首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
We compared influxes and internal transport in soybean plants (Glycine max cv. Kingsoy) of labelled N from external solutions where either ammonium or nitrate was labelled with the stable isotope15N and the radioactive isotope13N. The objective was to see whether mass spectrometric determinations of tissue 15N content were sufficiently sensitive to measure influxes accurately over short time periods. Our findings were as follows. (1) There was a close quantitative correspondence between estimates of N influx of individual plants using 15N or 13N measurements with either NO3/? or NH4+ at 4 or 2 mol?3, respectively in the external solution. (2) Transport to the shoot of N from NO3 absorbed over a 5–15 min period could be monitored when the external NO3? concentration ranged from 0–05 to 4 mol m?3. NH4+ as the N source labelled shoot tissue more slowly, and estimates of the transport between root and shoot could be made only with 13N. (3) Influx of NO3? into root tissue could be measured by 15N enrichment after 5–10 min at concentrations approaching the probable KM of the high-affinity transport system. (4) There was some indication of isotope discrimination, especially with respect to the movement of labelled N to the shoot, when NO3? is the N source. For many purposes, 15N tracing can be used satisfactorily to estimate influxes of both NO3? and NH4+ in soybean roots. Use of the short-lived radio nuclide 13N remains the method of choice for more refined measurements of internal distribution and assimilation.  相似文献   

2.
The effect of ambient ammonium (0.5 millimolar [14NH4]2SO4) added to a nutrient solution containing 1.0 millimolar K15NO3, 99 atom per cent 15N, upon [15N]nitrate assimilation and utilization of previously accumulated [14N]nitrate was investigated. Corn seedlings, 5-day-old dark-grown decapitated (experiment I) and 10-day-old light-grown intact (experiment II), which had previously been grown on K14NO3 nutrient solution, were used. In both experiments, the presence of ambient ammonium decreased [15N]nitrate influx (20% after 6 hours) without significantly affecting the efflux of previously accumulated [14N]nitrate. In experiment I, relative reduction of [15N]nitrate (reduction as a percentage of influx) was inhibited more than was [15N]nitrate influx. Nevertheless, in experiment I, where all reduction could be assigned to the root system, the absolute inhibition of reduction during the 12 hours (13 micromoles/root) was less than the absolute inhibition in influx (24 micromoles/root). The data suggest that the influence of ammonium on [15N]nitrate influx could not be totally accounted for by the decrease in the potential driving force which resulted from restricted reduction; an additional impact on the influx process is indicated. Reduction of [15N]nitrate in experiment II after 6 hours accounted for 30 and 18% of the tissue excess 15N in the control and ammonium treatments, respectively. Relative distribution of 15N between roots and exudate (experiment I), or between roots and shoots (experiment II) was not affected by ammonium. On the other hand, the accumulation of [15N]nitrate in roots, shoots, and xylem exudate was enhanced by ammonium treatment compared to the control, whereas the accumulation of reduced 15N was inhibited.  相似文献   

3.
Glutamine is the first major organic product of assimilation of 13NH4+ by tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi) cells cultured on nitrate, urea, or ammonium succinate as the sole source of nitrogen, and of 13NO3 by tobacco cells cultured on nitrate. The percentage of organic 13N in glutamate, and subsequently, alanine, increases with increasing periods of assimilation. 13NO3, used for the first time in a study of assimilation of nitrogen, was purified by new preparative techniques. During pulse-chase experiments, there is a decrease in the percentage of 13N in glutamine, and a concomitant increase in the percentage of 13N in glutamate and alanine. Methionine sulfoximine inhibits the incorporation of 13N from 13NH4+ into glutamine more extensively than it inhibits the incorporation of 13N into glutamate, with cells grown on any of the three sources of nitrogen. Azaserine inhibits glutamate synthesis extensively when 13NH4+ is fed to cells cultured on nitrate. These results indicate that the major route for assimilation of 13NH4+ is the glutamine synthetase-glutamate synthase pathway, and that glutamate dehydrogenase also plays a role, but a minor one. Methionine sulfoximine inhibits the incorporation of 13N from 13NO3 into glutamate more strongly than it inhibits the incorporation of 13N into glutamine, suggesting that the assimilation of 13NH4+ derived from 13NO3 may be mediated solely by the glutamine synthetase-glutamate synthase pathway.  相似文献   

