Efficient use of gentamycin in treating suppurative puerperal mastitis]

A total of 80 patients with postnatal purulent mastitis were treated with gentamicins. The main causative agent was Staph. aureus resistant to the traditionally used antibiotic and sensitive to gentamicin, fusidin, rifampicin and semisynthetic penicillinase-stable penicillins. Gramnegative bacteria contaminated the purulent foci after opening. Gentamicin was highly effective in treatment of postnatal purulent mastitis in cases with mixed Staphylococcus-Proteus infection.     

Augmentin in the clinical picture of infectious diseases]

Augmentin is a new combination manufactured by Smith Kline Beecham (Great Britain). It is composed of amoxycillin and clavulanic acid and has antibacterial activity. Augmentin was used in clinical trials in the therapy of 50 adult patients with suppurations after surgical operations on the organs of the abdominal cavity, general staphylococcal infections, pneumonia and prophylactically during the preoperative period. It was also used in the treatment of 30 children patients with bronchopulmonary affections and inflammatory otorhinolaryngological diseases. The clinical trials were performed in the Clinic of Infectious Diseases of the N. G. Gabrichevski? Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology. For comparison ampicillin was used in the trials. Augmentin was shown to be an efficient formulation with antibacterial activity which could be successfully used in the parenteral therapy of severe affections due to organisms sensitive to it. In the treatment of the children patients with pneumonia augmentin by its therapeutic efficacy proved to be superior to ampicillin. The tolerance of augmentin was good.     

Treatment of chronic endometritis in dairy cows with an intrauterine application of enzymes. A field trial

The use of proteolytic enzymes has been established in the non-antibiotic treatment of mastitis in dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate, if enzymes are efficacious in the treatment of chronic endometritis. In a controlled field trial, cows with vaginal discharge 21-27 days in milk (DIM) were randomly assigned to two treatment groups. Endometritis was classified into three categories, depending on the type of vaginal discharge: clear mucus with flakes of pus (E1), mucopurulent discharge or fluctuating contents in the uterus (E2), and purulent discharge (E3). In group ENZYMES (n=191), cows received an intrauterine treatment with a salve containing the enzymes trypsin (16 mg), chymotrypsin (16 mg), and papain (8 mg). Cows in group PGF (n=225) were treated with 0.5mg of cloprostenol. Cows that did not show any clinical signs of chronic endometritis were regarded as healthy control group (HC, n=699). In groups ENZYMES and PGF, all cows were re-examined 35-41 DIM. In group ENZYMES, cows were re-treated with enzymes if signs of endometritis were found, while in group PGF all cows received a second dose of cloprostenol, regardless of their clinical findings. Cure rate after the first treatment, defined as the absence of vaginal discharge at the re-examinations, was 59.7 and 68.0% in groups ENZYMES and PGF, respectively (P>0.05). Reproductive performance measures showed no significant differences between the two treatment groups. Service rate was significantly lower for ENZYMES and PGF, respectively, compared to HC. Conception rates to all services and percentages of cows pregnant by 250 DIM were significantly lower in group ENZYMES compared to HC, while no further differences were found between PGF and HC. In both treatment groups, cure rate and reproductive performance measures were better for cows categorized E1 or E2, than for cows categorized E3, respectively. Conception rate to all services for cows with endometritis category E1 was higher in group PGF than in group ENZYMES (P<0.05). The results of this field trial suggest that prostaglandin F(2alpha) is still the treatment of choice for chronic endometritis in dairy cattle.     

Endometritis treatment with a PGF2alpha analog does not improve reproductive performance in a large dairy herd in Argentina

