丹参撮物F对幽门螺杆菌致敏小鼠的免疫调理作用研究

研究丹参提取物Ｆ（Ｄａｎ Ｓｈｅｎ ｅｘｔｒａｃｔ Ｆ,ＤＳＥ－Ｆ）对幽门螺杆菌（Ｈｅｌｉｃｏｂａｃｔｅｒ ｐｙｌｏｒｉ,ＨＰ）致敏胃粘膜固有层淋巴细胞有无免疫调理作用。经口给予小鼠ＨＰ全菌破碎抗原与ＤＳＥ－Ｆ２周后,提取脾淋巴细胞和胃粘膜固有层Ｔ淋巴细胞（ＬＰＬ）,检测对肿瘤细胞的细胞毒活性和ＩＬ－２诱生能力的改变,结果显示ＤＳＥ－Ｆ与ＨＰ抗原协同能增强脾淋巴细胞和胃ＬＰＬ细胞的抗细胞的细胞毒性     

丹参提取物F对幽门螺杆菌致敏小鼠的免疫调理作用研究

研究丹参提取物F（DanShenextractF,DSE－F）对幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacterpylori,HP）致敏胃粘膜固有层淋巴细胞有无免疫调理作用。经口给予小鼠HP全菌破碎抗原与DSE－F2周后,提取脾淋巴细胞和胃粘膜固有层T淋巴细胞（LPL）,检测对肿瘤细胞的细胞毒活性和IL－2诱生能力的改变。结果显示DSE－F与HP抗原协同能增强脾淋巴细胞和胃LPL细胞的抗肿瘤细胞的细胞毒性;对HP抗原致敏胃粘膜有免疫调理作用。     

白细胞介素—2在狂犬病免疫保护及细胞免疫检测上的作用

狂犬病疫苗免疫人外周血淋巴细胞（ＰＢＬ）分泌白细胞介素－２（ＩＬ－２）。ＩＬ－２具有增强狂犬病疫苗保护力的佐剂效能,在疫苗免疫后对机体免疫系统发挥调节作用。ＩＬ－２在狂犬病免疫保护和免疫检定上的作用尤为重要。在接种疫苗后,狂犬病免疫对象的ＰＢＬ,在体外受特异性抗原刺激产生的ＩＬ－２水平,是检定狂犬病疫苗免疫原性与保护效力及评价机体免疫状况－－细胞介导免疫（ＣＭＩ）水平的简易科学新指标。ＩＬ－２诱生     

白细胞介素12的研究进展

白细胞介素１２（ＩＬ－１２）是由巨噬细胞和Ｂ淋巴细胞等产生的糖蛋白类细胞因子,由４０ｋＤ和３５ｋＤ两个亚基组成。ＩＬ－１２能促进Ｔｈｌ细胞的分化与增殖,控制细胞介导免疫;促进Ｔ淋巴细胞、ＮＫ细胞的发育与增殖,并刺激这些细胞产生ＩＦＮ－γ;增强ＮＫ细胞和细胞毒淋巴细胞的细胞毒活性以及ＩＬ－２诱导ＬＡＫ细胞的活力。ＩＬ－１２在培育新疫苗、防治利什曼病和ＡＩＤＳ等免疫系统疾病及肿瘤的免疫治疗中,有着广阔     

白细胞介素-2在狂犬病免疫保护及细胞免疫检测上的作用

狂犬病疫苗免疫人外周血淋巴细胞（ＰＢＬ）分泌白细胞介素－２（ＩＬ－２）。ＩＬ－２具有增强狂犬病疫苗保护力的佐剂效能,在疫苗免疫后对机体免疫系统发挥调节作用。ＩＬ－２在狂犬病免疫保护和免疫检定上的作用尤为重要。在接种疫苗后,狂犬病免疫对象的ＰＢＬ,在体外受特异性抗原刺激产生的ＩＬ－２水平,是检定狂犬病疫苗免疫原性与保护效力及评价机体免疫状况──细胞介导免疫（ＣＭＩ）水平的简易科学新指标。ＩＬ－２诱生水平测定,可能替代经典ＮＩＨ小鼠攻毒试验,而与病毒中和抗体（ＶＮＡｂ）水平测定和糖蛋白含量分析,一并用于评价狂犬病疫苗保护力。     

