辣椒核质互作雄性不育系线粒体不育基因CoxⅡ和atp6的克隆与序列分析

以辣椒核质互作雄性不育系9704A、保持系9704B和恢复系9701(简称"三系")为材料,根据GenBank报道的茄科作物线粒体CoxⅡ和atp6基因编码序列分别设计引物, PCR扩增辣椒"三系"线粒体DNA目的基因片段,研究辣椒"三系"线粒体DNA CoxⅡ和atp6基因的差异及与雄性不育的关系.结果表明:从辣椒核质互作雄性不育系中扩增到两个基因的部分序列atp6-706和CoxⅡ-708,GenBank登录号分别为FJ986191和FJ986190,生物信息学分析发现分离的atp6-706和CoxⅡ-708片段与GenBank报道的茄科作物线粒体CoxⅡ和atp6基因的相似性高达95%以上;在保持系和恢复系中均未能扩增到任何序列,说明辣椒雄性不育系的CoxⅡ和atp6基因与保持系和恢复系在线粒体DNA水平上存在差异,这种结构上的变化暗示可能与辣椒雄性不育相关.     

粘类小麦细胞质雄性不育基因的初步研究

许多细胞质雄性不育(CMS)基因涉及ATP合成酶基因或细胞色素氧化酶基因的片段,该研究选用‘中国春'小麦(Triticum aestivum)的atp1+atp9、atp6、atp8、cox2、cox3、nad9和T型小麦不育系的orf256基因片段作探针,对粘类小麦不育系、保持系、恢复系及其F1进行Northern杂交分析,以探寻粘类小麦不育系的CMS候选基因.结果发现,atp6在4种粘类不育系中的转录本大于保持系;cox3在4种不育系中的转录本小于保持系.由此推测atp6或cox3基因可能参与了粘类小麦CMS的形成.     

水稻两种细胞质雄性不育“三系”及其F1杂交种线粒体DNA的RFLP分析

对水稻BT型和WA型细胞质的雄性不育系,相应保持系和恢复系以及杂种的mtDNA用12个线粒体探针进行了RFLP分析,结果如下(1)BT型和WA型不育系的mtDNA在组织结构上存在差异;(2)不育系的mtDNA与其保持系间存在显著差异,推测mtDNA与水稻的cms有关;(3)atp9探针检测到WA型不育系与F1之间的多态性,Frag36探针检测到BT型不育系与F1之间的多态性,Frag9探针检测到WA型和BT型不育系与其F1之间的多态性,证明核恢复基因影响mtDNA的结构;(4)对mtDNA的结构变异与细胞质雄性不育的关系进行了分析与探讨.     

苎麻细胞质雄性不育"三系"ISSR特异片段克隆和序列分析

利用ISSR分子标记技术对苎麻细胞质雄性不育"三系"mtDNA进行多态性分析;在选用的38个IS-SR引物中,有6个引物的扩增产物在不育系、保持系和恢复系之间存在差异。对这些特异性片段进行克隆和序列测定,结果表明:片段21-MS全长956bp,包含一个525bp的完整编码区,共编码174个氨基酸。片段31-M/R全长778bp,包含一个404bp的不完整编码区,共编码134个氨基酸;其核苷酸和氨基酸序列与已报道的多种植物中的番茄红素β-环化酶基因分别存在71～76和73～77的同源性。     

与烟草细胞质雄性不育相关的线粒体基因atp9的mRNA研究

已知导入未编辑atp9 mRNA的烟草表现细胞质雄性不育(CMS),因此认为线粒体基因atp9是引起高等植物CMS的主要基因。为了解atp9在CMS中的作用机制,从3对烟草不育系及其同型保持系中提取atp9,利用实验与理论结合来分析其mRNA在编辑前后以及在不育系及其同型保持系中的一维、三维信息差别。结果表明,atp9mRNA一维信息方面的差异,更重要的是二级结构的差异和稳定性,可能是影响ATP合成而导致CMS的根本原因。     