In Argentina, most dairy cows with endometritis are treated with prostaglandin (PGF(2alpha) or its analogs) and insemination is withheld until there are no signs of endometritis. The objective of the present study was to evaluate if this method of managing endometritis enhances reproductive performance. Three experiments were conducted over 4 years in a large farm in the west of Buenos Aires province. In Experiment 1, half of the cows diagnosed with endometritis (>1.5-fold difference in diameter of uterine horns, as determined by rectal palpation) received standard endometritis management (treatment with tiaprost, a PGF(2alpha) analog, rectal palpation every 20 days, and withholding of AI until endometritis apparently resolved) and the other half was untreated, with AI at the first estrus after the voluntary waiting period. Untreated cows were inseminated and conceived 20 days earlier than treated cows, and the pregnancy rate by Day 90 postpartum was higher in the untreated group. In Experiment 2, cows with endometritis were divided into four groups according to the severity of symptoms; within each group, cows were allocated to treatment or control, as in Experiment 1. Although first service conception rate decreased as endometritis severity increased, reproductive performance in treated versus control cows was similar to that of Experiment 1 (with no interaction due to degree of endometritis). Re-evaluation of the treated cow (to confirm uterine "normality") may have been responsible for the delay in conception in both experiments. The objective of Experiment 3 was to determine the effects of tiaprost treatment on clinically normal postpartum cows (no evidence of endometritis). Tiaprost treatment reduced the interval from calving to conception in multiparous cows, but it delayed conception and reduced the conception rate in primiparous cows. In conclusion, treatment with tiaprost impaired reproductive performance in primiparous cows (in the absence of endometritis). Furthermore, the standard treatment for endometritis (treatment with a prostaglandin analog and withholding insemination until clinical signs abated) impaired reproductive performance and increased costs.     

State of the blood coagulating system in the treatment of puerperal infections using semisynthetic penicillins and cephaloridine]

The effect of some semi-synthetic penicillins, such as methicillin and oxacillin and cephalosporings, such as cephaloridin on the condition of the blood coagulation system in 85 patients with postnatal mastitis and endomyometritis was studied. It was shown that the above antibiotics had no significant effect on the parameters of the blood coagulating system. A decrease in the fibrinogen level was found in the mastitis patients treated with semi-synthetic penicillins and cephaloridin. An increase in the prothrombins index in the patients treated with methicillin oxacillin was shown. The use of the semi-synthetic penicillins and cephaloridin for the therapy of the puerpera with endomyometritis resulted in prolongation of the recalcification period. A decrease in the fibrinolytic activity most pronounced in therapy with cephaloridin was also found. Therefore, the above changes in the blood coagulating system of the puerpera with postnatal infections subjected to short-term treatment courses were insignificant and required no special correction.     

Relationship between endotoxin and prostaglandin (PGE2 and PGFM) concentrations and ovarian function in dairy cows with puerperal endometritis

Blood concentrations of progesterone, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2alpha (PGFM) and endotoxin, and uterine fluid concentrations of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), PGFM and endotoxin were evaluated in 14 dairy cows with puerperal endometritis (mild (n=6) and heavy (n=8)). Endotoxin was measured using a quantitative kinetic assay. Cows with heavy endometritis had significantly higher concentrations of plasma PGFM (P<0.01) and uterine fluid PGE(2) and endotoxin (P<0.05) than cows with mild endometritis. Concentrations of PGFM in plasma and uterine fluid, of PGFM and PGE(2), and PGE(2) and endotoxin in uterine fluid were positively and significantly (P<0.05) correlated. The presence of endotoxin in plasma was detected in one out of six mild and in eight out of eight heavy endometritis cows. Peak plasma endotoxin concentrations (0.08-9.14 endotoxin units/ml (EU/ml) were observed between 1 and 12 days postpartum (pp) and thereafter amounts generally remained below 0.1 EU/ml (last day of detection: Day 27 pp). Abnormal ovarian function was observed in six cows (four with prolonged anoestrus and two with long luteal phase after the first postpartum ovulation). Plasma endotoxin concentrations were detected in the anoestric cows. The results suggest that: (i) concentrations of uterine fluid endotoxin and PGE(2) and of plasma PGFM are related to the degree of endometritis; (ii) absorption of endotoxin from the uterus to the bloodstream occurs, mainly in heavy endometritis cows; and (iii) there is a relationship between uterine infection, endotoxin production and resumption of pp ovarian activity.     

Course of blood pressure in mild hypertensives after withdrawal of long term antihypertensive treatment. Medical Research Council Working Party on Mild Hypertension.