草鱼、中华鳖脾细胞培养上清液ＩＬ—２物质的检测

用刀豆蛋白Ａ（ConA)刺激诱导草鱼和中华鳖脾细胞,收细胞培养上清液,用小鼠胸腺细胞增殖试验和对小鼠Ｌ９２９细胞系杀伤试验检测上清液中白细胞介素－２（简称ＩＬ－２）活性。结果表明：草鱼、中华鳖脾细胞培养上清液中有ＩＬ－２样活性物质,这种物质使小鼠的胸腺细胞^3H-TdR掺入量明显增加,在相同效靶比的条件下对小鼠Ｌ９２９细胞系杀伤率也显著增强,这种ＩＬ－２活性均能被抗人rIL-2血清所抑制。中华鳖脾细胞培养上清液（含ＩＬ－２）对中华鳖胸腺细胞也有较明显的促增殖作用并能消除兔抗中华鳖胸腺细胞血清（ＲＡＴＴＳ）对中华鳖胸腺细胞增殖的抑制作用,进一步用抗人白细胞分化抗原ＣＤ２５（ＩＬ－２受体,简称ＩＬ－２Ｒ）单克隆抗体进行免疫组化交叉反应提示草鱼、中华鳖淋巴细胞膜上含有与人类ＩＬ－２Ｒ类似功能和结构的物质。     

超氧化物歧化酶对创伤小鼠淋巴细胞膜流动性及功能的影响

研究了超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）对创伤小鼠淋巴细胞膜流动性及功能的影响。结果显示,ＳＯＤ体内应用（１００００Ｕ／ｋｇｄ,伤后０－３ｄ）可明显降低创伤小鼠血清、脾脏、胸腺、肠系膜淋巴结组织及Ｔ细胞中丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量,提高淋巴细胞膜及Ｔ细胞质膜、线粒体膜、微粒体膜的流动性,对创伤后Ｔ细胞转化活性降低、白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）生成减少、ＩＬ－２受体（ＩＬ－２Ｒ）表达受抑、ＩＬ－２介导的淋巴细胞增殖反应（ＩＬ－２ＭＬＰＲ）降低均具有不同程度的恢复作用。表明ＳＯＤ可保护创伤后淋巴细胞免受氧自由基的损害,并提高淋巴细胞的功能。     

白细胞介素-2的修饰

白细胞介素－２的修饰王京杭（山东大学应用生化研究所,２５０１００Ｃｈｉｎａ）白细胞介素－２（Ｉｎｔｅｒｌｅｕｋｉｎ－２,ＩＬ－２）是一种具有多种免疫调节功能的淋巴因子,由１３３个ａａ,产生于抗原或植物凝集素激活的Ｔ细胞,能激活淋巴细胞杀灭肿瘤等异己细胞,恢复和提高机体的抗病能力［１］。     

白细胞介素-2的结构与功能

白细胞介素－２的结构与功能刘新垣,徐获,蒋春雷,王志勇,郑仲承（中国科学院上海生物化学研究所）白细胞介素－２（ＩＬ－２）由激活的Ｔ细胞产生,是作用于淋巴细胞和免疫效应细胞的重要免疫因子,能提高免疫系统中多种免疫细胞的功能,如提高它们杀伤癌细胞、病毒或细菌感染细胞的能力。ＩＬ－２分泌水平的高低与多种疾病有密切关系。随着人基因工程ＩＬ－２（ｒＩＬ－２）的问世,ＩＬ－２的生物学与应用研究得到了更快的发展。     

公雏鸡糖皮质激素受体与免疫功能的相关性

研究了用于不同剂量（７５、５０、２５、１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）ＲＵ４８６阻断公雏鸡糖皮质激素受体１天或连续３天免疫指标变化情况。ＲＵ４８６７５和５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ阻断ＧＲ２４ｈ,公雏鸡脾淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２、ＩＦＮ诱生活性和Ｔ、Ｂ淋巴细胞增殖活性降低（Ｐ〈０．０１）,外周血淋巴细胞、单核细胞、ＡＮＡＥ＋细胞减少（Ｐ〈０．０１）;胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊的体重比减小（Ｐ〈０．０１）。每日ＲＵ４８６５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ连续３天阻     

