桃园害虫及天敌群落动态研究

通过对桃园害虫天敌群落的系统调查,应用主分量分析法、最优分割法和模糊聚类分析方法进行分析．结果表明,群落具有明显的主导因素和时间格局;对桃园节肢动物群落55种节肢动物的数量变化进行模糊聚类分析,选置信水平λ＝0．47,将其分为4个时期,利用最优分割法,将害虫天敌的发生量分为3段,利用主分量分析法,明确了主要害虫及其天敌种类．     

桃园主要害虫、天敌种群动态及其群落结构的研究

系统研究了3月中旬～10月上旬桃园主要害虫、天敌的种群动态和昆虫群落的相对多度、丰富度、生态优势度、多样性指数、均匀度等群落特征指数的变动,分析了影响昆虫群落多样性的主要因素．     

入闽台湾芒果树冠层节肢动物群落组成结构和多样性

【背景】台湾芒果是我国南方种植的最重要的热带水果之一,其分布广、产量高,极具经济价值。福建地处台湾海峡西岸,与台湾隔海相望,气候条件与台湾相仿,所以台湾芒果很容易在福建定植。然而,台湾芒果在福建的大面积种植,带来了新的虫害问题。因此,掌握台湾芒果园害虫发生的动态及规律对其防治具有重要意义。【方法】2006年8月～2007年8月对福建省惠安县台湾芒果树冠层节肢动物群落进行系统调查。【结果】共采集到28247头节肢动物,隶属于2纲15目79科145种。其中,害虫76种（占总群落物种数的52.[KG-*8]41%）、天敌42种（占28.[KG-*8]97%）、中性昆虫27种（占18.[KG-*8]62%）。芒果园节肢动物的物种丰富度、个体数、群落多样性、均匀性和优势集中性等都呈明显的季节消长规律。多样性指数表现为总群落>天敌亚群落>中性昆虫亚群落>害虫亚群落;均匀度表现为天敌亚群落>中性昆虫亚群落>总群落>害虫亚群落;优势集中性指数表现为害虫亚群落>中性昆虫亚群落>总群落>天敌亚群落。生态优势度测定显示：芒果小爪螨和茶黄蓟马是害虫中的优势种;主要天敌有腹管食螨瓢虫和园蛛科等,优势种是腹管食螨瓢虫;中性昆虫主要以双翅目的花翅摇蚊、啮虫目的凹翅单啮及膜翅目的中国小黑家蚁和红蚂蚁为主。【结论与意义】本研究为芒果园生物资源及天敌的保护与利用、芒果害虫的预测预报和持续控制提供了理论依据。     

不同耕种稻田害虫及天敌的种群动态

通过田间调查,分析比较了有机耕种稻田和常规耕种稻田害虫和天敌的发生动态.结果表明,在有机稻田主要害虫的发生动态较对照缓和,次要害虫发生种类有所差异,而蜘蛛、捕食性昆虫和寄生蜂等稻田主要天敌数量上明显高于对照,表明停用化学合成物质后天敌的控害作用得到了恢复和明显的加强.     

桃园山楂叶螨、桃一点斑叶蝉及其主要天敌生态位

对山东桃园山楂叶螨、桃一点斑叶蝉及其主要天敌的时间、空间和时间一空间二维生态位宽度和生态位重叠进行了研究。结果表明,主要天敌异色瓢虫、七星瓢虫、龟纹瓢虫、大草蛉和蜘蛛与该2种害虫在时间上的同步性和空间上的同域性均较强,为保护利用天敌控制该2种害虫提供了依据。     

高压静电场胁迫对苦瓜生理代谢及主要害虫与天敌种群的影响

[目的]通过研究不同高压静电场对苦瓜生理指标、田间害虫和天敌种群数量的影响,为国家电网对输变电工程电磁辐射的预防及管理提供实践指导.[方法]在田间试验中,苦瓜持续曝露在强度为0、2和10 kV/m的极低频电磁场下,测定其农艺性状和酶的活性变化,并调查苦瓜田间害虫和天敌的种群数量.[结果]在10 kV/m电磁场处理下,苦...     

桃园生草对桃树上主要害虫及天敌生态位的影响

调查了种植白三叶草桃园(生草区)与不种草桃园(对照区)桃树上主要害虫及天敌数量,并对其生态位进行了测定.结果表明:生草区桃树害虫的水平生态位、垂直生态位和时间生态位宽度最大的分别是桃红颈天牛(0.999)、茶翅蝽(0.964)和茶翅蝽(0.795),而对照区其值分别是0.918、0.792和0.632;生草区桃树天敌的...     

不同颜色实蝇粘虫板对桔小实蝇及天敌昆虫的诱捕效果

[目的]为评价不同颜色实蝇粘虫板对桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel及天敌等昆虫的诱捕效果.[方法]在梨园内,距地面1.5 m处悬挂黄色、蓝色、绿色、红色、紫色5种颜色的普通粘虫板和实蝇粘虫板(含甲基丁香酚),观察并比较了5种颜色普通粘虫板和实蝇粘虫板对桔小实蝇的诱集效应;将实蝇粘虫板上昆虫洗脱下来鉴定、分类和数量统计,进行不同颜色实蝇粘虫板对天敌等昆虫的诱集效果比较.[结果]实蝇粘虫板对桔小实蝇诱捕虫数显著高于普通粘虫板,黄色和绿色实蝇粘虫板每板每周分别诱捕(97.83±9.59)头和(50.50±4.32)头桔小实蝇,且诱虫量显著高于蓝色、红色和紫色粘虫板的.黄色实蝇粘虫板诱集到7种天敌和9种害虫,绿色实蝇粘虫板诱集到5种天敌和9种害虫;5种颜色实蝇粘虫板的益害比均较小.诱捕到的昆虫中以双翅目、鞘翅目、半翅目的昆虫为主,天敌主要有脉翅目、鞘翅目和膜翅目等昆虫,而且均不是桔小实蝇的寄生性天敌,仅有蠼螋这种极少量的捕食性天敌.[结论]黄色和绿色实蝇粘虫板诱杀桔小实蝇效果较好,对天敌的杀伤力相对较小,可在桔小实蝇发生期使用.     

