成长记录袋评价法提升细胞工程课堂教学质量

首次将成长记录袋评价法引入到高等院校生物类专业课程《细胞工程》的课堂教学改革中,构建了较为完备的课堂评价体系,将成长记录袋课堂评价体系的建立分为4个阶段,即准备阶段、演练阶段、实施阶段和作品展示阶段。并从实施成长记录袋评价法的可行性与必要性、评价体系的构建、执行过程中应注意的要点及事项分别展开论述。结果表明：通过该评价法的施行,不仅活跃了课堂气氛,增强了学生学习的主动性和自主性,还提高了学生分析、解决与细胞工程技术相关的专业问题的能力,执行效果良好。本课程课堂教学改革的实施,可为高校同类性质的其他专业课程提供借鉴与参考。     

多维立体教学在细胞工程中的应用与实践

为提升工科专业课程教学质量,以成长记录袋课堂评价体系为基础,将多维立体教学法引入到高等院校生物类专业课程细胞工程的教学改革中,对课程的知识体系、施教形式、实施方案等开展了探索与实践。授课教师通过结合线上教学、互动教学、案例教学等多种教学模式的改革,不仅让生物工程专业的学生掌握了细胞工程的相关专业知识及科技前沿,更增强了学生的学习兴趣与积极性,提高了学生分析、解决与细胞工程相关的专业问题的能力,整体执行效果较好。本课程教学改革的实施,可为高校同类性质的其他专业课程提供借鉴与参考。     

中国十字花科一新记录属——双袋荠属

乌恰县位于新疆维吾尔自治区西部,具有特殊的植物区系。作者基于对该地区的野外考察,通过标本研究和文献查证,报道了中国新疆西部的十字花科(Brassicaceae)一新记录属——双袋荠属(Didymophysa Boiss.)。双袋荠属目前共有3种,即新疆双袋荠(D.fedtschenkoana Regel)、双袋荠(D.aucheri Boiss.)、窗隔荠(D.fenestrata)。该文提供了该属的形态描述和分种区别特征,其中新疆双袋荠在我国首次记录,并提供了分布于我国新疆的新疆双袋荠的详细形态描述及生境照片。此外,该文还探讨了该新记录属种发现的生物地理学意义以及我国新疆西部高原地区的植物多样性和特殊性,同时提出了保护工作建议。     

中国兰科一新记录属——袋距兰属

报道了中国兰科一新记录属——袋距兰属(Lesliea).袋距兰原记载分布于泰国,现发现中国云南西双版纳也有分布,与近缘属的主要区别为距袋状、蕊喙长而二裂、粘盘柄倒圆锥状等.     

微生物学实验教学考核评价体系的建立及实施

本文阐述了微生物学实验“三多”教学考核评价体系的建立、在教学实践中的实施过程和教学效果。“三多”评价体系主要是指教学考核方面多、角度多、层次多。该评价体系的实施, 促使学生变被动学习为主动学习; 建立了微生物学实践技术操作理念和思维; 激发了学生探究科学、积极创新的热情; “三多”评价体系得到学生肯定, 取得了比较理想的教学效果。     

初中生物学发展性学生评价体系的研究

通过行动研究致力于发展性学生评价的实施和探索,研究的思路是“以评促改”,在实施新课程的同时,建立与新课程理念相一致的发展性学生评价体系,通过评价的导向和激励作用,促进学生的发展,保障新课程改革目标的实现,并为一线教师提供一种实际的指导,一种操作层面的参考。     

“小组学习”模式在基础医学课程中的实践应用：以医学免疫学为例

将"小组学习"模式应用于基础医学课程"医学免疫学"的教学,在理论课堂采用案例导学、问题导学、角色转换导学和专题讨论导学,实践教学过程针对课堂实验、实验选修课和大学生创新创业项目进行层次化导学。综合运用思维导图、问卷星、成长袋等多元化教学方法和手段,编写思政案例库进行专业课课程思政,结合小组过程性考核进行多元化考核评价。该模式通过培养学生自主学习能力、小组合作能力、实践能力、创新能力和人文素质,为培养高素质、高能力的应用型医学人才奠定基础。该教学模式得到了绝大多数学生的认同,可为基础医学及其他相关课程的开展及高校人才培养提供思路和参考。     

基于项目学习的高中生物学教学设计——“遗传病与人类健康”的教学

基于“项目学习”是一种以学生为中心的教学模式和课程理念,它把项目及其管理理念应用于教学.以“遗传病与人类健康”一节为例,简介“项目学习”的实施过程.主要包括3个阶段:准备阶段(驱动性问题的选定,情景的创设,画概念结构图,活动建议)、实施阶段(学生根据兴趣,选择活动主题,自由组队;小组制定活动计划,与教师签订活动协议;规划活动流程,明确自己在分组活动中的角色;活动作品的制作及相关准备)和总结阶段(允许学生用各种可能成果展览和交流,评价并反馈).     

