生化特性深入了解的基础上,建立发展合适的培养体系,最终获得某些特定微生物的纯培养物。本文对环境基因组的构建及相关分析研究策略的进展进行了综述;同时介绍了其在微生物分类及生态学研究的应用。 相似文献
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Torriani S Clementi F Vancanneyt M Hoste B Dellaglio F Kersters K 《Systematic and applied microbiology》2001,24(4):554-560
Two high-resolution genotypic techniques (RAPD-PCR and AFLP) were evaluated for their possibility to discriminate the species Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus and Lactobacillus paraplantarum and to type these taxa at the infra-species level. In total 23 strains of L. plantarum, three strains of L. pentosus, two strains of L. paraplantarum and two related strains for which the species assignment was not clear, were studied. For RAPD-PCR, suitable oligonucleotides and amplification conditions were selected and tested. For AFLP, a double digest of total genomic DNA was used and a subset of restriction fragments was selectively amplified and visualised using different primer combinations. Both methodologies generated, species-specific electrophoretic profiles. Moreover, the presence of distinct subgroups was revealed within the species L. plantarum. 相似文献
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Genome-wide investigation on the genetic variations of rice disease resistance genes 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Yang S Feng Z Zhang X Jiang K Jin X Hang Y Chen JQ Tian D 《Plant molecular biology》2006,62(1-2):181-193
Exploitation of plant disease resistance (R) gene in breeding programs has been proven to be the most efficient strategy for coping with the threat of pathogens. An understanding of R-gene variation is the basis for this strategy. Here we report a genome-wide investigation on the variation of NBS-LRR-encoding genes, the common type of R genes, between two sequenced rice genomes, Oryza sativa L. var. Nipponbare and 93–11. We show that the allelic nucleotide diversity in 65.0% of 397 least-divergent pairs is not high (0.344% on average), while the remaining 35% display a greater diversity (5.4% on average). The majority of conserved R genes is single-copy and/or located as a singleton. The clustered, particularly the complex-clustered, R-genes contribute greatly to the rich genetic variation. Surprisingly only 11.2% of R-genes have remarkably high ratios of non-synonymous to synonymous rates, which is much less than the 17.4% observed between Arabidopsis genomes. Noticeable “artificially selective sweeping” could be detected in a large proportion of the conserved R-genes, a scenario described in the “arms race” co-evolutionary model. Based on our study, a variation pattern of R-genes is proposed and confirmed by the analysis of R-genes from other rice lines, indicating that the observed variation pattern may be common in all rice lines.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at 相似文献
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用PCR方法对从浙江省猪场收集的、以淋巴结肿大和生长迟缓为特征的患猪腹股沟淋巴结进行PCV2检测.将检测为阳性的病料研磨、离心、过滤除菌后,接种PCV-free PK-15细胞进行病毒分离,分离获得3株病毒,命名为HZ0201、HZ0202、NB0301.PK-15细胞增殖所得病毒离心纯化后,在电镜下可观察到直径约为17~20nm,呈二十面体对称的病毒粒子.以组织和病毒的细胞DNA为模板进行PCV2的全基因扩增,测序结果显示,3株病毒分离物全基因序列均由1767bp组成,直接来自病料与细胞分离毒株的核苷酸同源性为100%.基因组内含有11个ORF.通过比较发现,分离毒株与PCV2参考株的同源性介于94.2%~99.7%之间;与PCV1参考株的同源性为77.2%~77.9%. 相似文献
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Though epidemiology dates back to the 1700s, most mathematical representations of epidemics still use transmission rates averaged at the population scale, especially for wildlife diseases. In simplifying the contact process, we ignore the heterogeneities in host movements that complicate the real world, and overlook their impact on spatiotemporal patterns of disease burden. Movement ecology offers a set of tools that help unpack the transmission process, letting researchers more accurately model how animals within a population interact and spread pathogens. Analytical techniques from this growing field can also help expose the reverse process: how infection impacts movement behaviours, and therefore other ecological processes like feeding, reproduction, and dispersal. Here, we synthesise the contributions of movement ecology in disease research, with a particular focus on studies that have successfully used movement‐based methods to quantify individual heterogeneity in exposure and transmission risk. Throughout, we highlight the rapid growth of both disease and movement ecology and comment on promising but unexplored avenues for research at their overlap. Ultimately, we suggest, including movement empowers ecologists to pose new questions, expanding our understanding of host–pathogen dynamics and improving our predictive capacity for wildlife and even human diseases. 相似文献
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五种提取马尾松基因组DNA方法的比较 总被引:43,自引:0,他引:43
对于含有大量多糖如酚、酯、萜等其它二次代谢产物的松科和杉科等针叶植物,要从其组织中提取高质量的基因组DNA一般都比较困难。本文以马尾松(pinus massoniana)针叶为材料,分别采取了简易提取法、高盐沉淀法、CTAB沉淀法、Ziegenhagen法和QLAGEN公司DNeasy Plant Mini Kits5种方法提取基因组DNA;并通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳、限制性内切酶自理和RAPD3种方法对 相似文献
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Colin A. Pendry Jan Dick Martin R. Pullan Sabina G. Knees Anthony G. Miller Sophie Neale Mark F. Watson 《Plant Ecology》2007,192(2):161-167
Large-scale biodiversity informatics projects will not properly address the needs of one important potential user group. Ecologists
do not have ready access to datasets which allow them to assign plant species to functional types. We believe that information
technology has developed sufficiently to allow taxonomists and ecologists to work together to address this need and develop
specimen databases to combine taxonomic data with ecological and ecophysiological information so that this information will
be assigned to the correct taxon in the future. Digital images provide a rapid and economical method of vouchering specimen
data, reducing the need to store physical vouchers in herbaria. 相似文献