4.
Three techniques for estimating nitrification rates in flooded soils were evaluated in short-term incubation experiments using three soils. The techniques were based on inhibition of either ammonium or nitrite oxidation and 13N isotope dilution. Of four inhibitors of ammonium oxidation evaluated, one (allylthiourea) was ineffective and two (2-ethynylpyridine or phenyl acetylene dissolved in ethanol) promoted immobilization of ammonium. Emulsified 2-ethynylpyridine and acetylene were equally effective inhibitors of ammonium oxidation and had little or no effect on gross rates of N mineralization and immobilization. Four inhibitors of nitrite oxidation were evaluated, but this approach was compromised by the nonspecificity of three of the compounds—potassium cyanide, 2-ethylamino-4-isopropylamino-6-methylthio-s-triazine (ametryne) and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methylurea (DMU)—and by the partial effectiveness of another (potassium chlorate). Two methods based on isotope dilution gave similar estimates of nitrification rates. These rates were similar to those estimated by inhibition of ammonium oxidation in one soil but were lower in the other two soils. In the latter two soils, nitrification of labeled ammonium derived from dissimilatory nitrate reduction resulted in underestimation of nitrification rates by isotope dilution.  相似文献   

5.
Whole-system denitrification in the South Platte River was measured over a 13-month period using an open-channel N2 method and mass-balance measurements. Concentrations of dissolved N2 were measured with high precision by membrane-inlet mass spectrometry and estimates of denitrification were based on the mass flux of N2, after correction for reaeration and groundwater flux. Open-channel estimates of denitrification ranged from 0 to 3.08 g N m–2 d–1 and the mean annual rate was 1.62 g N m–2 d–1, which corresponds to removal of approximately 34% of the nitrate transported by the river over a distance of 18.5 km. Over the same period of time, estimates of denitrification based on mass-balance measurements ranged from 0.29 to 5.25 g N m–2 d–1 and the mean annual rate was 2.11 g N m–2 d–1. The two methods revealed similar seasonal patterns of denitrification the highest rates were measured from late April to August and the lowest rates were in winter. Both methods provide whole-system estimates of denitrification in running waters; where reaeration rate coefficients are low and flux of groundwater is well quantified, the open-channel method has fewer sources of uncertainty and is easier to implement.  相似文献   

6.
The pathways of assimilation of ammonium by pure cultures of symbiont-free Anthoceros punctatus L. and the reconstituted Anthoceros-Nostoc symbiotic association were determined from time-course (5–300 s) and inhibitor experiments using 13NH 4 + . The major product of assimilation after all incubation times was glutamine, whether the tissues were cultured with excess ammonium or no combined nitrogen. The 13N in glutamine was predominantly in the amide-nitrogen position. Formation of glutamine and glutamate by Anthoceros-Nostoc was strongly inhibited by either 1mM methionine sulfoximine (MSX) or 1 mM exogenous ammonium. These data are consistent with the assimilation of 13NH 4 + and formation of glutamate by the glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2)-glutamate synthase (EC 1.4.7.1) pathway in dinitrogen-grown Anthoceros-Nostoc. However, in symbiont-free Anthoceros, grown with 2.5 mM ammonium, formation of glutamine, but not glutamate, was decreased by either MSX or exogenous ammonium. These results indicate that during short incubation times ammonium is assimilated in nitrogenreplete Anthoceros by the activities of both glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.2). In-vitro activities of glutamine synthetase were similar in nitrogen-replete Anthoceros and Anthoceros-Nostoc, indicating that the differences in the routes of glutamate formation were not based upon regulation of synthesis of the initial enzyme of the glutamine synthetase-glutamate synthase pathway. When symbiont-free Anthoceros was cultured for 2 d in the absence of combined nitrogen, total 13NH 4 + assimilation, and glutamine and glutamate formation in the presence of inhibitors, were similar to dinitrogen-grown Anthoceros-Nostoc. The routes of immediate (within 2 min) glutamate formation and ammonium assimilation in Anthoceros were apparently determined by the intracellular levels of ammonium; at low levels the glutamine synthetase-glutamate synthase pathway was predominant, while at high levels independent activities of both glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase were expressed.  相似文献   

