蓖麻植物化学成分及生物活性研究进展CSCD

蓖麻(Ricinus communis L.)为大戟科蓖麻属植物,其整株可作为传统中药和民族药使用,具有治疗跌打损伤、泻下通滞和消肿拔毒等功效。化学研究表明,蓖麻具有多种化学成分,类型涉及萜类、甾醇类、黄酮类、脂肪酸类、生育酚类、生物碱类、酚酸类和香豆素类,而且提取物及单体成分具有广泛的药理活性,包括抗肿瘤、抗糖尿病、抗氧化、消炎镇痛、抗生育、神经抑制、抑菌和杀虫等。本文旨在综述蓖麻的化学成分和生物药理活性,以期为蓖麻的后续研究和综合开发利用提供科学依据。     

甜叶菊化学成分及药理活性研究进展

甜叶菊是一种具有广阔前景的菊科植物,主要化学成分包括黄酮类、二萜类、挥发油类等;甜叶菊提取物具有抗氧化、抑菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、调节免疫等药理活性。本文对甜叶菊化学成分及药理活性进行了综述,为其深度开发和高效综合利用提供参考。     

复方树舌液对肠道微生态失调小鼠的调节作用

目的应用复方树舌液作为微生态调节剂对肠道微生态失调小鼠进行调节。方法用盐酸林可霉素造成菌群失调模型,用复方树舌液进行治疗,在治疗期间分别检测各组小鼠的肠道优势菌群、乙酸、内毒素含量及肝脏肠杆菌易位。结果小鼠肠道菌群失调得到恢复、小鼠肠道内乙酸含量增加、内毒素含量下降、易位至肝脏的肠杆菌数量减少,与自然恢复组相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,树舌组优于丽珠肠乐组。结论复方树舌液作为益生元对小鼠肠道菌群失调具有调节作用。     

老鸦烟筒花的化学成分及药理作用研究进展

通过查阅近年来国内外的文献,对紫葳科植物老鸦烟筒花(Millingtonia hortensis L.)的化学成分及药理活性研究现状进行了整理和总结。老鸦烟筒花的主要化学成分和有效成分均为黄酮类化合物,另外还包括生物碱类、环己乙醇类、苯丙素苷类和三萜类等多种类型的化合物,药理活性显著,具有止咳、抗菌、消炎、抗癌、抗突变、驱虫、治疗糖尿病等多种作用。     

山茱萸化学成分、生物活性、复方应用及质量控制研究进展

山茱萸Cornus officinalis是一种重要的中药资源,中药的开发利用在天然产物的研究领域占据了重要的地位。山茱萸主要包括环烯醚萜、鞣质、黄酮、三萜、芳香酚酸、挥发油类等化学成分。现代研究表明,山茱萸具有肝肾保护,抗糖尿病,抗氧化,抗衰老,神经保护,抗肿瘤活性和调节毛发生长等生物活性。此外,含山茱萸的复方临床多用于补虚药和收涩药,且其质量控制分析方法多涉及为高效液相色谱法(HPLC)、液质联用(LC-MS)、气质联用(GC-MS)、电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)。经查阅近40年国内外文献,对山茱萸化学成分、生物活性、复方应用及质量控制进行综述,为该药用植物进一步深入开发与应用提供参考依据。     

复方树舌片对慢性肝炎病人肠道菌群的影响

复方树舌片应用于临床治疗肝炎已有几年的历史,临床应用表明,该药具有保肝清热、促进肝内各项代谢、消除病毒、抑制免疫复合物形成及调解机体免疫功能的作用。而肠道内的正常菌群与机体的免疫功能呈正相关。动物实验已证实,树舌     

白首乌化学成分与药理活性研究进展

白首乌类植物含有C21甾体酯甙类、磷脂类、苯乙酮甙类等化学成分,具有抗氧化、调节免疫功能、抗肿瘤、抗缺氧、降血脂等多种药理活性.主要综述了近年来白首乌类植物化学成分及药理活性研究进展概况.     