多样化的棉田生态系统控害保益功能特征研究

应用数量分析与能量测定相结合的方法 ,定量地分析和比较了华北棉区多样化的套间作棉田生态系统与单作棉田生态系统中主要害虫、天敌的种群动态及其天敌对害虫的控制作用 .结果表明 ,多样化的套间作系统中苗蚜与 2代棉铃虫发生轻 ,而伏蚜与 3代棉铃虫发生重 ;套间作系统有利于天敌群落能量的生产 ,尤其是利于捕食性蜘蛛类群的能量生产 ;从棉田生态系统棉株 害虫 天敌相互作用关系来看 ,尽管间套作系统内天敌群落生产力增加 ,保护益虫 (天敌 )作用好 ,同时也增加了害虫群落生产力 ,其控害功能较差 .     

浙江主要桃产区桃园昆虫群落结构及多样性研究

为了探究浙江主要桃产区(嘉兴、富阳、奉化)桃园昆虫群落结构和多样性,本实验使用马来氏网法、灯诱法、黄盘法等采集各桃园昆虫,并鉴定到科、属、种,将其分为天敌类昆虫、害虫类昆虫,进而筛选出优势种等。结果显示,共采集昆虫标本23247号,其中嘉兴桃园13826号,富阳桃园5577号,奉化桃园3844号;鞘翅目、鳞翅目、半翅目、双翅目等为优势类群。不同桃园昆虫群落多样性(Shannon-Wiener)指数和均匀度指数为富阳奉化嘉兴,物种丰富度为富阳奉化嘉兴,优势集中性指数为富阳奉化嘉兴。稳定性分析的结果表明富阳桃园昆虫群落中,天敌类昆虫对害虫类昆虫能起到较好的调控,拥有较强的适应和抵抗外界干扰的能力。综合以上各项昆虫群落分析的结果,表明富阳桃园的昆虫群落稳定性最高。     

Reliability of Analyses of Hg,Fe, Ca,K, P,pH, Alkalinity,Conductivity, Hardness and Colour from Lakes

The aim of this report has been to present results concerning analytical quality controls of Hg analysis of fish and sediment, analyses of Fe, Ca, total-P, K, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, colour and hardness (Ca + Mg) of lake water samples. Despite the fact that these are standard parameters in many regular water control programs, there are major differences in the reliability with which these parameters can be determined. The focus here is on an overall inter-laboratory comparison between the parameters. Six laboratories have been involved in the analysis. Selected results: pH gives the lowest (average) relative standard deviation (error), about 2 %; conductivity gives an error of about 5–7 %; alkalinity yields an average error of as much as 13–25 %, which is the largest among the parameters studied here; colour also gives a high error, 9–15 %; hardness gives a relative standard deviation of about 6–7 %. Of the other parameters (i. e., Hg, Fe, Ca and P), Hg gives the best reliability and Fe and P the lowest. To have knowledge of the reliability of the analytical data is of paramount importance in most control programs and research projects.     

Uniform hypothesis of cell behavior--movement, contact inhibition of movement, adhesion, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, division, contact inhibition of division, fusion.

The cell has been represented as a charged liquid drop. Contrary to the DLVO-theory, the effect of the surface potential upon the value of the interfacial tension of the cell membrane has also been taken into consideration. The cell membrane has visco-elastic properties and its constituents may move against each other. Cell movement is caused by the appearance of a small number of the electrically charged constituents of the cell membrane on the leading edge of the cell. This produces a local decrease in the surface tension and the cell membrane expansion. At the moment of contact between two cells proton transfers occur between the strongly negatively charged microvilli of one cell and the body of the other, analogous to a condenser breakdown. This, through the effect on the surface tension, causes contact inhibition of movement. The distribution of the proton dissociable groups modifies the interaction between the cells (differentiation) and between the cell and the substratum (adhesion). Adsorption of the charged compounds at the surface of the cell membrane, decreasing the surface potential and increasing the surface tension, causes the phenomena of chemotaxis, phagocytosis and pinocytosis. Cell division, considered in the terms of the surface energy, requires an adequate supply of considerable quantities of energy inversely proportional to the surface potential value. In case of a reduction of the distance between the cells, their surface potential and the energetic barrier of the cell division processes increases, and causes contact inhibition of cell division. Due to their high charge, division of neoplastic cells is inhibited much later than division of normal cells, or is completely ininhibited due to geometric conditions. Fusion of the cell membrane in the intra-cellular and intercellular processes is a reverse process in relation to the cell division.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Synthesis,tautomerism, and antimicrobial,anti-HCV,anti-SSPE,antioxidant, and antitumor activities of arylazobenzosuberones

2-Dimethylaminomethylene-1-benzosuberone 1 was coupled with diazotized aniline derivatives to afford a series of the hitherto unreported 2-arylazo-1-benzosuberones 3a–i. The tautomeric structure and the effect of substituents on the tautomeric form (s) of the products 3a–i were discussed. Similar coupling of the enaminone 1 with diazonium salts of heterocyclic amines gave the respective fused azolotriazino-benzosuberones. Some of the newly synthesized compounds showed potent antimicrobial, anti-HCV, antioxidant, antitumor (as topoisomerase I inhibitors), and antimicrobial activities.