Thymosin alpha 1 potentiates interleukin 2-induced cytotoxic activity in mice

We have investigated the effects of interleukin 2 (IL-2) on cytotoxic activity of spleen lymphocytes, from normal and cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg) or B-16 melanoma suppressed mice, after in vitro or in vivo pretreatment with thymosin alpha 1 (TA1). The results of this study indicate that pretreatment in vitro (100 ng/ml for 1 hr) or in vivo (200 micrograms/kg/day for 4 days) with thymosin alpha 1 (TA1), significantly increased the IL-2 (from 100 to 500 U/ml) in vitro induced cytotoxic activity of spleen lymphocytes, collected from both normal and cyclophosphamide and tumor-suppressed animals, against both YAC-1 (NK sensitive) and MBL-2 (NK resistant) cell lines. The potential use in combination of these two different biological response modifiers, useful in enhancing the immunological responses to IL-2 of lymphocytes, may provide a novel model of immunotherapeutic intervention in cancer.     

Allogenic stimulus induces prostaglandin and thromboxane production in T lymphocytes

We have examined the influence of an allogeneic stimulus on T lymphocyte prostanoid synthesis. PGE2 and TXB2 (the stable product of TXA2) were determined by radioimmunoassay. When T cells were derived from alloimmunized animals, the production of PGE2 and TXA2 was significantly higher than that of non-immunized cells. Moreover, T immune lymphocytes in the presence of the immunized alloantigen showed an increment in prostanoid production. We propose that the allogeneic stimulus provides a signal to the T lymphocytes for an increase in prostanoid synthesis.     

Abnormal regulation in the production of IL2 in Hodgkin's disease

Patients with active Hodgkin's disease demonstrate a significant depression of cellular immunity. The present study, performed with lymphocytes from 16 untreated patients with active Hodgkin's disease and 13 healthy control volunteers, demonstrate an equivalent IL 2 production in vitro in both groups. Our results, however, demonstrate an abnormal regulation of IL 2 production in patients. A negative control of IL 2 production involving monocytes producing PGE 2 able to induce radiosensitive suppressor T lymphocytes, has been identified previously with cells from healthy donors. In the present study we demonstrate that this negative control is hyper functioning with cells from Hodgkin's disease patients.     

Quantification of cellular properties from external fields and resulting induced velocity: cellular hydrodynamic diameter.

An experimental technique is discussed in which the size distribution of a population of cells is determined by calculating each cell's settling velocity. The settling velocity is determined from microscopically obtained images which were recorded on SVHS tape. These images are then computer imaged and processed, and the cell's location and velocity are determined using a computer algorithm referred to as cell tracking velocimetry (CTV). Experimental data is presented comparing the distribution of human lymphocytes and a human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, determined using a Coulter counter and the CTV approach.     

In vitro effect of 4-amino-5-imidazole-carboxamide-phosphate (AICA-P) on the enzyme activity and expression of superoxide dismutase

Antioxidant effects of a newly developed hepatoprotective agent 4-amino-5-imidazole-carboxamide-phosphate (Aica-P) were studied in an in vitro test system using isolated peripheral blood cells from patients with chronic alcoholic liver disease and from healthy controls. In vitro incubation with the drug in a concentration corresponding to the usual therapeutic dosage enhanced the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of erythrocytes and lymphocytes and also increased the superoxide dismutase expression on lymphocytes. These results indirectly suggest that antioxidant capacity may be one of the important factors in the mechanisms of hepatoprotective action of the imidazole derivate Aica-P.     

The possibility of correcting metabolic disorders in experimental liver cirrhosis by cryodestruction and plasma-flow resection

The first week after the cryodestruction, the resection of plasma flow and combined effect of the two methods causes metabolic changes, which later according to observations are normalized. The metabolic disturbances, which are connected with experimental liver cirrhosis under the combined cryodestructive effect and plasma flow resection are normalized three weeks after treatment. But there is no elimination of defects of free radical oxidation and there remains a decreased insulin binding capability of lymphocytes. All these processes should be taken into account in surgical treatment of liver cirrhosis.     

