茉莉花[Jasminum sambac (L.)Aiton]净油的成分研究

用层析法、气-质联用和红外光谱等方法对茉莉花净油的主要成分作了分离和鉴定,用气相色谱法作了定量测定。主要成分有苯甲酸顺-3-己烯酯(16.5％),芳樟醇(14.33％),石竹烯(13.24％),乙酸苯甲酯(11.04％),苯甲醇(10.12％)等16个成分。还鉴定微量成分3个。     

依兰香浸膏和净油

巴康(Bacon)在马尼拉首次用挥发性溶剂以依兰花做试验,以石油醚作为溶剂获得0.7—1.0％的抽提物,它具有如下性质: 比重 30°/4° 0.940 折光指数 30° 1.4920 酯值 135 乙酰化后酯值 208 1911年巴黎的加拿(Charles Garnier)在留尼汪岛(R’eunion Island)开设一个提取工厂并开始生产依兰净油。由于这些净油具有鲜花的香气,所以很快引起巴黎香料工业的注意。到了1920年加拿的工厂迁移到留尼汪岛的庇敦(Piton),即圣保罗的附近,于是其他的制造商也参加了行业并在马     

‘糊烟’净油提取与精制工艺研究及成分分析

以四川‘糊烟’为原料,正己烷为提取溶剂,在单因素试验基础上再经正交试验优化‘糊烟’净油提取工艺;以活性白土为脱色剂,无水乙醇为除蜡剂,分别研究了对脱色与除蜡效果的影响因素;再使用气相-质谱连用仪(GC-MS)分析提取出净油的挥发性成分。试验结果显示:‘糊烟’净油提取最优工艺条件为:料液比1∶10(g/m L),提取温度55℃,提取2次,每次提取时间为0.5 h。最优脱色条件为:脱色土用量为150 g/L,脱色处理温度35℃,脱色搅拌时间3 h;最优除蜡条件为:无水乙醇用量1∶10(g/m L),析蜡温度为0℃,析蜡时间为4 h。通过GC-MS共分析出52种成分,并首次在烟草净油挥发性成分中检出鸢尾酮、罗勒烯、别罗勒烯、反式-异柠檬烯、右旋萜二烯、α-(甜)没药烯、天然维生素E。本研究成果以期为四川特色烟‘糊烟’净油或精油等系列产品的开发提供一定技术参考。     

金银花油用于化妆品

金银花(Lonicera caprifoilum L.)原产亚洲,它和丁香花、百合花一样属花香型植物,在香料和化妆品工业中具有重要意义。金银花的另一个品种是Lonicera gigartea L.(忍冬科),上述两个品种在许多国家均有野生或栽培。 Lonicera capriflium L.和Lonicera gigartea均可用来从花中提取香料油。在法国南部地区,人们用石油醚提取Lonicera gigantea的花,获得0.33％浸膏,再用乙醇处理,获得23.8％的粘性橄榄绿色净油。此种净油经过蒸馏所获得的油呈黄色,得率为9％。     

地枫皮精油化学成分的研究

从广西的地枫皮制备精油,并用毛细管色谱/质谱/计算机联用方法进行了化学成分分析,鉴定了25种成分,占精油的81.50％。主要芳香成分为黄樟醚(21.74％)、芳樟醇(15.81％)、1,2-二甲氧基-4-(2-丙烯基)苯(6.30％)、α-松油醇(5.89％)。     

滁菊挥发油的成分分析及其在卷烟中的应用

为开发天然烟用香原料,分别采用减压水蒸气蒸馏、亚临界萃取和分子蒸馏技术制备出三种滁菊净油,通过GC/MS分析了滁菊挥发油的化学成分,并进行了卷烟加香实验。结果表明:滁菊净油中共鉴定出79种化学成分,包括有机酸类8种、酮类14种、醇类18种、烯烃类25种、酯类7种,以及其他成分,净油中含量较高的为龙脑、β-芹子烯、β-倍半水芹烯、(E)-β-金合欢烯、蒿酮、马兜铃烯环氧化物等;评吸结果表明滁菊净油能够改善香气质,增加香气量,降低杂气,使得烟气细腻柔和,是一种理想的天然烟用香原料。     