紫稻(Oryza sativa L.)线粒体ATP酶atp9基因转录本RNA编辑

紫稻（Oryza sativa L．）细胞质雄性不育系是本实验室新构建的新型细胞质雄性不育系。本研究使用PCR、RT—PCR等技术,得到了紫稻不育系（樱香A）及其保持系（樱香B）线粒体atp9基因的基因组序列和cDNA序列。通过对这些序列的分析发现：樱香A atp9 cDNA序列中,没有发生RNA编辑;而樱香B atp 9cDNA序列中有2个编辑位点,在樱香BcDNA序列2个编辑位点中,223位点由C替换为T,导致原来编码精氨酸密码子成为终止密码子,保证atp9 mRNA编码一个“正常长度”的ATP9多肽。而由于没有终止密码子,樱香AmRNA就不能翻译成正常的多肽。上述研究表明,RNA编辑在生成正常的ATP9多肽的过程中发挥了重要作用,同时也说明RNA编辑可能与细胞质雄性不育相关。     

水稻两种细胞质雄性不育“三系”及其F1杂交种线粒体DNA的RFLP分析

对水稻BT型和WA型细胞质的雄性不育系,相应保持系和恢复系以及杂种的mtD-NA用12个线粒探针进行了RFLP分析,结果如下：（1）BT型和WA型不育系的mtDNA在组织结构上存在差异;（2）不育系的mtDNA与其保持系间存在显著差异,推测mtDNA与水稻的cms有关;（3）atp9探针检测到WA型不育系与F1之间的多态性,Frag36探针检测到BT型不育系与F1之间的多态性,Frag9探针检测到WA型和BT型不育系与其F1之间的多态性,证明核恢复基因影响mtDNA的结构;（4）对mtDNA的结构变异与细胞质雄性不育的关系进行了分析与探讨。     

苎麻细胞质雄性不育“三系”ISSR 特异片段克隆和序列分析

利用ISSR 分子标记技术对苎麻细胞质雄性不育“三系”mtDNA 进行多态性分析; 在选用的38 个ISSR引物中, 有6 个引物的扩增产物在不育系、保持系和恢复系之间存在差异。对这些特异性片段进行克隆和序列测定, 结果表明: 片段21-MS 全长956 bp , 包含一个525 bp 的完整编码区, 共编码174 个氨基酸。片段31-M􊄯R 全长778 bp , 包含一个404 bp 的不完整编码区, 共编码134 个氨基酸; 其核苷酸和氨基酸序列与已报道的多种植物中的番茄红素β-环化酶基因分别存在71%～76%和73%～77%的同源性。     

水稻孢子体细胞质雄性不育系线粒体DNA的RAPD分析

利用200个10nt随机引物对水稻孢子体细胞质雄性不育系珍汕97A、保持系珍汕97B、F1代汕优63、恢复系明恢63和另一种孢子体细胞质雄性不育系马协A、保持系马协B、F1代马协63的线粒体DNA进行PCR扩增。在36℃的退火温度下,有132个引物扩增出了清晰的、重复性较好的条带。同一组合内的不育系同保持系、恢复系之间线粒体DNA随机引物扩增产物的多态性明显高于不育系与F1代。不育系与F1代线粒体DNA的扩增产物也存在多态性。一些特异性的差异片段可能与水稻CMS相关。     

高粱A1型细胞质雄性不育系与保持系线粒体基因组分析比较

线粒体基因组易位是导致作物细胞质雄性不育(Cytoplasmic male sterility,CMS)性状产生的重要遗传机制。比较高粱A1型细胞质雄性不育系与保持系线粒体基因组,寻找易位区为克隆高粱A1型细胞质雄性不育相关基因奠定基础。以高粱A1型细胞质雄性不育系Tx623A和其保持系Tx623B为试验材料,采用二代Illumina Hiseq结合三代PacBio测序技术,对2个样品的线粒体基因组进行组装,比较和分析不育系和保持系基因组结构和基因差异。高粱Tx623A和Tx623B线粒体基因组大小分别为449 727 bp和452 772 bp,预测编码开放阅读框(Open reading frame,ORFs)分别为147和145个,且两基因组特有基因分别为8个和6个。两线粒体基因组共线性比较分析,发现存在一个57 kb的基因组片段易位的结构变异(Structural variation,SV)区域,该易位区可能与A1型细胞质雄性不育有关。Tx623A和Tx623B线粒体基因组中易位区为高粱A1型细胞质雄性不育基因克隆提供了基因组信息。     