精神类疾病与肥胖的关系：催产素的作用机制

催产素(OT)在中枢神经系统中发挥重要的调节功能。催产素不仅可以调节人和动物的社会行为,它还通过瘦素诱导的信号通路调控食欲和脂肪代谢;催产素分泌失调可同时引发精神类疾病和代谢类疾病。催产素已经被应用于精神类疾病以及肥胖、糖尿病等代谢类疾病的研究和临床治疗中,进一步研究催产素的功能是揭示这些疾病作用机制的重要途径。     

基于超高效液相色谱-质谱技术及网络药理学探究大血藤治疗脑梗死的有效成分及其潜在作用机制CSCD

本文通过超高效液相色谱-串联高分辨质谱技术、网络药理学及分子对接技术探讨大血藤化学成分治疗脑梗死的潜在药效物质和作用机制。采用超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱技术对大血藤化学成分进行初步分析,鉴定得到大血藤中化学成分共20个,包括苯丙素类、蒽醌类、酚酸类和三萜类等。在化学成分分析基础上,通过网络药理学方法建立可视化的“化学成分-疾病靶标-生物通路”网络,筛选其治疗脑梗死的潜在核心靶点共71个,包括PIK3CA、SRC和STAT3等。KEGG通路富集结果表明,大血藤可通过调控HIF-1信号通路、sphingolipid信号通路、ErbB信号通路等多条信号通路发挥作用。我们进一步对核心靶点进行分子对接验证,结果显示大血藤化学成分3,4-二羟基苯乙醇葡萄糖苷、紫罗兰酮苷、大黄素甲醚等与APP、PIK3CA、STAT3等靶点均具有良好的亲和性。本研究揭示了大血藤通过多成分、多靶点、多通路的调控发挥治疗脑梗死的潜在作用机制,为未来深入阐释大血藤治疗脑梗死的药效物质基础和作用机制提供有利线索及参考依据。     

2型糖尿病并发多囊卵巢综合征与肠道菌群相关性的研究进展

2型糖尿病并发多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）的患病率逐年上升，但在临床中并未引起足够重视，二者并发增加了临床治疗难度，对患者的生活带来严重的不良影响。在药物治疗方面，虽然双胍类药物和SGLT-2抑制剂等治疗2型糖尿病并发PCOS具有一定的治疗效果，但受限于疾病发病机制不清及药物相关的不良反应，目前临床治疗此病的治疗效果欠佳，预后一般。研究发现，microRNA的异常表达、线粒体功能障碍、脂联素水平的下降与2型糖尿病并发PCOS密切相关。通过调节肠道菌群，可以调节microRNA的异常表达，改善线粒体功能障碍及升高血浆脂联素水平，提示肠道菌群失调可能是2型糖尿病并发PCOS的关键因素。因此，调节肠道菌群紊乱对治疗2型糖尿病并发PCOS具有重要意义。     

Helicobacter pylori. One bacterium and a broad spectrum of human disease! An overview.

Since the historical rediscovery of gastric spiral Helicobacter pylori in the gastric mucosa of patients with chronic gastritis by Warren and Marshall in 1983, peptic ulcer disease has been largely viewed as being of infectious aetiology. Indeed, there is a strong association between the presence of H. pylori and chronic active gastritis in histology. The bacterium can be isolated in not less than 70% of gastric and in over 90% of duodenal ulcer patients. Eradication of the organism has been associated with histologic improvement of gastritis, lower relapse rate and less risk of bleeding from duodenal ulcer. The bacterium possesses several virulence factors enabling it to survive the strong acid milieu inside the stomach and possibly damaging host tissues. The sequence of events by which the bacterium might cause gastric or duodenal ulcer is still not fully elucidated and Koch's postulates have never been fulfilled. In the majority of individuals, H. pylori infection is largely or entirely asymptomatic and there is no convincing data to suggest an increase in the prevalence of peptic ulcer disease among these subjects. An increasingly growing body of literature suggests an association between colonization by H. pylori in the stomach and a risk for developing gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), MALT lymphoma, gastric adenocarcinoma and even pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The bacterium has been implicated also in a number of extra-gastrointestinal disorders such as ischaemic heart disease, ischaemic cerebrovascular disease, atherosclerosis, and skin diseases such as rosacea, but a causal role for the bacterium is missing. Eradication of H. pylori thus seems to be a beneficial impact on human health. Various drug regimens are in use to eradicate H. pylori involving the administration of three or four drugs including bismuth compounds, metronidazole, clarithromycin, tetracyclines, amoxycillin, ranitidine, omeprazole for 1-2 weeks. The financial burden, side effects and emergence of drug resistant strains due to an increase in the use in antibiotics for H. pylori eradication therapy need further reconsideration.     

Helicobacter pylori gastritis: a Th1 mediated disease?