高中生物探究式实验教学设计研究及案例分析

“探究式学习”促使学生的学习方式和教师的教学方式发生深刻的变革.阐述了探究式学习、实验操作技能和探究式实验教学模式这三个概念的内涵.同时,对高中生物一个重要的验证性实验“叶绿体中色素的提取和分离”进行了改进,实施了探究式实验教学设计并进行了教学实践以及分析,旨在探讨如何培养学生的实验操作技能.由此可得出结论:开展探究式实验教学,既能通过规范的实验操作,培养学生的实验操作技能,又能培养学生的综合探究能力并树立实事求是的科学态度;利用随堂式的实验教学评价,能很好发挥探究式学习的成效.     

套袋苹果不同类型果袋内温、湿度变化特征及其对果实外观品质的影响

研究了套袋苹果果实发育过程中不同类型果袋内温、湿度的变化以及果袋对果实外观品质的影响.结果表明:果袋内的温度和湿度变化呈负相关,一天中袋内温度从9:00开始迅速升高,最高温度在春秋季一般出现在13:00-14:00,盛夏一般出现在13:00-17:00,最低温度出现在5:00前后,最高湿度出现在6:00前后.不同类型的果袋温、湿度变化不同,特别在高温和阴雨天差异明显,最高温度表现为双层袋》单层袋,而最高湿度表现为单层袋》双层袋.高温往往伴随极度干燥,当袋内温度超过35 ℃时,微域湿度一般低于40%.套袋对苹果果实品质有重要影响,果实外观品质以双层袋较好、单层袋较差;而双层袋中又以XL袋效果最好.     

The occurrence of "mixed" nuclear bag intrafusal fibers in the cat muscle spindle

A total of 147 muscle spindles was studied histochemically in serial transverse sections of 42 cat tenuissimus muscle specimens. Nuclear bag1, nuclear bag2 and nuclear chain intrafusal muscle fibers were distinguished by the differential staining resulting from the reactions for myosin adenosine 5'-triphosphatase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase. The majority of intrafusal fibers were of the same histochemical type at both fiber poles. However, seven muscle spindles contained one nuclear bag fiber each that presented as a bag1 in one pole and as a bag2 in the other pole. These "mixed" nuclear bag fibers were found in spindles that also contained at least one bag1 and one bag2 fiber of equivalent histochemical presentation in both fiber poles. The "mixed" bag fibers displayed differences of apparent fiber diameter and relative polar length between the two fiber poles. The motor innervation pattern, as revealed by staining for cholinesterase, was also dissimilar between the two poles of "mixed" bag fibers. The study indicates that the spindle equatorial region may in some instances serve as a boundary between two morphologically and histochemically different poles of the same intrafusal fiber.     

“四体一菌”应该如何称谓？

支原体、衣原体、立克次体、螺旋体和放线菌通常被称作"四体一菌",在教材编写中如何恰当地称谓和归属,一直是个难点,也是影响学生准确掌握"细菌"概念的关键.故于此提出疑问,恳请各位同仁切磋.     

“一枝好”育发液促进毛发生长及机制探讨

目的:考察利用新疆维吾尔族传统药物研制成的"一枝好"育发液促进毛发生长的效果,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法:采用硫化钠溶液建立昆明小鼠化学性脱发实验模型,将30只昆明小鼠随机分为实验组、阳性对照组(章光101育发剂)、空白对照组,以毛发评分、毛长、毛重以及毛囊数为指标,考察小鼠新生毛发生长情况。对脱毛后21天的脱毛区皮肤毛长、毛重、毛囊数进行测量和统计分析。并利用MTT法初步探讨"一枝好"育发液对人脐静脉血管内皮细胞(HUVEC)增殖的影响。结果:实验组脱毛区体毛生长评分及毛长,与空白对照组差异显著,并且略高于阳性对照组。对小鼠毛重与毛囊数的统计结果显示,与空白对照组和阳性对照组相比,实验组均有显著性差异(P0.01,P0.001)。"一枝好"育发液能够促进人脐静脉血管内皮细胞(HUVEC)增殖。结论:利用新疆维吾尔族传统药物研制成的"一枝好"育发液,能够显著促进小鼠毛发生长,初步推断其作用机制与促进毛囊生长和促进血管内皮细胞增殖有关。     

Clinical ethics and nursing: "yes" to caring, but "no" to a female ethics of care

According to a contemporary school of thought there is a specific female approach to ethics which is based not on abstract "male" ethical principles or rules, but on "care". Nurses have taken a keen interest in these female approaches to ethics. Drawing on the views expounded by Carol Gilligan and Nel Noddings, nurses claim that a female "ethics of care" better captures their moral experiences than a traditional male "ethics of justice". This paper argues that "care" is best understood in a dispositional sense, that is, as sensitivity and responsiveness to the particularities of a situation and the needs of "concrete" others. While "care", in this sense, is necessary for ethics, it is not sufficient. Ethics needs "justice" as well as "care". If women and nurses excessively devalue principles and norms, they will be left without the theoretical tools to condemn some actions or practices, and to defend others. They will, like generations of nurses before them, be condemned to silence.     