A comparative study of the atp9 gene between a cytoplasmic male sterile line and its maintainer line and further development of a molecular marker specific for male sterile cytoplasm in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.)

mtDNA was isolated from cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) line P3A and its maintainer P3B of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.). The atp9 gene and its two flanking sequences were obtained using homology cloning and high-efficiency thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR methods. The coding sequences showed only two base pairs difference between the CMS and its maintainer, and shared a homology of over 87 % with atp9 genes from other species in GenBank. However, when comparing the flanking sequences, a 47-bp deletion was characterized at the 3′ flanking sequence of atp9 in the CMS line. Quantitative PCR analysis indicated that the expression level of atp9 in the CMS line was 0.937-fold that of its maintainer. Furthermore, the respiratory rate of anthers in the CMS line was markedly lower than that of its maintainer. The results indicated that the 47-bp deletion at the 3′ flanking sequence of atp9 and/or down-regulated expression of the atp9 gene in the CMS line might be closely related to CMS in kenaf. To confirm whether the 47-bp deletion was specific to cytoplasm of male sterile lines, another 21 varieties were used for further analysis. The results showed that the 47-bp deletion was specific to male sterile cytoplasm (MSC) of kenaf. Based on these, a specific molecular marker was developed to distinguish the MSC from male fertile cytoplasm of kenaf.     

紫稻(Oryza sativa L.)线粒体ATP合成酶 atp6 基因转录本 RNA 编辑

紫稻（Oryza sativa L.）细胞质雄性不育系紫稻A是本实验室构建的新型细胞质雄性不育系。本研究使用PCR、RT-PCR、DNA测序等技术,得到了紫稻细胞质雄性不育水稻不育系（樱香A）及其保持系（樱香B）线粒体atp6基因转录本cDNA序列。通过与基因组序列比对发现：樱香Aatp6cDNA序列中,没有发生RNA编辑;而樱香Batp6 cDNA序列中有16个编辑位点,在樱香B cDNA序列16个编辑位点位于15个密码子中,所编码的氨基酸均发生改变：在1003位点由C替换为T,导致原来编码谷氨酰胺密码子（CAA）成为终止密码子（TAA）,保证atp6 mRNA编码一个正常的ATP6多肽;而由于没有发生RNA编辑,樱香A mRNA就不能翻译成正常的多肽。研究表明,RNA编辑在合成正常的ATP6多肽的过程中具有至关重要的作用,同时也说明RNA编辑可能与细胞质雄性不育相关。     

甘蓝型油菜pol CMS育性恢复基因对orf224/atp6的转录调控

用 10个线粒体基因探针对波里马细胞质雄性不育 (polimaCMS)三系 1141A(pol) ,1141B(nap)和 1141R(pol)的花蕾线粒体RNA进行了Northern检测。结果表明 ,只有 3个探针atp6、orf2 2 4和orf2 2 2检测到转录本的差异。atp6在可育的 1141B中只转录产生一个丰度很高的 1 1kb转录本 ,在雄性不育的 1141A和pol胞质恢复系 1141R中 ,这个转录本的丰度明显减少并出现了分子量较大的 2个转录本 2 2kb、1 9kb转录本。与 1141A相比 ,恢复系1141R的 2 2kb和 1 9kb转录本丰度明显减少 ,并伴随着两个新的转录本 1 4kb和 1 3kb。表明orf2 2 4 atp6的表达与polCMS有关 ,并且其转录受到恢复基因Rfp的调控。同时通过对杂种F1 ( 1141A× 1141R)与另一个恢复系RS35 (pol)的比较证实 ,Rfp对orf2 2 4 atp6的调控与Rfp纯合与否无关。orf2 2 4 atp6在 1141A的苗期叶片中还转录产生育性恢复特异的 1 4kb转录本 ,这可能与细胞核基因型和相对低温条件有关。     

A Comparative Analysis of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">atp8</Emphasis> Gene Between a Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line and Its Maintainer and Further Development of a Molecular Marker Specific to Male Sterile Cytoplasm in Kenaf (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hibiscus cannabinus</Emphasis> L.)