芳香石豆兰的繁殖生态学

芳香石豆兰(Bulbophyllum ambrosia)是分布于我国南方石灰岩山热带季节性雨林中的一种常见附生兰科植物, 附着生长于岩石或树干上, 野外监测发现其自然不结实。对芳香石豆兰繁殖生态学的研究表明, 不同于石豆兰属其他具有蝇类传粉综合征的种类, 其花具有香味和花蜜, 中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana cerana)是芳香石豆兰唯一的有效传粉者, 具有较高的访问频率, 自然种群中有较高的花粉块移出率和柱头花粉块沉降率, 在中华蜜蜂的传粉过程中, 芳香石豆兰铰链结构的唇瓣起着重要作用。人工授粉试验表明, 芳香石豆兰自交授粉不结实, 异交授粉结实率达90%以上, 芳香石豆兰为自交不亲和的繁育系统。芳香石豆兰具有较强的克隆生长能力, 同一个体花期内有大量的花同时开放, 其传粉者中华蜜蜂平均单次访花(4.29 ± 0.40)朵( n= 66), 造成了严重的同株异花传粉。芳香石豆兰附生于石灰岩山顶岩石或树干上, 种群密度较低, 使得不同个体之间花粉交流困难, 自交不亲和的特性导致了芳香石豆兰自然不结实。本研究结果为开展芳香石豆兰的有效保护提供了依据。     

芳香棱子芹种子萌发特性研究

为了研究芳香棱子芹种子的萌发特性,为芳香棱子芹资源利用提供科学依据,以芳香棱子芹种子为材料,测定不同的光照、温度、pH值、赤霉素、贮藏时间等条件处理对其种子萌发的影响。通过发芽实验研究了温度、光照、pH、贮藏时间等因素对芳香棱子芹种子萌发的影响。结果表明:(1)芳香棱子芹种子最适萌发温度为25℃,发芽率可达79.50%;(2)芳香棱子芹种子在光照条件和黑暗条件发芽率没有差异;(3)其对pH具有广泛的适应性,在pH为2~10范围内均可萌发,但在pH6~8范围内可获得较高的发芽率。(4)其种子不适宜长期贮藏,最适贮藏时间为12个月。(5)300 mg/L的赤霉素对芳香棱子芹种子的萌发具有明显的作用,其发芽率和发芽势都达到最高,分别为81.4%和49.4%。     

杭州墨红净油挥发组份的研究

本文采用气相色谱—质谱联用技术,对杭州产的墨红花净油挥发组份进行分析,在90℃以下蒸馏液中,分离出54个组份,鉴定出其中30个,占总色谱峰面积的89.1％。主要成份为:β-苯乙醇(20.71％)、柠檬烯(12.49％)、苯甲醇(10.81％)、β-月桂烯(6.04％)、香茅醇(5.86％)、正乙醇(5.03％)、芳樟醇(3.84％)、2-异丙基甲苯(3.43％)、苯甲醛(2.42％)、丙酮(1.81％)、4-异丙基苯甲醇(1.57％)、甲酸苯乙酯(1.21％)和氧化芳樟醇(呋喃型,1.15％)等。     

毛华菊干花净油化学成分的研究

毛华菊的干花净油是一个有发展前景的香料。本文首次报告了对毛华菊净油化学成分的分析结果。我们利用气相色谱/质谱/计算机联用技术,气相色谱保留指数法,色谱标准品对照叠加等方法分析鉴定了毛华菊净油中47个已知化学成分。其中大多属于含氧的单萜、倍半萜及脂肪酸酯类化合物。含量较高的成分有1.8-桉叶油素、丁香烯、长叶烷、十四酸丁酯、十六酸乙酯、9-十八烯酸乙酯、9-十六烯酸、樟脑、癸酸乙酯、橙花醇、黑椒酚、芳樟醇、乙酸萜品酯、龙脑乙酸酯等。     

印度獐牙菜挥发油化学成分的研究

研究了印度獐牙菜(Swertia chitayita Buch-Ham．)挥发油的化学成分。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取、毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用技术对印度獐牙菜挥发性化学成分进行了分离,经计算机质谱谱库检索对分离的化合物进行鉴定,并用已知烃类进行标定,共确定了其中63种化合物,所鉴定出的化合物含量占全挥发油的81．36％;用峰面积归一化法测定了各化学成分的相对含量。研究结果表明,印度獐牙菜的主要化学成分为：十六烷酸乙酯(19．54％)、4-(苯甲基)哌啶(11．72％)、油酸乙酯(7．82％)、丁基化羟基甲苯(6．70％)、亚油酸乙酯(5．80％)、丁二酸二乙酯(3．21％)、3a,6a-二氢-2(3H,4H)环戊二烯并[b]呋喃酮(2．13％)等。     

小果蔷薇精油的化学成分

小果蔷薇(Rosa Cymosa Tratt.)是蔷薇属植物。分布在我国江西、江苏、浙江、安徽、河南、四川、云南、贵州、福建、广东、广西、台湾等省。生于海拔250—1300米的向阳山坡,河谷,路旁,灌丛。资源较丰富,但目前尚未开发利用。该油具有清香、花香和玫瑰的甜香。用于调配化妆品、烟用等香精,具有增香和定香的作用。用     

