红三叶草异黄酮在保健食品和医药中应用的研究进展

本文综述了以红三叶草异黄酮为基础的保健食品及医药在预防和治疗癌症、骨质疏松、更年期综合症、酒精依赖性、神经障碍、动脉硬化、肥胖、子宫纤维瘤、卵巢囊肿等方面应用的研究进展。     

富硒酵母中硒赋态的研究

硒是人体必需的一种微量元素,参与合成硒代半胱氨酸、硒代甲硫氨酸以及多种硒代蛋白(酶),具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、增强人体免疫等多种生物学活性,与人体的健康有着密切关系.硒以不同的形式存在于自然界中,大致可分为无机硒和有机硒两种,其生物活性与毒性也各有不同.富硒酵母作为补充硒元素的主要形式之一,具有生物利用度高、食用安全、毒性低等优点.研究富硒酵母中的硒的赋态,对合理摄取硒元素,促进人体健康具有重要意义,因此成为近年来研究的热点.     

丙酮酸乙酯的合成及药理作用研究

丙酮酸乙酯是一种重要的医药中间体,在医药、农药、食品、化妆品等领域有广泛的用途。其合成方法和药理作用一直是研究的热点。近年来愈来愈多的文章报道了丙酮酸乙酯的各种合成及工艺方法,一些新的生理活性也不断见诸于文献。本文从丙酮酸乙酯的合成方法及药理作用两方面进行综述,主要介绍了乳酸乙酯氧化法、有机金属试剂法和酯化法三种合成丙酮酸乙酯的方法,并从工艺角度对各种方法的优缺点进行了分析;阐述了其抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤作用的研究进展,并对丙酮酸乙酯的药物应用前景进行了展望,期望能够为丙酮酸乙酯的进一步成药性研究提供思路和启发。     

灵芝菌丝体富硒条件优化及其硒多糖抗氧化活性研究

利用正交试验对灵芝菌丝体液体发酵富硒条件进行优化,研究培养基中不同碳源、氮源和亚硒酸钠浓度对菌丝体生物量、硒含量、富硒率以及胞外酶活性的影响,此外还对硒多糖的抗氧化活性进行了初步研究。结果表明:当培养基中碳源为20%马铃薯、氮源为2%麸皮、Na_2SeO_3浓度为5 mg/L时,培养基中菌丝生物量最高达到3.86 g/L,硒含量最高为0.576 mg/g,富硒率也达到最高为44.47%。Na_2SeO_3对菌丝生长的影响大于碳源和氮源;同样的Na_2SeO_3对胞外酶活性的影响最大,最优组的POD和PPO酶活性都较其他组高,且随着Na_2SeO_3浓度的升高,其酶活性逐渐降低。富硒灵芝菌丝体粗多糖都具有较强的体外抗氧化活性,通过相关性分析发现,其粗多糖的抗氧化活性与硒含量、富硒率具有显著的正相关。显示硒多糖在食品和药品等领域具有良好的开发利用前景。     

硒的生物活性与相关疾病

微量元素硒对人类有重要的生物学意义,硒在机体内发挥功能的主要形式是硒蛋白,特别是硒酶,其主要生物活性包括:防止自由基损伤、调节甲状腺激素和二十碳花生四烯酸代谢、增强免疫、促进生殖等。研究表明,缺硒与许多疾病如心血管系统疾病、癌症、病毒感染等有关。含硒活性物质具有良好的营养保健及医药应用前景。     

青钱柳功能性多糖的研究现状及展望

青钱柳叶是一种古老茶饮,也是国家卫健委认定的新食品原料。青钱柳多糖是其主要活性成分之一,具有降血糖、降血脂、抗氧化、免疫调节等多种功能,在食品、医药和生物医学等领域应用市场潜力巨大。通过综述国内外相关研究文献报道,对青钱柳叶所含功能性多糖的提取工艺、结构特征、药理活性及开发应用的研究现状进行较系统的归纳和分析,并对青钱柳多糖未来研究方向作了展望,拟为开发高活性青钱柳多糖保健食品或药物提供理论依据及研究支撑。     

大豆黄酮抗氧化及抗癌作用

大豆黄酮是异黄酮类化合物中最重要的生理活性物质。近年来发现它在促进生理机能、提高机体免疫力、抗氧化、抗癌方面的特殊功能使其成为研究热点。本文主要综述了大豆异黄酮的理化特性以及在抗氧化、抗癌等功能特性方面的最新研究进展,并根据当前研究现状对其应用前景和价值进行了展望。     

广西富硒功能农产品研发进展

<正>2013年以来,广西陆续在北部湾地区圈定富硒土壤面积达212万hm~2,为目前全国圈定的特大面积连片富硒土壤区域,具有独特的硒资源优势。与此同时,以广西农业科学院为代表的产学研机构在广西自治区政府的大力支持下,开展了富硒土壤资源高效安全利用与开发、富硒农产品标准化生产技术研究与应用、富硒农产品加工技术与产业化开发等大量系统研究与开发工作,在全国硒研究领域迅速成长为一支新秀。     

水稻子粒硒含量的遗传及QTL检测

富硒功能水稻具有富硒、优质、保健、防病、安全等特点,已成为当前研究的热点。子粒硒含量的QTL定位对研究富硒功能水稻的遗传育种具有重要的意义。以籼稻亲本奉新红米和明恢100杂交的145个株系的F2群体构建遗传连锁图谱,图谱拟合92个SSR标记位点,覆盖水稻基因组2187.5 cM,标记间平均遗传距离为23.7 cM,占水稻全基因组的49.2%。采用复合区间作图法,对水稻子粒硒含量进行QTL分析,在第5染色体上共检测到2个新的水稻子粒硒的QTL,对表型变异的贡献率分别为6.39%、8.01%。     

沼泽红假单胞菌富硒发酵条件的研究

通过对沼泽红假单胞菌富硒发酵条件的研究,确定最优的富硒培养方式。采用单一因素变量法,利用微波消解与紫外分光光度法测定沼泽红假单胞菌在不同发酵条件下的生物量变化与富硒效果,确定其最佳培养方式。结果表明,最佳富硒培养条件为:培养温度30℃,环境硒浓度100μg/mL,培养基初始pH为7,硒添加方式应为梯度分次添加,添加时间应为培养周期的第3天、第4天。利用得到的富硒菌种,在最优条件下培养7 d后,测得环境硒浓度下降为10.9μg/mL,硒的转化率为89.1%,菌体富硒量可达到73.54 mg/g(干菌种),其中有机硒含量为97.1%。利用沼泽红假单胞菌生产有机硒具有可行性,富硒菌体可以作为动物饲料添加剂,也可以为人类提供富含有机硒的食品。在以后的实验中,将进一步进行验证和工业化应用。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Chemokines and cytokines: axis and allies in asthma and allergy

Allergic asthma can be precipitated by many factors. For the atopic person, fungus, pollen, dust mites, cockroach antigens, and diesel exhaust are all agents that may trigger an allergic attack. Cytokines and chemokines are integral mediators of fungal asthma. From the earliest time points, they recruit and activate the cells required for the clearance of fungus as well as being critical factors involved in the immunopathology of this disease. In the final analysis, it is clear that these mediators can act to the benefit or the detriment of the host.     

Oxidation and nitration of ribonuclease and lysozyme by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase

In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.