In this study, the atp8 gene was cloned from the cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line UG93A and its maintainer line UG93B in kenaf. Its DNA sequence analysis showed that atp8 containing 480-bp, encoding 159 amino acid residues, and a 9-bp insertion was found at the 3′flanking sequence in UG93A compared with UG93B. The cDNA sequence of atp8 analyzed by RT-PCR indicated that there were five loci edited, but six loci edited in UG93B. The editing frequencies were higher in sterile cytoplasm than in fertile cytoplasm. The relative expression of atp8 analyzed by real-time PCR showed that the expressed level of atp8 in UG93A was lower than that of its maitainer UG93B and its F₁ hybrid UG93A/992 (a restore line). Furthermore, based on the difference of the 9-bp differences at the 3′flanking sequence of atp8 between UG93A and UG93B, a molecular marker specific to male sterile cytoplasm was developed, which can be used for indentifying whether any germplasm of kenaf is male sterile cytoplasm or male fertile cytoplasm.     

A pentatricopeptide repeat-containing gene that promotes the processing of aberrant atp6 RNA of cytoplasmic male-sterile rice

A fertility restorer gene (Rf-1) of [ms-bo] cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in rice has been reported to be responsible for the processing of RNA of aberrant atp6 of mitochondria. We have carried out map-based cloning of the Rf-1 gene and found that a 4.7-kb genomic fragment of a restorer line promoted the processing of aberrant atp6 RNA when introduced into a CMS line. The genomic fragment contained a single open reading frame encoding 18 repeats of the 35 amino acid pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) motif. The cloned PPR gene is a possible candidate of Rf-1. A non-restoring genotype was identified to have deletions within the coding region.     

Development of a molecular marker specific to a novel CMS line in radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

In this study, we have investigated the cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) of a novel male sterile radish line, designated NWB CMS. The NWB CMS was crossed with 16 fertile breeding lines, and all the progenies were completely male sterile. The degree of male sterility exhibited by NWB CMS is more than Ogura CMS from the Cruciferae family. The NWB CMS was found to induce 100% male sterility when crossed with all the tested breeding lines, whereas the Ogura CMS did not induce male sterility with any of the breeding lines. PCR analysis revealed that the molecular factor that influenced Ogura CMS, the orf138 gene, was absent in the NWB CMS line, and that the orf138 gene was not also expressed in this CMS line. In order to identify the cytoplasmic factors that confer male sterility in the NWB CMS line, we carried out RFLP analyses with 32 mitochondrial genes, all of which were used as probes. Fourteen genes exhibited polymorphisms between the NWB CMS line and other radish cultivars. Based on these RFLP data, intergenic primers were developed in order to amplify the intergenic regions between the polymorphic genes. Among these, a primer pair at the 3′ region of the atp6 gene (5′-cgcttggactatgctatgtatga-3′) and the 5′ region of the nad3 gene (5′-tcatagagaaatccaatcgtcaa-3′) produced a 2 kbp DNA fragment as a result of PCR. This DNA fragment was found to be specific to NWB CMS and was not present in other CMS types. It appears that this fragment could be used as a DNA marker to select NWB CMS line in a radish-breeding program.     

红莲型杂交稻(红莲2号)及其骨干亲本的RAPD分析与鉴定

利用RAPD技术,从248个随机寡核苷酸引物（10－mer）中筛出18个引物对红莲型杂交稻组合红莲2号及其亲本（T－07A、T－07B、YD6－05）,另6个红莲型胞质不育系的骨干恢复和汕优63及其亲本共14份水稻材料进行分析。共检测到173个多态性标记。聚类分析结果表明：不育系与保持系间因核背景相似,遗传差异很小;杂种（F1）的基因型更倾向于恢复系;恢复系与保持系间遗传距离的相对较大,但各恢复系之间的遗传距离较小。利用这些标记能有效地地区交组合中不育系,保持系、恢复系和杂种（F1）。