The ovalbumin split gene: molecular cloning of Eco RI fragments "c" and "d".

The Eco RI fragments "c" and "d" of the ovalbumin gene (1, 2) have been isolated by molecular cloning. Restriction enzyme mapping and electron microscopy have confirmed that the two fragments contain the same ovalbumin mRNA coding sequences. These sequences are split into two regions which have been mapped in fragments "c" and "d". There is no evidence that the ovalbumin mRNA sequences contained in these fragments could be further interrupted. Our results confirm that the presence of Eco RI fragment "d" in some chickens is due to the existence of an allelic variant of the ovalbumin gene which contains an additional Eco RI site within the region corresponding to Eco RI fragment "c". This additional Eco RI site appears to be the main difference between the two alleles. Finally, our results provide a direct demonstration that most of the ovalbumin mRNA sequences are encoded for by Eco RI fragments "a", "b" and "c".     

"Immunoreactive dynorphin" in Escherichia coli: tracer degradation by a heat-stable endopeptidase

Escherichia coli cells contain and secrete into the growth medium a heat-stable tryptic enzyme, which degrades the radiolabeled dynorphin tracer peptide during radioimmunoassay, simulating the presence of "immunoreactive dynorphin". The validity of an immunoassay procedure, in each new application, must remain in doubt until tracer integrity has been proved.     

CLINICAL ETHICS AND NURSING: "YES" TO CARING, BUT "NO" TO A FEMALE ETHICS OF CARE

According to a contemporary school of thought there is a specific female approach to ethics which is based not on abstract "male" ethical principles or rules, but on "care". Nurses have taken a keen interest in these female approaches to ethics. Drawing on the views expounded by Carol Gilligan and Nel Noddings, nurses claim that a female "ethics of care" better captures their moral experiences than a traditional male "ethics of justice". This paper argues that "care" is best understood in a dispositional sense, that is, as sensitivity and responsiveness to the particularities of a situation and the needs of "concrete" others. While "care", in this sense, is necessary for ethics, it is not sufficient. Ethics needs "justice" as well as "care". If women and nurses excessively devalue principles and norms, they will be left without the theoretical tools to condemn some actions or practices, and to defend others. They will, like generations of nurses before them, be condemned to silence.     

Interactions between Azotobacter and "phosphobacteria" and their establishment in the rhizosphere as affected by soil fertility.

The effects on plant growth of "bacterial fertilizers" prepared from Azotobacter spp. and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria ("phosphobacteria") have been the subject of much controversy. Cases where no plant-growth stimulation occurred may often be accounted for by the failure to establish the bacterial inocula in the rhizosphere. Three factors that may influence inocula establishment, i.e. soil fertility, manuring, and interactions between Azotobacter and "phosphobacteria," were examined in pot experiments, designed for statistical analysis, in two neutral-alkaline soils, using lavender plants (Lavandula spica L.). During the experiments the numbers of Azotobacter and "phosphobacteria" were counted. Dry weights of roots and shoots were recorded after 16 weeks of growth. At the end of the experiments there were always more Azotobacter and "phosphobacteria" in the rhizospheres when plants were inoculated with both groups of organisms together than when they were inoculated singly. Addition of 2% farmyard manure to the richer soil enhanced this effect. Plant growth was greatest when seedlings were inoculated with both Azotobacter and the "phosphobacteria".     

Mutagenicity in the Salmonella/microsome assay of tobacco condensates formed during pipe smoking

The condensates collected after pipe smoking of a natural tobacco and a cavendish type tobacco, either unwrapped or wrapped in a paper "saver" bag, were tested for mutagenicity in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay with strains TA100 and TA98. The number of revertants induced with cavendish type tobacco in the presence of metabolic activation (mouse-liver S9) was higher in both strains compared to the natural tobacco. Further increase in the number of revertants (approx. 3 times) was consistently seen when the tobacco was smoked after paper wrapping "savers".     

Stimulatory effect of the cord blood fraction below 5 kDa and "Actovegin" on the growth of continuous cell lines

The influence of the cattle cord blood fraction with molecular weight of components below 5 kDa on adhesive and proliferative properties of continuous cell lines BHK-21 clone q3/04 and PK-15-IECVM was investigated in comparison with the preparation "Actovegin". It was shown that adding this fraction as well as "Actovegin" to growth media did not affect the efficiency of culture attachment, promoted culture spreading, improved cell morphology and stimulated mitotic activity of the cultures. The efficiency of the cord blood fraction below 5 kDa estimated by the induces studied was found to be higher than the "Actovegin" efficiency when cells being cultivated in the media different contents of blood serum.