杂交稻核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶的动力学性质

在ｐＨ８．０和３０℃的条件下测定了杂交稻ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶的动力学常数,纯化酶测定值与粗酶快速测定值无明显差异。１２种不同组合的三系杂交稻（Ｆ１）其ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶动力学常数差异不大,Ｋｍ（ＣＯ２）和Ｖｍａｘ的平均值与普通栽培品种也无显著差异。杂交稻汕优６３号ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶的动力学常数和酶蛋白含量与父本恢复系相类似,而母本不育系的Ｖｍａｘ和酶蛋白含量均较高。     

杂交稻核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶的动力学性质

在ｐＨ８．０和３０Ｃ的条件下测定了杂交稻ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶的动力学常数,纯化酶测定值与粗酶快速测定值无明显差异。１２种不同组合的三系杂交稻其ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶动力学常数差不大,Ｋｍ（ＣＯ２）和Ｔｍａｘ的平均值与普通栽培品种也无显著差异。杂交稻汕优６３号ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶的动力学常数和酶蛋白含量与父本恢复系相类似,枰本不育系的Ｔｍａｘ和酶蛋白含量均较高。     

双磷酸核酮糖羧化酶和果糖双磷酸酯酶合成的光调节

用红光(650nm)或远红光(740nm)照射后,测定了黄化芥菜子叶中活化状态下核酮糖1,5-二磷酸羧化酶(RuBPCase,E.C.4.1.1,39),果糖1,6-二磷酸酯酶(FBPase,E.C.3.1.3.11)和景天庚酮糖1,6-二磷酸酯酶(SBPase,E.C.3,1.3.37)的酶活性。叶片对光的反应表明存在光敏感期。在光敏感期的红光可使 RuBPCase 和 FBPase 合成,但对 SBPase 的合成没有影响。红光的这种作用可被远红光逆转,所以红光对这两种酶的合成的启动是通过光敏色素而实现的。在超过阈值的光下,酶合成的量与光量子数无关,光敏色素只影响酶合成的启动,但是酶的持续合成还要依赖其它因素。     

二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶(RuBPCase)及其亚基的免疫化学特异性

用菠菜和苜蓿二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶(RuBPcase)的抗体对八种植物的(RuBPCase)作双向免疫扩散反应,其免疫沉淀线均是部分交叉的(以菠菜和苜蓿KuBPCase为参照抗原)。不同品种的菠菜RuBPCase对同一品种菠菜RuBPCase抗体和不同品种苜蓿RuBPCase对同一品种苜蓿RuBPCase抗体的双向免疫扩散沉淀线均完全融合。各种植物的RuBPCase对菠菜RuBPCase大亚单位抗体的双向免疫扩散沉淀线都是完全融合的。因此植物种间RuBPCase免疫化学决定簇差异决定于小亚基上,而同一种内不同品种间酶的小亚基无免疫化学决定簇的差异。     

菠菜二磷酸核酮糖(RuBP)羧化酶简化提纯研究

菠菜叶粗提液在50～70℃下进行不同温度保温试验,观察到菠菜RuBP羧化酶在60℃以下都是稳定的,而其他不少蛋白在50℃热处理时就急剧变性沉淀。在不同pH条件下60℃加热10分钟,RuBP羧化酶在pH6.8～9均影响不大,低于pH6.8其他蛋白绝大部分变性沉淀,在pH6.8以上,其他蛋白的残存含量随pH升高而增加。故分离提纯RuBP羧化酶时,选定菠菜叶匀浆热处理的最适条件:pH为6.8,温度为60℃保温10分钟。然后于2500g离心10分钟,上清液于35～45％饱和度硫酸铵分部沉淀,再经Sephadex G-50和G-200柱层析可达到纯化。     

二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶／加氧酶装配研究进展

本文对Rubis CO大、小亚基在叶绿体和大肠杆菌中的合成,装配,酶的体外重组以及亚基结合蛋白的性质和作用等进行了综述,并对这个领域的研究前景作了展望。     

核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶(Rubisco)

文章就核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶(Rubisco)的分布、结构、性质、分类与功能的研究进展作了介绍。     