Helicobacter pylori is now considered to be the main cause for most stomach diseases including ulcer, MALT lymphoma, adenocarcinoma and gastritis. The infection with this bacterium is chronic despite a local and systemic immune response towards it. Among the cellular infiltrate that arises during H. pylori-mediated gastritis, there is a considerable frequency of CD4+ Th1 cells producing IFNgamma, but not of Th2 cells producing IL-4. Since IFNgamma may induce binding of H. pylori to gastric epithelial cells followed by apoptosis of these cells, one may speculate that H. pylori-mediated diseases are in part autoimmune diseases initiated by H. pylori-specific Th1 cells infiltrating the gastric mucosa. Recent support for this hypothesis comes from an animal model in which mice are infected with H. pylori and display strongly reduced gastritis in the absence of IFNgamma.     

Presence of the cagA Gene in the Majority of Helicobacter pylori Strains Is Independent of Whether the Individual Has Duodenal Ulcer or Asymptomatic Gastritis

Background Helicobacter pylori infection presents as many different diseases, including asymptomatic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. Although the virulence factor(s) responsible for different H. pylori-related diseases have not been identified, several candidate genes are being investigated for such an association. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) frequently is used to assess the presence of genetic factors associated with pathogenesis of disease; the cagA gene and its product have been postulated to have a disease-specific relationship to peptic ulcer and gastric cancer because of differential expression in these diseases compared to histological gastritis alone. Materials and Methods. Genomic DNA was amplified by PCR, using synthetic oligonucleotide primers to the cagA gene to determine the prevalence of the cagA gene in 60 H. pylori isolates obtained from well-documented duodenal ulcer or asymptomatic gastritis patients (30 each). Results were confirmed by hybridization with a 1.4-Kb cagA probe. Results. The expected PCR product was obtained in 90% of isolates from duodenal ulcer patients, compared to 70% of isolates from individuals with asymptomatic gastritis. The PCR products were polymorphic in size, suggesting cagA gene sequence differences among isolates. Evaluation for the presence of the cagA gene by hybridization with a 1.4-Kb cagA probe showed a homologous product in 29 of 30 strains [96.7%; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 83–100%] from duodenal ulcer patients versus 25 of 30 strains (83.3%; 95% CI = 65–94%) obtained from individuals with asymptomatic gastritis (p= 0.19). Conclusions. The high prevalence of the cagA gene in asymptomatic gastritis suggests that it will not prove to be a useful marker to distinguish more virulent or disease-specific H. pylori strains. The genetic heterogeneity among H. pylori strains makes PCR an unwise choice as the single method to determine prevalence of a putative virulence factor. In evaluation of the prevalence of a gene or genetic factor in a population of H. pylori, hybridization with extended probes might be important to ensure that the results are representative of the organism's genotype.     

幽门螺杆菌感染的防治研究进展

幽门螺杆菌 ( HP)的发现使慢性胃炎和消化性溃疡发病学和防治学面临着一场革命 ,HP与胃癌关系也十分密切。随着对 HP研究的不断深入 ,从分子水平对 HP的致病机理有了更深的了解。常规的治疗方法如抗生素虽然可以暂时控制 HP的感染 ,但是由于易产生耐药性等许多新的问题 ,因此迫切需要研究新的防治策略。利用 HP抗原与佐剂联合使用或用减毒的沙门氏菌来表达HP的抗原 ,进行口服免疫防治 HP的感染是目前研究的热点。动物模型试验结果证明这种策略是行之有效的     

Flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle in chronic gastritis.

Flow cytometric cell cycle analysis was recorded in gastric biopsy specimens from patients with normal gastric mucosa (GM), superficial gastritis (SG) and chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). Cell-cycle analysis showed significantly higher percentages of cells in S- and S+G2/M-phase in CAG than in SG and normal GM (P < 0.0001). Moreover, CAG with severe or moderate atrophy showed significantly higher percentages of cells in S-phase (P < 0.05) and S+G2/M-phase (P < 0.02) than CAG with mild atrophy in antrum. In fundus, even if this increase was observed, it did not reach statistical significance. Consideration of concomitant pathologic findings such as oesophagite, gastric or duodenal ulcer, duodenite or benign polyp allowed a better differentiation of CAG both in antrum and in fundus. Significantly higher S-phase was observed in CAG with severe or moderate atrophy than in CAG with mild atrophy (P < 0.05). No statistically significant results were observed in patients with normal gastric mucosa or chronic gastritis and a concomitant pathologic finding.     

Stress ulcer modulation by limbic system structures.

A number of studies suggest that the telencephalic limbic system modulates stress ulcer development. The amygdala is assumed to connect sensory experiences, including stressful stimuli, with the emotional reactions and gastrointestinal effects normally produce. The hippocampal formation (entorhinal cortex, dentate gyrus, hippocampus) is part of a gating system, modulating the organism's coping ability. Changes in transmission in this temporal brain region are linked to individual differences in stress ulcer severity. Interactions among "classical" transmitters and several neuropeptides mediate these differences.     