7.
Summary The protein human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II) has been isotopically labeled with 2H, 13C and 15N for high-resolution NMR assignment studies and pulse sequence development. To increase the sensitivity of several key 1H/13C/15N triple-resonance correlation experiments, 2H has been incorporated into HCA II in order to decrease the rates of 13C and 1HN T2 relaxation. NMR quantities of protein with essentially complete aliphatic 2H incorporation have been obtained by growth of E. coli in defined media containing D2O, [1,2-13C2, 99%] sodium acetate, and [15N, 99%] ammonium chloride. Complete aliphatic deuterium enrichment is optimal for 13C and 15N backbone NMR assignment studies, since the 13C and 1HN T2 relaxation times and, therefore, sensitivity are maximized. In addition, complete aliphatic deuteration increases both resolution and sensitivity by eliminating the differential 2H isotopic shift observed for partially deuterated CHnDm moieties.  相似文献   

8.
The major radioactive products of the fixation of [13N]N2 by Azolla caroliniana Willd.-Anabaena azollae Stras. were ammonium, glutamine, and glutamate, plus a small amount of alanine. Ammonium accounted for 70 and 32% of the total radioactivity recovered after fixation for 1 and 10 minutes, respectively. The presence of a substantial pool of [13N]N2-derived 13NH4+ after longer incubation periods was attributed to the spatial separation between the site of N2-fixation (Anabaena) and a second, major site of assimilation (Azolla). Initially, glutamine was the most highly radioactive organic product formed from [13N]N2, but after 10 minutes of fixation glutamate had 1.5 times more radiolabel than glutamine. These kinetics of radiolabeling, along with the effects of inhibitors of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase on assimilation of exogenous and [13N]N2-derived 13NH4+, indicate that ammonium assimilation occurred by the glutamate synthase cycle and that glutamate dehydrogenase played little or no role in the synthesis of glutamate by Azolla-Anabaena.  相似文献   

9.
Although organic nitrogen (N) compounds are ubiquitous in soil solutions, their potential role in plant N nutrition has been questioned. We performed a range of experiments on Arabidopsis thaliana genetically modified to enhance or reduce root uptake of amino acids. Plants lacking expression of the Lysine Histidine Transporter 1 (LHT1) displayed significantly lower contents of 13C and 15N label and of U‐13C5,15N2 L‐glutamine, as determined by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry when growing in pots and supplied with dually labelled L‐glutamine compared to wild type plants and LHT1‐overexpressing plants. Slopes of regressions between accumulation of 13C‐labelled carbon and 15N‐labelled N were higher for LHT1‐overexpressing plants than wild type plants, while plants lacking expression of LHT1 did not display a significant regression between the two isotopes. Uptake of labelled organic N from soil tallied with that of labelled ammonium for wild type plants and LHT1‐overexpressing plants but was significantly lower for plants lacking expression of LHT1. When grown on agricultural soil plants lacking expression of LHT1 had the lowest, and plants overexpressing LHT1 the highest C/N ratios and natural δ15N abundance suggesting their dependence on different N pools. Our data show that LHT1 expression is crucial for plant uptake of organic N from soil.  相似文献   

10.
Fungal is a physiological trail and its understanding in the assimilation with the transfer of carbon (C) cum nitrogen (N) or (C/N) to orchid-seedlings have not been determined. Labelled stable isotopes 13C and 15N were used to plan the flow of C and N between orchid plants and mycorrhizal connotations in-terms of bulk transfer for C/N. This study attends to comprehend the mechanism, supporting mycorrhizal fungi which influences on orchid-seedling growth. Determined integration and transfer of C/N from amino acids (AA), ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and sugar for orchid-plant may lead to understand these mechanisms. This current study tries to estimate the importance of organic compounds as a source for C/N over the inorganic-NH4NO3. Generally, after begging of germination and when it is found to be associated to the nutrient resource, organic compound enhance the biomass accumulation of two orchid species. AA significantly increase the mass of 13C assimilated by two species. With amino acids the concentration of 13C in two species was greater than with NH4NO3 and sugar. At another phase, amount of 15N content shoots was a higher value in Anacamptis laxiflora shoots assimilated substantially additional of 15N with NH4NO3 plus sugar compared with ammonium nitrate only. This study showed that two terrestrial orchids species are reliant on organic compounds as a source of carbon and nitrogen more than inorganic compounds.  相似文献   

