生长调节剂调控龙眼冲梢的研究

为高效、安全地调控龙眼冲梢,在龙眼花芽形态分化开始期(露红点期)和花穗主轴长6～9 cm的花穗展叶期,施用生长调节剂,比较了不同方法调控龙眼冲梢的效果。结果发现龙眼花芽形态分化开始期树冠喷施200 mg/kg乙烯利+150 mg/kg多效唑混合液和土施多效唑每株4 g处理控冲梢效果都显著高于对照,冲梢率分别是10.5%和7.6%,在花穗小叶处于展叶期虹吸输300 mg/kg乙烯利防控龙眼冲梢有效且安全。     

龙眼结果母枝培养及冬梢与花穗“冲梢”调控（综述）

本文综述龙眼不同抽生期结果母枝的特性,优良结果母枝的生物学指标与培养措施;冬梢发生原因和调控技术;花穗“冲梢”的原因,类型及调控途径。     

植物的成花逆转

成花逆转是生长发发育过程中的特殊现象,与环境因素、成花决定的程度及遗传因素有关。逆转为我们从另一角度研究开花现象提供了一个枘地。文章主要介绍成花志的类型,研究成花的逆转的体系。引起成花逆转的因素以及逆转九一与成花决定之间的关系。     

植物成花转变及成花逆转的研究进展

本文主要讨论了植物成花转变及成花逆转等开花研究中应用分子生物学技术所取得的一些进展,描述了成花决定态的特性,5个从拟南芥中分离获得的成花转变的基因,有关光受体的分子生物学研究和造成成花逆转的原因等。     

龙眼结果母枝培养及冬梢与花穗“冲梢”调控(综述)

本文综述龙眼不同抽生期结果母枝的特性,优良结果母枝的生物学指标与培养措施;冬梢发生原因和调控技术;花穗“冲梢”的原因、类型及调控途径。     

龙眼花芽形成及其调控研究进展(综述)

龙眼正常的花芽分化和“冲销”的分化过程差异很大。其花芽分化与营养、温度、光照、水分、内源激素的关系密切。应用各种措施进行龙眼花芽形成及产期调控取得了良好的效果,但仍存在诸多问题需要进一步深入研究。     

植物成花转变过程的基因调控

以往对植物从营养生长向生殖生长转变（即成花转变）的研究大多集中在形态学和细胞学等方面。近十几年来,人们对成花转变的分子机制又有了一定的了解。本文介绍这一领域的最新进展。     

药剂输液滴干对龙眼成花的影响

虹吸输液滴干技术作为一种新型的输液技术,能显著提高龙眼对调节剂的利用率。该研究利用虹吸输液滴干技术来研究氯酸钾与多效唑对龙眼成花的影响,同时探索从花芽生理分化期开始控制龙眼冲梢的方法。结果表明：氯酸钾输液滴干不但能够促使龙眼提早开花,而且能够提高其成花率、抽穗率、雌雄花比例与坐果率。不同品种龙眼对氯酸钾的敏感度不同,‘石硖’对氯酸钾最为敏感,但稳定性低;‘储良’对氯酸钾的敏感性低,但稳定度高;‘桂香’对氯酸钾的敏感性与稳定度居中。从整体上看,‘石硖’的处理效果最好,最佳处理次数为3次,每次施用7.5 L浓度为1 g·L-1的氯酸钾,处理后枝梢成花率、枝梢抽穗率、雌雄花比例、坐果率分别为53.67％、59.38％、16.01和19.58％。多效唑输液滴干对‘桂龙1号’的控梢效果显著,有效促进了龙眼成花,并以160 mg·L-1的多效唑溶液处理效果最佳,抽梢率为15.16％,抽穗率、雌花率、花穗长、花穗宽和坐果率分别为96.53％、10.36％、21.95 cm、12.96 cm和38.37％。药剂输液滴干技术施用氯酸钾和多效唑对于龙眼成花坐果有积极作用,该研究结果为实现高效、省工、环保的果园管理模式提供了借鉴。     

龙眼化学调控技术研究

本文总结1986～1996年对龙眼结果母校与产量的相关性、花芽分化及生理落果与内源激素（iPAs、GAs、ABa及LAA）的关系,以及外源激素对花芽分化及生理落果调控作用的研究结果。报道龙眼化学调控技术在生产上试验、示范及推广应用的效果。     

龙眼化学调控技术研究

本文总结１９８６￣１９９６年对龙眼结果母枝与产量的相关性、花芽分化及生理落果与内源激素的关系,以及外源激素对花芽分化及生理落果调控作用的研究结果。报道龙眼化学调控技术在生产上试验,示范及推广应用的效果。     

植物开花逆转研究进展

介绍了植物开花逆转的概念,类型,发生条件,综述了在形态发生,生理,分子生物学等方面的研究进展,探讨了将开花逆转应用于植物发育生物学研究的可能性,作者提出,采用“诱导－非诱导－逆转”三位一体的实验系统,可提高植物光周期反应研究试验结果的可靠性,特别是可以提高在研究开花机理时的基因表达时空性方面的可靠性。     