A series of 1418 men and 1,347 women with mild hypertension (diastolic phase V 90-109 mm Hg) aged 35-64 who had either had long term antihypertensive treatment with bendrofluazide or propranolol or taken placebo tablets for a similar period were randomly allocated to groups in which their tablets were either stopped or continued. The course of blood pressure and of biochemical variables was followed up for two years. Mean blood pressures rose rapidly after the withdrawal of active treatment, and between nine months and one year after stopping treatment the antihypertensive effect had almost disappeared. The effect persisting longer than this, and possibly due to resetting of the baroreceptors or of other blood pressure control mechanisms, was very small, and as the rise in mean pressure was due to an upward movement in general distribution there was no evidence of a subgroup in whom these mechanisms had been permanently reset to a clinically important extent. After withdrawal of propranolol the rise in pressure was more rapid in younger than in older people. After stopping bendrofluazide pressure rose more rapidly in men who had had higher pressures before and during treatment; this effect was not seen in women. Disturbances in biochemical variables associated with drug treatment had largely resolved by the end of two years after withdrawal. Stopping placebo tablets made no consistent difference to blood pressure.     

Toll-like receptors and their role in animal reproduction

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved innate immune receptors that recognize pathogen specific molecular pattern (PAMPs) in an efficient, non-self-reactive manner and initiate specific immune signaling that culminates in triggering antigen-specific adaptive responses. Different TLR genes in domestic animal species have been characterized and accumulating evidence from recent studies indicates an extended role for TLR signaling in reproductive physiology. In females, TLRs have been implicated in the regulation of ovulation, fertilization, gestation and parturition, as well as in pathological conditions such as endometritis and mastitis. In males, TLRs play a role in steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. Use of TLR agonists has also been shown to be effective in the treatment of certain reproductive tract infections. Moreover, gene polymorphisms in TLRs have been associated with mastitis providing evidence that TLRs can potentially be exploited as markers in future breeding programs. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive treatise on role of TLRs in male and female reproductive physiology and associated pathology in domestic livestock.     

Efficacy of Targeted 5-day Combined Parenteral and Intramammary Treatment of Clinical Mastitis Caused by Penicillin-Susceptible or Penicillin-Resistant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Staphylococcus aureus</Emphasis>

Combined parenteral and intramammary treatment of mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus was compared to parenteral treatment only. Cows with clinical mastitis (166 mastitic quarters) caused by S. aureus treated by veterinarians of the Ambulatory Clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine during routine farm calls were included. Treatment was based on in vitro susceptibility testing of the bacterial isolate. Procaine penicillin G (86 cases due to β -lactamase negative strains) or amoxycillin-clavulanic acid (24 cases due to β -lactamase positive strains) was administered parenterally and intramammarily for 5 days. Efficacy of treatments was assessed 2 and 4 weeks later by physical examination, bacteriological culture, determination of CMT, somatic cell count and NAGase activity in milk. Quarters with growth of S. aureus in at least one post-treatment sample were classified as non-cured. As controls we used 41 clinical mastitis cases caused by penicillin-susceptible S. aureus isolates treated with procaine penicillin G parenterally for 5 days and 15 cases due to penicillin-resistant isolates treated with spiramycin parenterally for 5 days from the same practice area. Bacteriological cure rate after the combination treatment was 75.6% for quarters infected with penicillin-susceptible S. aureus isolates, and 29.2% for quarters infected with penicillin-resistant isolates. Cure rate for quarters treated only parenterally with procaine penicillin G was 56.1% and that for quarters treated with spiramycin 33.3%. The difference in cure rates between mastitis due to penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-resistant S. aureus was highly significant. Combined treatment was superior over systemic treatment only in the β -lactamase negative group.     

Effect of source of supplemental selenium on uterine health and embryo quality in high-producing dairy cows