Idiotype-specific T lymphocytes. I. Regulation of antibody production by idiotype-specific H-2-restricted T lymphocytes

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for MOPC-104E myeloma cells of BALB/c origin could be induced in BALB/c, (BALB/c X BALB.B)F1, and (BALB/c X BALB.K)F1 mice. (BALB/c X BALB.B)F1 CTL activity specific for MOPC-104E was effectively inhibited by anti-H-2d but not by anti-H-2b alloantiserum. However, the activity was hardly blocked by specific anti-idiotypic antibodies to MOPC-104E. For further analysis of the recognition of idiotype on target cells by CTL, the effect of those lymphocytes on anti-dextran B1355S antibody-producing B lymphocytes, which have a cross-reactive idiotype to MOPC-104E, was investigated. Lymphocytes from the CTL population did inhibit antibody production by dextran-immune spleen cells, but those from the CTL population specific for irrelevant myeloma cells (MOPC-167) did not. The (BALB/c X BALB.K)F1 CTL population suppressed the antibody production of BALB/c but not of BALB.K. This indicates that F1 cells can preferentially see H-2 antigens of immunizing myeloma cells on target B lymphocytes. The inhibition of antibody production was antigen specific and was only restricted to the PFC that were inhibitable by anti-idiotypic antibodies. The surface phenotypes of the cells that inhibited the antibody production were Thy-1+, Lyt-1-, Lyt-2+, and I-J-. These results strongly suggest that CTL specific for MOPC-104E recognize self H-2 antigens simultaneously with idiotypic determinants on B lymphocytes. Possible immunoregulatory roles of idiotype-specific CTL on antibody production systems are also suggested.     

Nonspecific suppressor elements in murine allogeneic radiation chimeras.

Spleen cells from long-term mouse allogeneic radiation chimeras were tested for their ability to modulate the graft-versus-host (GVH) or plaque-forming cell (PFC) response of normal lymphocytes transplanted in lethally X-irradiated recipients. In vivo GVH proliferation of normal lymphocytes (syngeneic to donor cells of the chimera) against antigens of host-type in which the chimeric state had been established was reduced by chimera cells. Inhibition varied, some chimeras suppressing GVH more than others and a few not suppressing at all. The suppressive effect was abrogated if the chimera cells were treated with anti-θ; treatment with anti-IgM did not eliminate this activity. When mixtures of normal donor lymphocytes and chimera cells were given to irradiated recipients genetically different from host or donor, reduction of donor cell GVH also occurred. Further, chimera cells reduced the GVH activity of normal host cells in irradiated recipients differing from the host at one H-2 locus and from the donor at minor histocompatibility loci. The modulating effect of spleen cells from chimeras on the PFC response by normal lymphocytes also varied. Six chimeras induced a 25 to 90% suppression, two enhanced the response, and one showed no effect. Where suppression occurred, treatment of chimera cells with anti-θ most often, but not always, restored PFC production. Our results show that the suppressive action of splenic lymphoid cells by chimeras is highly nonspecific and variable in expression. We suggest that tolerance in chimeras may be mediated by nonspecific suppressor elements leading to unresponsiveness to a variety of antigens including SRBC.     

Histological structure of the intestine and pyloric caeca of the green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus Rafinesque

A histological study was made of the intestine and pyloric caeca of green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus (Centrarchidae). The intestinal and caecal walls are histologically very similar, consisting of a mucosa (epithelial layer), submucosa (lamina propria and stratum compactum), muscularis (circular and longitudinal layers) and the serosa. Cellular constituents of the mucosal layer include absorptive, columnar epithelial cells, mucous-secreting goblet cells, and various leucocytes, the majority of which are lymphocytes. Other than relative size and the entrance of the bile duct at the base of the first caecum, no difference was found among caeca.
When fish were nutritionally stressed, a greater variety and number of leucocytes and shifts in the numbers of lymphocytes and goblet cells of the mucosal layer were the only observable effects.     

CCR7 coordinates the primary immune response by establishing functional microenvironments in secondary lymphoid organs.

The proper function of immune surveillance requires well-coordinated mechanisms in order to guide the patrolling immune cells through peripheral tissues and into secondary lymphoid organs. Analyzing gene-targeted mice, we identified the chemokine receptor CCR7 as an important organizer of the primary immune response. CCR7-deficient mice show severely delayed kinetics regarding the antibody response and lack contact sensitivity and delayed type hypersensitivity reactions. Due to the impaired migration of lymphocytes, these animals reveal profound morphological alterations in all secondary lymphoid organs. Upon activation, mature skin dendritic cells fail to migrate into the draining lymph nodes. Thus, in order to bring together lymphocytes and dendritic cells to form the characteristic microarchitecture of secondary lymphoid organs, CCR7 is required to rapidly initiate an adoptive immune response.