河西走廊芦苇在不同盐渍生境中RuBP羧化酶的比较研究

对不同盐渍生境中芦苇的ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶结构的研究表明,不同类型芦苇的ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶大、小亚基分子量相同,但盐化草甸芦苇和过渡地带芦苇与沼泽芦苇相比,ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶的亲水氨基酸相对含量增加,疏水氨基酸相对含量降低,酶分子被ＰＣＭＢ滴定的ＳＨ基数亦显著减少．表明芦苇的ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶结构发生了变化,反映出该酶有基因表达的环境适应．     

植物磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶的可逆胍变性

纯化的高梁叶片磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEP羧化酶)经不同浓度的盐酸胍处理变性失活后,在试验的蛋白浓度范围内,它的失活时间进程的动力学分析表明为一级反应。0.4 M盐酸胍处理25分钟后(O℃),酶的催化活性完全丧失,酶蛋白的远紫外圆二色性光谱、内源荧光光谱及免疫特异性等测定均表明酶的结构发生了深刻变化。甘油及PEP羧化酶的变构效应剂G6P和甘氨酸对酶在盐酸胍溶液中的变性作用有一定的保护效果。变性酶用复性缓冲液稀释20倍后,在最佳条件下,再经30分钟保温,酶的催化活性能恢复70％以上。G6P和甘氨酸能促进变性酶的复性,甘油亦有明显效果。随着酶活性的恢复,它的远紫外圆二色性、内源荧光及免疫特异性也随之恢复,变性酶的复性速率在常温下(25℃)比在低温下(0℃)要快得多。     

OPTIMIZATION OF AN IMMUNOFLUORESCENT ASSAY OF THE INTERNAL ENZYME RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE (RUBISCO) IN SINGLE PHYTOPLANKTON CELLS1

Immunochemical probes are widely used to identih different species and to quantify and understand the role that different antigens play within cells. We optimized a single-cell immunofluorescent assay for the carbon fixation enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) in order to quantify the enzyme by flow cytometry in phytoplankton cells. The criteria for optimization of the immunofluorescent assay for Rubisco in single cells included maximization of Rubisco immunogenicity, minimization of Rubisco diffusion out of the cells, minimization of cell breakage, and maximization of the cell labeling. Several fixatives (cross-linkers and denaturing) and permeabilizing agents were tested on 26 species of phytoplankton. The only fixative / permeabilizing agent that fulfilled the criteria established for the assay was 96% ethanol. Phytoplankton cells collected from the field needed further treatment with a strong oxidant to permeabilize ethanolfixed cells and thus allow the antibody probe to access the Rubisco antigen. This study should have a general applicability to the study of other soluble photosynthetic antigens in single phytoplankton cells.     

几种CAM植物PEP羧化酶同工酶的比较研究

比较研究几种兼性和专一性ＣＡＭ植物材料的ＰＥＰＣ同工酶表明：经自然干旱诱导,兼性ＣＡＭ植物露花（Ｍｅｓｅｍｂｒｙａｎｔｈｅｍｕｍｃｏｒｄｉｆｏｌｉｕｍ）、长药景天（Ｓｕｄｕｍｓｐｅｃｔａｂｉｌｅ）有新的ＰＥＰＣ同工酶的出现,诱导前后各同工酶的天然分子量变化不大;而土三七（Ｓｅｄｕｍａｉｚｏｏｎ）则没有新的ＰＥＰＣ同工酶出现,但诱导后其同工酶的天然分子量有所增大。以上几种兼性ＣＡＭ植物的ＰＥＰＣ同工酶酶谱无明显昼夜变化。专一性ＣＡＭ植物的ＰＥＰＣ酶谱和天然分子量均较一致,亦无昼夜差异。     