Lactating Holstein cows (n = 135) were randomly assigned to one of the two sources of supplemental selenium (Se), sodium selenite (SS) or Se yeast (SY), fed at 0.3 mg/kg diet dry matter from 25 d before calving to 70 d in milk (DIM), in diets not suboptimal in basal Se concentrations. Cows were evaluated for health daily in the first 10 DIM, and uterine cytology of the previously gravid uterine horn was assessed at 30 DIM. The Ovsynch protocol was initiated at 42 DIM; ovarian responses to hormonal treatments were evaluated by ultrasonography. The uteri of cows were flushed 6 d after timed AI for collection of embryos and oocytes. Plasma concentrations of Se and progesterone were measured throughout the postpartum period and during the reproductive protocol, respectively, and plasma glutathione peroxidase activity was determined 6 d after AI. Concentrations of Se in pre- and postpartum diets ranged from 0.43 to 0.56 mg/kg of dry matter. Incidence of retained placenta, fever, ketosis, mastitis, acute puerperal metritis, clinical endometritis, and subclinical endometritis were not significantly different between treatments. There were no differences between groups in concentrations of Se and progesterone or glutathione peroxidase activity in plasma. Treatment did not influence ovarian responses to the synchronization protocol, fertilization rate, number of blastomeres and live blastomeres, or proportions of grades 1 and 2, degenerated, and degenerated-unfertilized embryos/oocytes. Odds of subclinical endometritis on Day 30 postpartum more than doubled in cows with fever of unknown origin or acute puerperal metritis in the first 10 DIM. Fertilization rate tended to be reduced in cows with subclinical endometritis. In summary, replacing SS with an organic source of Se in diets not suboptimal in basal Se concentrations did not improve Se status, uterine health, fertilization, or embryo quality in early lactation dairy cows.     

Spontaneous recovery or persistence of postpartum endometritis and risk factors for its persistence in Holstein cows

It has been stated that postpartum endometritis in dairy cows has a tendency to cure without intervention. The objectives of this field study, therefore, were to determine the proportions of cows with spontaneous clinical recovery or persistence of postpartum endometritis and to determine some risk factors for its persistency in dairy cows (Bos taurus). Holstein-Friesian cows (n = 441 lactations) from seven dairy herds were examined monthly by vaginoscopy and transrectal palpation. A cow was considered to have “postpartum endometritis” if it had pus in the cervico-vaginal discharge at the first postpartum examination during Days 15 to 60 (Day 0 = day of calving); this was classified as mild, mucopurulent, or purulent endometritis, or endometritis with fluid in uterus. Furthermore, a cow with evidence of endometritis at least once during Days 61 to 150 was considered to have “persistence (or recurrence) of endometritis.” A total of 104 (23.6%) lactations had postpartum endometritis, of which 25.3% had persistence or recurrence of clinical endometritis. Cows with persistence or recurrence of endometritis became pregnant at a slower rate (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.28; P < 0.001) than those with no endometritis until Day 150. Calving in summer (odds ratio [OR] = 7.00; P = 0.04), early postpartum complications (OR = 6.58; P = 0.05), moderate (OR = 4.03; P = 0.08) and severe (OR = 30.99; P = 004) degrees of urovagina, and mucopurulent (OR = 9.54; P = 0.02) and purulent (OR = 5.70; P = 0.04) endometritis were risk factors for the persistence or recurrence of endometritis. Furthermore, 10.6% of cows that had not shown signs of postpartum endometritis had a new diagnosis of endometritis during Days 61 to 150. Some risk factors for the new diagnosis of endometritis beyond Day 60 were early postpartum complications (OR = 2.82; P = 0.03) and moderate (OR = 5.00; P = 0.001) or severe (OR = 12.63; P < 0.001) degrees of urovagina. In conclusion, approximately one quarter of cows with postpartum endometritis had persistence of endometritis until or beyond the breeding period. Risk factors for the persistence of clinical endometritis were summer calving, early postpartum complications, clinically relevant urovagina, and clinically relevant endometritis within 2 mo postpartum.     

The characteristics of the microflora isolated in bovine endometritis]

117 pure bacterial cultures of numerous species isolated by the authors at acute postnatal pyo-catarrhal cattle endometritis have been studied for their virulence and resistance to 18 antibiotics with the aim to determine their etiologic role in the development of the given pathology and to make a prediction estimation of possible therapeutic and preventive efficiency of the antibiotics. The experiments on white mice have revealed pathogenic properties and virulence in most studied strains of bacteria of different species. The studied microflora is, mainly, resistant practically to all 18 tested antibiotics. A direct dependence is established between virulence of the microflora, isolated in case of endometritis, and its resistance to antibiotics.     