贵州刺槐花精油的化学成分

刺槐(Robima Pseudoacacia L.)花精油,用 Finn(?)gan-4510色谱/质谱/计算机联用仪分析,共检出43个成分,鉴定了其中38个化合物,占全精油的97.70％。主要成分为已酸乙酯(0.20％),苯甲醇(0.17％),芳樟醇(3.11％)苯乙醇(12.07％),辛酸乙酯(0.13％),香叶醇(2.14％),王内酯(0.86％),特檀香醇(0.21％),橙花叔醇(0.89％)等。     

Evaluation of anti-nociceptive,anti-inflammatory and antipyretic potential of Mikania cordata (Burm. f.) Robinson in experimental animal model

Mikania cordata is widely used for the treatment of cuts, wounds, and dengue fever in Bangladesh. In the present study, essential oil (12.5, 25 and 50?mg/kg) and two extracts, viz., chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts (200, 400, 800?mg/kg b.w.) were tested for peripheral and central anti-nociceptive activity by acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate method, respectively. Carrageenan-induced rat paw edema assay and yeast-induced hyperthermia assay were also carried out to evaluate anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties of oil and extracts, respectively at aforesaid doses. The essential oil (50?mg/kg), chloroform extract (800?mg/kg) and ethyl acetate extract (800?mg/kg) showed potent peripheral anti-nociceptive activity having 47.33%, 29.33% and 16.65% of writhing inhibition, respectively, comparable with standard diclofenac (52.0%). Essential oil (50?mg/kg), chloroform extract (800?mg/kg) and ethyl acetate extract (800?mg/kg) presented promising central anti-nociceptive activity as well having 95.86%, 79.18% and 42.37% elongation of reaction time, respectively, at 90?min after administration of essential oil, ethyl acetate extract and 60?min after administration of chloroform extract. In anti-inflammatory activity screening, the essential oil (50?mg/kg) produced the highest 72.80% edema inhibition at 4?h after administration of carrageenan which was comparable with that of standard phenylbutazoe (87.87%). On the other hand, chloroform extract (800?mg/kg) and ethyl acetate extract (800?mg/kg) showed up to 34.31% and 15.27% of edema inhibition, respectively, at 4?h after administration of carrageenan. In antipyretic assay, the essential oil and chloroform extract displayed a strong antipyretic effect in yeast-induced rats, whereas the ethyl acetate extract had no antipyretic activity. The present study revealed anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic potential of M. cordata which could be the therapeutic option against fever, inflammations as well as painful conditions and confirmed the traditional use of M. cordata.     

藏药短管兔耳草挥发性化学成分的研究

采用毛细管气相色谱—质谱联用技术对藏药短管兔耳草挥发性化学成分进行了研究,经毛细管色谱分离出62个峰,共确定了其中41种化学成分,所鉴定的化合物含量占全挥发油的77．32％;用气相色谱面积归一化法测定了各化学成分的相对含量,其主要化学成分为：二苯胺(16．47％)、邻苯二甲酸丁基—8—甲基壬基酯(6．42％)、二十六碳烷(4．76％)、十六烷酸(3．66％)、二十四碳烷(3．40％)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(3．38％)、二十二碳烷(3．30％)、二十碳烷(3．26％)、十六烷酸乙酯(2．77％)、十八碳烷(2．76％)、戊酸(2．48％)、3—乙基环辛烯(2．05％)等。     

裂叶荆芥不同部位香精油组成研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法,分别从裂叶荆芥的叶、茎和花三个不同部位提取香精油并进行气相色谱/质谱分析.结果发现,叶、茎、花的香精油分别含有23、29、26种组分.叶和花香精油的组成和含量基本相似,主要成分是含量分别为15.09%、14.51%的薄荷酮和29.26%、31.36%的(+)-胡薄荷酮等单萜化合物以及含量分别为17.09%、5.00%的α-律草烯等倍半萜.而茎香精油的萜类化合物含量较低,含薄荷酮为4.15%,(+)-胡薄荷酮为7.68%,但其乙酯含量相对较高,如(E)-9-十六碳烯酸乙酯含量为11.92%,异戊酸乙酯为9.38%.     