11.
Gan  Yinbo  Stulen  Ineke  van Keulen  Herman  Kuiper  Pieter J.C. 《Plant and Soil》2004,258(1):281-292
Nitrate N is a major inhibitor of the soybean/Bradyrhizobium symbiosis in legumes and although this inhibition has been studied for many years, as yet no consensus has been reached on the specific and quantitative interactions between nitrate and ammonium supply and N2 fixation. The effect of nitrate and ammonium supply on plant growth, nodulation and N2 fixation capacity during the full growth cycle was investigated in both greenhouse and growth chamber experiments with three soybean genotypes. The results show that a high concentration of mineral N (10 mM), either as nitrate or ammonium or ammonium nitrate significantly suppressed nodule number, nodule dry weight and total N2 fixed per plant of nodulated soybeans. However, lower mineral N concentrations, either 1 mM or 3.75 mM significantly enhanced nodule number, nodule dry weight and total N2 fixed per plant, while specific nodulation (nodule dry weight g–1 root DW, SNOD) and specific N2 fixation (total N2 fixed g–1 root DW, SNF) were significantly reduced, particularly at the early vegetative growth stage V4, compared to the treatment with N2 fixation as the only N source, in both growth chamber and greenhouse experiments. Therefore, we suggest that SNOD or SNF might be better indicators to express the suppressing effect of mineral N addition on nodule performance and N2 fixed. Our studies also showed that ammonium alone was the more efficient N source than either ammonium nitrate or nitrate for soybean, as it resulted in higher biomass accumulation, nodule dry weight, total N accumulation and total N2 fixed by 23, 20, 18 and 44%, respectively, compared to NO3 as the N source.  相似文献   

12.
The mechanism of nitrate uptake for assimilation in procaryotes is not known. We used the radioactive isotope, 13N as NO3 -, to study this process in a prevalent soil bacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens. Cultures grown on ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate failed to take up labeled nitrate, indicating ammonium repressed synthesis of the assimilatory enzymes. Cultures grown on nitrite or under ammonium limitation had measurable nitrate reductase activity, indicating that the assimilatory enzymes need not be induced by nitrate. In cultures with an active nitrate reductase, the form of 13N internally was ammonium and amino acids; the amino acid labeling pattern indicated that 13NO3 - was assimilated via glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase. Cultures grown on tungstate to inactivate the reductase concentrated NO3 - at least sixfold. Chlorate had no effect on nitrate transport or assimilation, nor on reduction in cell-free extracts. Ammonium inhibited nitrate uptake in cells with and without active nitrate reductases, but had no effect on cell-free nitrate reduction, indicating the site of inhibition was nitrate transport into the cytoplasm. Nitrate assimilation in cells grown on nitrate and nitrate uptake into cells grown with tungstate on nitrite both followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with similar K mvalues, 7 M. Both azide and cyanide inhibited nitrate assimilation. Our findings suggest that Pseudomonas fluorescens can take up nitrate via active transport and that nitrate assimilation is both inhibited and repressed by ammonium.  相似文献   

13.
Summary Small differences in N2 fixation by nodulated soybeans (Glycine max. (L.) Merr.), inoculated with various strains ofRhizobium japonicum, were assessed in field experiments using15N methodology, and compared with yields of plant dry matter and total N. Percentage of plant-N derived from atmospheric N2 and from fertilizer, and values of %15N atom excess had lower coefficients of variation than did total N and dry matter yield. Nevertheless the precision of estimates of kg N/ha fixed were sufficient to differentiate only the extremes of the range of strains tested, and there were discrepancies between ranking of strains based on % N derived from fertilizer and on total N yield.  相似文献   

14.
Cyanide assimilation by the β‐cyanoalanine pathway produces asparagine, aspartate and ammonium, allowing cyanide to serve as alternate or supplemental source of nitrogen. Experiments with wheat and sorghum examined the enrichment of 15N from cyanide as a function of external cyanide concentration in the presence or absence of nitrate and/or ammonium. Cyanogenic nitrogen became enriched in plant tissues following exposure to 15N‐cyanide concentrations from 5 to 200 µm , but when exposure occurred in the absence of nitrate and ammonium, 15N enrichment increased significantly in sorghum shoots at solution cyanide concentrations of ≥50 µm and in wheat roots at 200 µm cyanide. In an experiment with sorghum using 13C15N, there was also a significant difference in the tissue 13C:15N ratio, suggestive of differential metabolism and transport of carbon and nitrogen under nitrogen‐free conditions. A reciprocal 15N labelling study using KC15N and 15NH4+ and wheat demonstrated an interaction between cyanide and ammonium in roots in which increasing solution ammonium concentrations decreased the enrichment from 100 µm cyanide. In contrast, with increasing solution cyanide concentrations there was an increase in the enrichment from ammonium. The results suggest increased transport and assimilation of cyanide in response to decreased nitrogen supply and perhaps to ammonium supply.  相似文献   