植物开花逆转研究进展

介绍了植物开花逆转的概念、类型、发生条件,综述了在形态发生、生理、分子生物学等方面的研究进展,探讨了将开花逆转应用于植物发育生物学研究的可能性。作者提出,采用“诱导—非诱导—逆转”三位一体的实验系统,可提高植物光周期反应研究试验结果的可靠性,特别是可以提高在研究开花机理时的基因表达时空性方面的可靠性。     

Identification of Members of the Dimocarpus Longan Flowering Locus T Gene Family with Divergent Functions in Flowering

Dimocarpus longan is a subtropical fruit crop whose year-round production relies on the application of KClO₃ to induce flowering; however, the mechanism by which this chemical causes flowering is yet unknown. To further characterize floral signaling in this species, we have isolated three longan FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)-like genes and studied their activities by heterologous expression in Arabidopsis. Expression of two of these genes (DlFT2 and DlFT3) accelerates flowering, whereas expression of the third gene (DlFT1) causes delayed flowering and produced floral morphology defects. This anti-florigenic protein may be a member of a class of FT-like family involved in flowering time control in biennial and perennial species. Surprisingly, KClO₃ treatment also suppressed the expression of both DlFT2 and DlFT3 in a field trial.     

Floral Reversion in Arabidopsis suecica Is Correlated with the Onset of Flowering and Meristem Transitioning

Angiosperm flowers are usually determinate structures that may produce seeds. In some species, flowers can revert from committed flower development back to an earlier developmental phase in a process called floral reversion. The allopolyploid Arabidopsis suecica displays photoperiod-dependent floral reversion in a subset of its flowers, yet little is known about the environmental conditions enhancing this phenotype, or the morphological processes leading to reversion. We have used light and electron microscopy to further describe this phenomenon. Additionally, we have further studied the phenology of flowering and floral reversion in A. suecica. In this study we confirm and expand upon our previous findings that floral reversion in the allopolyploid A. suecica is photoperiod-dependent, and show that its frequency is correlated with the timing for the onset of flowering. Our results also suggest that floral reversion in A. suecica displays natural variation in its penetrance between geographic populations of A. suecica.     

Changes in Apical Growth and Phyllotaxis on Flowering and Reversion in Impatiens balsamina L.

When plants of Impatiens balsamina L were subjected to 5 shortdays and then re-placed in long days, they began to form a terminalflower and then reverted to vegetative growth at this terminalshoot apex The onset of flowering was accompanied by an increasein the rate of initiation of primordia, an increase in the growthrate of the apex, a change in primordium arrangement from spiralto whorled or pseudo-whorled, a lack of internodes, and a reductionm the size at initiation of the primordia and also of the stemfrusta which give rise to nodal and internodal tissues On reversion,parts intermediate between petals and leaves were formed, followedby leaves, although in reverted apices the size at initiationand the arrangement of primordia remained the same as in thefloweing apex The apical growth rate and the rate of primordiuminitiation were less in the reverted apices than in floral apicesbut remained higher than in the original vegetative apex Sincethe changes in apical growth which occur on the transition toflowering are not reversed on reversion, the development oforgans as leaves or petals is not directly related to the growthrate of the apex, or the arrangement, rate of initiation orsize at initiation of primordia Impatiens balsamina L, flower reversion, evocation, phyllotaxis, shoot meristem     

烟草薄层培养器官发生的控制及细胞学观察

普通烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)花梗表皮薄层组织在不同生长素和细胞分裂素配比的MS培养基上及不同的培养条件下,可分别诱导,得到直接发生的营养芽和花芽,以及根和不发生器官分化的愈伤组织。组织间的相互联系,影响器官发育潜能的发挥。细胞学观察发现,直接发生的营养芽和花芽起源于薄层组织的亚表皮细胞层。     

光周期诱导甘蔗花芽分化及成花逆转过程中生理代谢的变化

以两个在自然条件下难开花的甘蔗品种‘ROCl6’和‘ROC22’为材料,研究经光周期诱导甘蔗花芽分化和成花逆转过程中叶片碳水化合物和可溶性蛋白质含量的变化。结果表明,未分化前,两品种经光周期诱导后叶片可溶性总糖、淀粉和蛋白质含量与对照相比无明显变化;从花芽分化诱变期开始,两品种叶片可溶性总糖、淀粉和蛋白质含量迅速增加,明显高于对照（未分化）。随着花芽进一步分化,其叶片可溶性总糖、淀粉含量逐渐降低并低于对照,处在一个较低的水平,蛋白质含量始终高于对照。成花逆转植株在花芽分化前期叶片可溶性总糖、淀粉和蛋白质含量也高于对照,但低于正常抽穗开花植株;之后随着花芽分化的停止,其叶片可溶性总糖、淀粉含量一直保持较稳定的水平,仅蛋白质略有降低。说明甘蔗花芽分化期间大量的基因表达并且合成各种蛋白质的过程需要消耗大量的碳水化合物。