大鼠子宫内膜炎模型复制及其中西药复方乳剂治疗

目的人工复制大鼠子宫内膜炎模型;应用自制中西药复方乳剂对子宫内膜炎模型大鼠进行治疗。方法对实验大鼠子宫眼观病变、子宫内容物及单侧子宫指数进行检查,对实验大鼠子宫进行病理组织学检查。结果应用3％冰乙酸对大鼠子宫进行刺激,第4天对大鼠子宫接种混合病原菌,能够稳定复制大鼠子宫内膜炎模型;中西药复方乳剂能明显降低大鼠子宫内细菌浓度、种类及单侧子宫系数,能明显减轻子宫的病理变化。结论中西药复方乳剂对子宫内膜炎模型大鼠有良好的治疗作用。     

The effect of a single administration of cephapirin or cloprostenol on the reproductive performance of dairy cows with subclinical endometritis

This study examined the effect of a single administration of cephapirin iu or cloprostenol im on the reproductive performance of dairy cows with subclinical endometritis. Cows (n = 228) at 20-33 days in milk (DIM) from two commercial dairy farms, determined to be normal for clinical endometritis (based on absence of abnormal uterine discharge on vaginoscopic examination) were enrolled. At enrollment, a thorough reproductive examination was performed, including rectal palpation, ultrasonography (US) and endometrial cytology (EC). The case definition for subclinical endometritis was the presence of >18% neutrophils on EC examination or fluid in uterus (FIU) on US examination. All cows were randomly assigned to receive one of three treatments: 500 mg benzathine cephapirin iu, 500 microg cloprostenol im, or control (no treatment). Reproductive performance was monitored for a minimum of 8 months after treatment. Cows with subclinical endometritis treated with cephapirin or cloprostenol had a significantly increased relative pregnancy rate compared to control [hazard ratios 1.89 (P = 0.01) and 1.70 (P = 0.05), respectively]. In conclusion, a single treatment with cephapirin or cloprostenol at 20-33 DIM significantly improved the reproductive performance of cows with subclinical endometritis.     

Genome sequences of two Staphylococcus aureus ovine strains that induce severe (strain O11) and mild (strain O46) mastitis

Staphylococcus aureus is a major etiological agent of mastitis in ruminants. We report here the genome sequences of two ovine strains that were isolated from gangrenous (strain O11) and subclinical (strain O46) ewe mastitis. Both strains belong to the same clonal complex. Despite this close genotypic relationship, the two isolates were shown to reproducibly induce highly divergent types of infections, either severe (O11) or mild (O46) mastitis, in an experimental ewe model.     

The antimicrobial activity of Augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid) compared to other antibacterial agents]

Sensitivity of clinical strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria to Augmentin was studied in comparison to other antibiotics. Augmentin was shown to be advantageous in the level and spectrum of its antibacterial activity over ampicillin and other broad-spectrum antibiotics.     

Involvement of the plasminogen activation system in cow endometritis

The objectives of this study were to investigate the: (a) presence and activity of components of the "plasminogen activators/plasmin" system in dairy cows with or without endometritis; (b) variations in enzyme activity according to the degree of endometritis; and (c) associations between these enzymes and changes in endometrial histology after intrauterine antibiotic treatment. Endometrial biopsies were collected from anestrus (no palpable ovarian structures and milk progesterone <1 ng/ml) Holstein cows, 30-40 days postpartum. On the basis of a vaginoscopic examination, rectal palpation of the cervix and uterus, and endometrial histology, there were 92 cows with endometritis and 20 cows without endometritis. After biopsy collection, each cow was given an intrauterine infusion of 1.5x10(6) IU of procaine penicillin G. In cows with endometritis, genital tract examinations and biopsies were repeated 2 weeks later. Both plasminogen activators (PAs), tissue type (t-PA) and urokinase (u-PA), were immunologically identified in all uterine biopsies. Plasminogen activator activity (PAA) increased, whereas plasminogen activator inhibition (PAI) and plasmin inhibition (PI) decreased in proportion to the degree of inflammation. Two weeks after intrauterine treatment, PAA had decreased significantly in all cows that had reduced severity of endometrial inflammation and had increased significantly in all cows with increased severity of inflammation. The change in the degree of inflammation depended upon plasminogen activator activity; cows with higher PAA were more likely to improve. In conclusion, there was evidence for a role of the plasminogen activation proteolytic system in bovine endometritis.     