15.
The incorporation of 15NH4+ as a function of time and concentration was used to estimate ammonium uptake by Caulerpa cupressoides (West) C. Agardh, taken from its habitat on the sediments of Tague Bay lagoon, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. 15N-based uptake rates followed Michaelis-Menten type saturation kinetics; the maximum uptake rate was 8.7 ± 3.0 μmol N/g dry wt·h at 26° C and the half-saturation constant was 48 ± 10 μM (X?± SE). The high half-saturatiaon constant reflects the dependence of Caulerpa on sediment pore waters as a nitrogen source. Calculations of uptake from isotope time course data were compared to estimates made from ammonium depletion. More ammonium disappeared than could be accounted for by the incorporation of 15N in Caulerpa, and isotope dilution of the ammonium pool is shown not to be responsible for underestimates of uptake, primarily because large 15N additions (40–300 μM) were used. It is suggested that either (1) a secondary ammonium sink such as wall sorption or bacterial uptake significantly influenced ammonium concentrations, or (2) 15N was lost as labelled dissolved organic nitrogen or volatilized during 15N sample preparation.  相似文献   

16.
Nitrogen-starved cells of Frankia strain HFPArl3 incorporated [13N]-labeled ammonium into glutamine serine (glutamate, alanine, aspartate), after five-minute radioisotope exposures. High initial endogenous pools of glutamate were reduced, while total glutamine increased, during short term NH inf4 sup+ incubation. Preincubation of cells in methionine sulfoximine (MSX) resulted in [13N]glutamine reduced by more than 80%, while [13N]glutamate and [13N]alanine levels increased. The results suggest that glutamine synthetase is the primary enzyme of ammonium assimilation, and that glutamate dehydrogenase and alanine dehydrogenase may also function in ammonium assimilation at low levels. Efflux of [13N]serine and lesser amounts of [13N]glutamine was detected from the Frankia cells. The identity of both Ser and Gln in the extracellular compartment was confirmed with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Serine efflux may be of significance in nitrogen transfer in Frankia.Abbreviations Pthr phosphothreonine - Aad -amino-adipate - MSX methionine sulfoximine  相似文献   

17.
A pair of HN-methyl NOESY experiments that are based on simultaneous TROSY-type detection of amide and methyl groups is described. The preservation of cross-peak symmetry in the simultaneous 1H–15N/13CH3 NOE spectra enables straightforward assignments of HN-methyl NOE cross-peaks in large and complex protein structures. The pulse schemes are designed to preserve the slowly decaying components of both 1H–15N and methyl 13CH3 spin-systems in the course of indirect evolution (t 2) and acquisition period (t 3) of 3D NOESY experiments. The methodology has been tested on {U-[15N,2H]; Ileδ1-[13CH3]; Leu,Val-[13CH3,12CD3]}-labeled 82-kDa enzyme Malate Synthase G (MSG). A straightforward procedure that utilizes the symmetry of NOE cross-peaks in the time-shared 3D NOE data sets allows unambiguous assignments of more than 300 HN-methyl interactions in MSG from a single 3D data set providing important structural restraints for derivation of the backbone global fold.  相似文献   