Chemical Composition and Allelopathic,Antibacterial, Antifungal,and Antiacetylcholinesterase Activity of Fish‐mint (Houttuynia cordataThunb.) from India

Fish‐mint (Houttuynia cordataThunb .), belonging to family Saururaceae, has long been used as food and traditional herbal medicine. The present study was framed to assess the changes occurring in the essential‐oil composition of H. cordata during annual growth and to evaluate allelopathic, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiacetylcholinesterase activities. The essential‐oil content ranged from 0.06 – 0.14% and 0.08 – 0.16% in aerial parts and underground stem, respectively. The essential oils were analysed by GC‐FID, GC/MS, and NMR (¹H and ¹³C). Major constituents of aerial‐parts oil was 2‐undecanone (19.4 – 56.3%), myrcene (2.6 – 44.3%), ethyl decanoate (0.0 – 10.6%), ethyl dodecanoate (1.1 – 8.6%), 2‐tridecanone (0.5 – 8.3%), and decanal (1.1 – 6.9%). However, major constituents of underground‐stem oil were 2‐undecanone (29.5 – 42.3%), myrcene (14.4 – 20.8%), sabinene (6.0 – 11.1%), 2‐tridecanone (1.8 – 10.5%), β‐pinene (5.3 – 10.0%), and ethyl dodecanoate (0.8 – 7.3%). Cluster analysis revealed that essential‐oil composition varied substantially due to the plant parts and season of collection. The oils exhibited significant allelopathic (inhibition: 77.8 – 88.8%; LD₅₀: 2.45 – 3.05 μl/plate), antibacterial (MIC: 0.52 – 2.08 μl/ml; MBC: bacteriostatic) and antifungal (MIC: 2.08 – 33.33 μl/ml; MFC: 4.16 – 33.33 μl/ml) activities. The results indicate that the essential oil from H. cordata has a significant potential to allow future exploration and exploitation as a natural antimicrobial and allelopathic agent.     

Repellent effectiveness of seven plant essential oils,sunflower oil and natural insecticides against horn flies on pastured dairy cows and heifers

Plant essential oils (basil, geranium, balsam fir, lavender, lemongrass, peppermint, pine and tea tree), mixed with either sunflower oil or ethyl alcohol, were applied at 5% concentrations to the sides of Holstein cattle. Pastured cattle treated with essential oils diluted in sunflower oil had less flies than the untreated control for a 24‐h period. However, the essential oil treatments were not significantly different than the carrier oil alone. Barn‐held heifers treated with essential oils and sunflower oil alone had significantly less flies than the untreated control for up to 8 h after treatment. Basil, geranium, lavender, lemongrass and peppermint repelled more flies than sunflower oil alone for a period ranging from 1.5 to 4 h after treatments applied to heifers. All essential oils repelled > 75% of the flies on the treated area for 6 and 8 h on pastured cows and indoor heifers, respectively. Geranium, lemongrass and peppermint stayed effective for a longer duration. Essential oils mixed with ethyl alcohol demonstrated less repellence than when mixed with the carrier oil. Safer's soap, natural pyrethrins without piperonyl butoxide and ethyl alcohol alone were not efficient at repelling flies. Essential oils could be formulated for use as fly repellents in livestock production.     

Repellency of naturally occurring volatile alcohols to fungus gnat Bradysia sp. nr. coprophila (Diptera: Sciaridae) adults under laboratory conditions

This study, conducted under laboratory conditions, was designed to determine the repellent activity of 10 naturally occurring volatile alcohol constituents against adults of the fungus gnat, Bradysia sp. nr. coprophila (Lintner) (Diptera: Sciaridae). The essential oil constituents were octanoic acid, furfural, acetophenone, benzaldehyde, dimethoxybenzene, borneol, menthol, 1-octen-3-ol, and 7-hydroxycitronellol, and alpha-terpineol. alpha-Terpineol, octanoic acid and furfural were tested at several concentrations, whereas the remaining seven were tested at only one concentration. The essential oil constituents' menthol, 1-octen-3-ol, and borneol displayed the most repellent activity. The mean percentage of fungus gnat adults recovered from the test compound petri dishes associated with the three essential oil constituents was between 6 and 15% compared with between 36 and 50% for the petri dishes with distilled water. The mean +/- SEM number of fungus gnat adults present in the sample compartments associated with menthol (10.4 +/- 2.6), 1-octen-3-ol (18.8 +/- 2.4), and borneol (23.4 +/- 5.6) was statistically lower than those in the petri dishes containing distilled water (60.9 +/- 7.4, 49.8 +/- 4.0, and 79.7 +/- 13.5), respectively. Only the highest concentration of alpha-terpineol (8.0 micromol) displayed significant repellent activity against fungus gnat adults. The other essential constituents tested, including octanoic acid (all three concentrations), furfural (both concentrations), acetophenone, dimethoxybenzene, and 7-hydroxycitronellol, were not statistically different from the distilled water control. The results of this study indicate that certain essential oil constituents repel fungus gnat adults, which may be useful, from a practical standpoint, in deterring adults from laying eggs into growing media.