Using vaginal discharge score (VDS) grading system to evaluate the effect of clinical endometritis on reproductive performance of dairy cows in China

Clinical endometritis (CE) is a major cause in affecting the reproductive performance of dairy cows. The objectives of this study were to ascertain the prevalence of CE and to evaluate the effect of CE on reproductive performance in dairy cows using vaginal discharge score (VDS) grading system. 803 dairy cows were examined by vaginoscope with 4-point VDS at 26 ± 3 days in milk (DIM) and classified into six groups: non-endometritis with VDS 0 (control; CON), endometritis with VDS 1 (MEM), non-treated endometritis with VDS 2 (NTME), treated endometritis with VDS 2 (TME), non-treated endometritis with VDS 3 (NTPE), and treated endometritis with VDS 3 (TPE). Cows in TME and TPE groups were treated with 200 mL of 50% dextrose solution by intrauterine infusion. The prevalence of CE was 33% at 26 ± 3 DIM. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed cows in MEM, NTME and NTPE groups had a less likelihood of first artificial insemination (AI) pregnancy than those in CON group (P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival curves for days open were statistically different (P = 0.004). In Cox regression model, cows in NTME and NTPE groups had a reduced pregnancy rate than those in CON group (P < 0.05). The hazard of pregnancy in NTME group was lower than that in TME group (P = 0.044). Similarly, it was lower for the hazard of pregnancy in NTPE group than in TPE group (P = 0.048). Cows in MEM, NTME, and NTPE groups required more services per pregnancy than those in CON group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, CE examined by the VDS grading system impaired reproductive performance, and mild endometritis with VDS 1 should be treated in the early postpartum period to ameliorate fertility in dairy herds.     

Augmentin<Superscript>®</Superscript> as an alternative antibiotic for growth suppression of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Agrobacterium</Emphasis> for tomato (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lycopersicon esculentum</Emphasis>) transformation

Augmentin^® was used as an alternative antibiotic for suppressing Agrobacterium tumefaciens during tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) transformation. The efficiency of Augmentin compared with Timentin^® to suppress the growth of Agrobacterium was at concentrations of 300 and 100 mg l^–1, respectively. In addition, the high concentration up to 500 mg l^–1 of both antibiotics showed no significant toxicity to shoot regeneration. The overgrowth of Agrobacterium was observed on tomato shoots regenerated on medium containing cefotaxime even at high concentration up to 500 mg l^–1. Moreover, shoot regeneration from medium containing cefotaxime was lower than the one from medium containing Timentin and Augmentin. However, we found that Timentin was more stable than Augmentin when stored as a mixed stock solution and kept at –20°C freezer. In order to increase the efficiency of Augmentin, we recommended the use of Augmentin at a concentration of 300 mg l^–1 with fresh preparation prior to use. Therefore, Augmentin can be used as another antibiotic for suppression of bacterial growth with comparative efficiency as Timetin for tomato transformation.     

Baogong decoction treats endometritis in mice by regulating uterine microbiota structure and metabolites

Endometritis is persistent inflammation caused by bacteria, which can lead to infertility. Although traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat endometritis, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Here, Baogong Decoction (BGD), a TCM compound, was used to treat mouse endometritis induced by Escherichia coli (E. coli), and then 16S rRNA sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics were used to investigate the change of uterine microbiota and metabolomes in serum and uterine after BGD treatment. Finally, the therapeutic effect of potential metabolites for treating mouse endometritis screened by combined omics analyses was verified using pathological model. The results showed that BGD treatment could effectively treat endometritis associated with the increasing relative abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus and Lactococcus, and the decreasing relative abundance of Cupriavidus and Proteobacteria. 133 and 130 metabolites were found to be potential biomarkers in serum and uterine tissue respectively. In serum and tissues, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and catechol were significantly increased in the BGD treatment versus the inflammation group. Results of combined omics analyses demonstrated that DHEA was positively correlated with changes in microbiota. Results of pathological model demonstrated that DHEA could cure endometritis effectively associated with the decreasing infiltration of inflammatory cells and expression of inflammatory factors in the uterus. In summary, our results demonstrated that BGD could cure endometritis in mice by modulating the structure of the uterine microbiota and its metabolites, in which DHEA may be one of the main components of the therapeutic effect of BGD.