小儿消化性疾病的胃电图变化及与临床特点和胃镜特征的关联性

目的:分析小儿消化性疾病的胃电图变化及与临床病理特征和胃镜特征的关联性。方法:选取2018年1月至2019年5月我院儿科收治的经胃镜和病理学两种方式诊断为消化性疾病的患儿54例为观察组,另选取无胃肠道疾病的健康儿童40例为对照组。比较两组胃电图参数(频率均值和波幅均值),54例胃电图诊断后纤维胃镜检查结果,分析消化性疾病患儿HP感染与临床病理特征、溃疡面积的关系。结果:各组胃病患者胃电慢波频率均值各不相同(P0.05),三组患者胃电慢波波幅均值相比差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且浅表性胃炎组、胆汁反流性胃炎组患者胃电慢波频率均值、胃电慢波波幅均显著低于胃溃疡组(P0.05);浅表性胃炎组患者胃电慢波频率均值显著低于胆汁反流性胃炎组(P0.05)。胆汁反流性胃炎组患者胃电慢波波幅显著低于浅表性胃炎组(P0.05)。胃镜检查结果显示,其中浅表性胃炎的诊断符合率较高,达90.00%,胃溃疡符合率为60.71%,胆汁反流性胃炎符合率为83.33%。HP检测结果显示,HP阳性患儿占总例数的77.78%(42/54),HP阴性患儿占总例数的22.22%(12/54);HP阳性组患儿淋巴滤泡形成、胃黏膜萎缩、胃黏膜炎性活动的发生率明显高于HP阴性组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01);HP阳性组溃疡范围2 cm的患儿比例明显高于HP阴性患儿,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:小儿消化性疾病胃电图存在餐后NSWP的下降及节律过缓的上升,胃电图检查和胃镜检查在诊断上有较高的符合率,HP感染科引起胃黏膜组织学改变,可作为小儿消化性疾病的靶向治疗。     

Gastrointestinal complications of renal transplantation. 1. The upper gastrointestinal tract.

In 95 consecutive cases of cavaderic renal transplantation followed up for 1 to 83 months (mean 23.1 months) 17 complications developed in the upper gastrointestinal tract of 15 patients; these included duodenal ulcer in 12 and gastric ulcer, esophagitis, hemorrhagic gastritis, small-bowel obstruction and small-bowel perforation in 1 each. The occurrence of a complication was not related to the patient''s age, sex, blood group or use of cigarettes or alcohol, the duration of hemodialysis before transplantation, the tissue match or the number of infusions of immunosuppressive medication. One patient died of the complication. The peptic ulcers that developed after transplantation were successfully managed conservatively in 69% of cases. Since surgical treatment in patients whose immune response has been suppressed is associated with an increased frequency of complications such as disruption of suture lines, it is preferable to reserve it for those in whom complications develop that are unresponsive to conservative measures.     

Gastritis cystica and carcinoma arising in old gastrojejunostomy stoma.

Gastritis cystica and carcinoma developed 35 years after partial gastectomy and gastrojejunostomy for benign peptic ulcer. Although chronic atrophic gastritis and carcinoma are well recognized complications of gastrojejunostomy, gastritis cystica appears to be rare. The resemblance of the lesion to that of colitis cystica profunda is striking.     

Helicobacter pylori, T cells and cytokines: the "dangerous liaisons"

Helicobacter pylori infection is the major cause of gastroduodenal pathologies, but only a minority of infected patients develop chronic and life threatening diseases, as peptic ulcer, gastric cancer, B-cell lymphoma, or autoimmune gastritis. The type of host immune response against H. pylori is crucial for the outcome of the infection. A predominant H. pylori-specific Th1 response, characterized by high IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-12 production associates with peptic ulcer, whereas combined secretion of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines are present in uncomplicated gastritis. Gastric T cells from MALT lymphoma exhibit abnormal help for autologous B-cell proliferation and reduced perforin- and Fas-Fas ligand-mediated killing of B cells. In H. pylori-infected patients with autoimmune gastritis cytolytic T cells infiltrating the gastric mucosa cross-recognize different epitopes of H. pylori proteins and H+K+ ATPase autoantigen. These data suggest that peptic ulcer can be regarded as a Th1-driven immunopathological response to some H. pylori antigens, whereas deregulated and exhaustive H. pylori-induced T cell-dependent B-cell activation can support the onset of low-grade B-cell lymphoma. Alternatively, H. pylori infection may lead in some individuals to gastric autoimmunity via molecular mimicry.