18.
Acid-base regulation during ammonium assimilation in Hydrodictyon africanum   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
Abstract The acid-base balance during ammonium (used to mean NH 4+ and/or NH3) assimilation in Hydrodictyon africanum has been measured on cells growing with about 1 mol m?3 ammonium at an external pH of about 6.5. Measurements made included (1) ash alkalinity (corrected for intracellular ammonium) which yields net organic negative charge, (2) the accumulation of organic N in the cells and (3) the change in extracellular H+ (from the pH change and the buffer capacity). These measurements showed that some 0.25 excess organic negative charge (half in the cell wall, half inside the plasmalemma) accumulates per organic N synthesized, while some 1.25H+ accumulate in the medium per organic N synthesized. Granted a permeability (PNH3) of some 10?3 cm s?1, and a finite [NH3] in the cytoplasm of these N-assimilating cells it is likely that most of the ammonium entering these growing cells is as NH 4+. This means that most of the H + appearing in the medium must have originated from inside the cell and have been subjected to active efflux at the plasmalemma: H+ accumulates in the medium equivalent to any NH3 entry by requilibration from exogenous NH 4+. The cell composition (net organic negative charge, organic N content) is very similar in these ammonium-grown cells to that of NO3+grown cells, suggesting that there is no action of a ‘biochemical pH stat’ during longterm assimilation of NO3+in H. africanum. Short-term experiments were carried out at an external pH of 7.2 in which ammonium at various concentrations were supplied to NO3+-grown cells. There was in all cases a rapid influx followed by a slower uptake; at least at the lower concentrations (less than 100 μmol dm?3) the net influx was all attributable to NH4+influx via a uniporter, probably partly short-circuited by a passive NH3 efflux due to intrinsic membrane permeability to NH3. The net ammonium influx was in all cases associated with H+ accumulation in the medium. (1.3-1.7 H + per ammonium taken up); as in the growth experiments, most of the ammonium taken up was assimilated. Determinations of cytoplasmic pH showed either no effect on, or a slight decrease in, pH during ammonium assimilation; the changes that occurred were in the direction expected for actuating a ‘pH-regulating’ change in H+ fluxes.  相似文献   

19.
An empirical model of nitrous oxide emission from agricultural soils has been developed. It is based on the relationship between N2O and three soil parameters – soil mineral N (ammonium plus nitrate) content in the topsoil, soil water‐filled pore space and soil temperature – determined in a study on a fertilized grassland in 1992 and 1993. The model gave a satisfactory prediction of seasonal fluxes in other seasons when fluxes were much higher, and also from other grassland sites and from cereal and oilseed rape crops, over a wide flux range (< 1 to > 20 kg N2O‐N ha?1 y?1). However, the model underestimated emissions from potato and broccoli crops; possible reasons for this are discussed. This modelling approach, based as it is on well‐established and widely used soil measurements, has the potential to provide flux estimates from a much wider range of agricultural sites than would be possible by direct measurement of N2O emissions.  相似文献   

20.
The initial product of fixation of [13N]N2 by pure cultures of the reconstituted symbiotic association between Anthoceros punctatus L. and Nostoc sp. strain ac 7801 was ammonium; it accounted for 75% of the total radioactivity recovered in methanolic extracts after 0.5 min and 14% after 10 min of incubation. Glutamine and glutamate were the primary organic products synthesized from [13N]N2 after incubation times of 0.5–10 min. The kinetics of labeling of these two amino acids were characteristic of a precursor (glutamine) and product (glutamate) relationship. Results of inhibition experiments with methionine sulfoximine (MSX) and diazo-oxonorleucine were also consistent with the assimilation of N2-derived NH 4 + by Anthoceros-Nostoc through the sequential activities of glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2) and glutamate synthase (EC 1.4.7.1), with little or no assimilation by glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.3). Isolated symbiotic Nostoc assimilated exogenous 13NH 4 + into glutamine and glutamate and their formation was inhibited by MSX, indicating operation of the glutamine synthetase-glutamate synthase (GS-GOGAT) pathway: However, relative to free-living cultures, isolated symbiotic Nostoc assimilated 80% less exogenous ammonium into glutamine and glutamate, implying that symbiotic Nostoc could assimilate only a fraction of N2-derived NH 4 + . This implication was tested by using Anthoceros associations reconstituted with wild-type or MSX-resistant strains of Nostoc incubated with [13N]N2 in the presence of MSX. The results of these experiments indicated that, in situ, symbiotic Nostoc assimilated about 10% of the N2-derived NH 4 + and that NH 4 + was made available to Anthoceros tissue where it was apparently assimilated by the GS-GOGAT pathway. Since less than 1% of the fixed N2 was lost to the suspension medium, it appears that transfer of NH 4 + from symbiont to host tissue was very efficient in this extracellular symbiotic association.Abbreviations DON 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine - GDH glutamate dehydrogenase - GOGAT glutamate synthase - GS glutamine synthetase - MSX l-methionine-dl-sulfoximine  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号