菠萝叶片的稳定碳同位素比与PEP羧化酶及PEP羧激酶活性

专性景天酸代谢（ＣＡＭ）植物菠萝（Ａｎａｎａｓｃｏｍ ｏｓｕｓ （Ｌ．） Ｍｅｒｒ．）的下数第５ 到第３５ 位叶为材料,研究稳定性碳素同位素（δ１３Ｃ）值,磷酸稀醇式丙酮酸（ＰＥＰ）羧化酶和ＰＥＰ羧激酶活性的变化。１１ 个不同叶位叶片的δ１３Ｃ值平均为－ １２．９４‰,最大变幅相差－ ２．０６‰。两个酶的活性呈单峰形变化,第８—１１ 位叶的活性最高,低位叶的酶活下降。本试验条件下,ＰＥＰ羧激酶平均活性比ＰＥＰ羧化酶高３．４ 倍。结果表明,ＣＡＭ 植物的暗下羧化与光下脱羧之间具有一定的协调性。老叶虽然酶活较低,但总的看来,ＣＡＭ 水平变化不大     

茉莉酸甲酯对水稻幼苗光合作用的影响

２．５×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ茉莉酸甲酯处理水稻（ＯｒｙｚａｓａｔｉｖａＬ．）幼苗叶片,可明显地降低Ｃｈｌａ、Ｃｈｌｂ的含量及叶片的光合速率,抑制ＲｕＢＰＣａｓｅ的活性,抑制幼苗叶片中ＲｕｂｉｓＣＯ大亚基的合成,降低小亚基的含量。对幼苗叶片中叶绿素含量、叶片的光合速率及ＲｕＢＰＣａｓｅ的活性没有影响。     

NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE OF THE GENES FOR RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE LARGE SUBUNIT AND RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S14 FROM A CHLORELLA-LIKE GREEN ALGA1

Two chloroplast genes were sequenced from an exsymbiotic strain of a eukaryotic, Chlorella-like green alga. The genes for the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcL) and the ribosomal protein S14 (rps14) were oriented in the same direction and were separated by 402 bp. The rbcLs of the exsymbiont and a free living Chlorella ellipsoidea were compared with other reported rbcL sequences. The rbcL gene of the exsymbiont is closely related to that of free-living Chlorella ellipsoidea. This is the first published report of an rps 14 gene sequence from an alga.     

芦苇叶中Rubisco对干旱生境的响应

从分布于甘肃省河西走廓的沼泽芦苇和沙丘芦苇叶中提纯的Ｒｕｂｉｓｃｏ,大、小、小亚基分子量无明显变化,但沙丘芦苇与沼泽芦苇与沼泽芦苇相比较,Ｒｕｂｉｓｃｏ的氨基酸组成中,亲水性氨基酸相对含量增加,疏水性氨基酸相对含量减少,酶分子的疏水性降低,且酶分子中可被ＰＣＭＢ滴定的ＳＨ基数仅为沼泽芦苇的５０％。这说明,芦苇在长期适应沙丘干旱生境过程中,其Ｒｕｂｉｓｃｏ无论在结构与功能上,均发生有适应性的改变。     

Photosynthesis in Polyploid Tall Fescue : II. PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RIBULOSE-1, 5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE OF POLYPLOID TALL FESCUE

Net photosynthesis on a leaf area and leaf weight basis increased significantly with ploidy in a 4X, 6X, 8X and 10X allopolyploid series of tail fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Total protein did not increase significantly with ploidy. Rocket immunoelectrophoresis was used to quantitate ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) protein. RuBPCase content, expressed on both a concentration basis and as a percentage of total protein increased significantly with ploidy in both field and greenhouse experiments. The range of RuBPCase content was 16 to 73% of total protein and 2.8 and 6.5 mg/ml of extract. Specific activity of RuBPCase did not increase significantly with ploidy. Chlorophyll concentration increased as a quadratic function of ploidy, with the mean for 8X genotypes representing maximal chlorophyll content. Evidence is presented that increasing concentrations of RuBPCase are associated with higher net photosynthesis rates in tall fescue. This suggests that RuBPCase may represent a marker for increased net photosynthesis. RuBPCase was extracted in a partially active state or inhibited state and must be fully activated by Mg²⁺ and HCO₃⁻ to measure maximal activities. Polyploidization appeared to increase selectively the allocation of total protein for synthesis of RuBPCase; however, there was also a range for carboxylase content among the genotypes within a given ploidy level.