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Abstract A problem that has always existed in self-thinning studies is the lack of objectivity in determining which data points to include when fitting the maximum biomass-density line. This paper demonstrates a more objective method of selecting data points using data from 12 even-aged Pinus radiata stands undergoing self-thinning. The method involves the division of a cluster of data points into a specified number of intervals. From each interval, that point having the maximum stand biomass is selected to contribute to the fitting process. This process is repeated a specified number of times using an increasing number of intervals. Each time an estimate of the line is obtained. From these estimates, one can be chosen to represent the maximum biomass-density line. The method may also be useful in other areas involving the definition of a boundary condition. 相似文献
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The negative relationship between stand biomass and plant density observed in terrestrial plants was tested among fronds of a clonal red alga, Mazzaella cornucopiae. Stand biomass and frond density were estimated bimonthly for 1 year on 7 permanent quadrats. A positive linear correlation was found between biomass and density for the whole data set, suggesting the lack of self-thinning among fronds of this intertidal alga at natural densities. Higher frond densities could favor increased water retention among fronds, thus minimizing desiccation during low tides. In this way, stands could maintain higher production of biomass. Fronds may also be cushioned better against wave action at higher frond densities, thus decreasing the detachment of larger fronds. The temporal variation of the relationship between biomass and density was plotted separately for these 7 quadrats. Four quadrats showed positive linear correlation between both variables (the other three quadrats showed non-significant positive linear correlation). Their four slopes are statistically similar to that found for the entire data set. It is possible, then, that there is only one positive slope for the biomass-density relationship in this population. If this is true, standing biomass could be estimated from the density of fronds. 相似文献
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植物群落密度调控是生态学领域的研究热点。从Yoda提出-3/2自疏法则以来,围绕植物群落密度调控规律从自疏线可变性、环境因素对密度调控影响的规律等进行了大量研究。尤其是基于代谢生态学理论建立的WBE自疏规律提出后,密度调控规律的争论和研究更为活跃,其焦点主要是自疏线斜率是否存在相对恒定的α值和值的大小。根据国内外文献,综述了-3/2自疏法则、-4/3自疏法则、质量-密度的等速比例关系和环境对密度调控规律的影响等方面的研究,指出密度调控的机制以及胁迫条件下的密度调控及其应用是未来研究的趋势。 相似文献
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不论是在对植物种群自疏规律还是在对能量守衡法则的研究中,个体大小(M)大多针对植物地上部分生物量,地下部分和构件生物量及其动态十分重要又多被忽视。以1年生植物荞麦为材料研究了自疏种群地下部分生物量、包括地下部分的个体总生物量以及各构件生物量与密度的关系。结果表明:平均地上生物量和个体总生物量与密度的异速关系指数(γabove-ground和γindividual)分别为-1.293和-1.253,与-4/3无显著性差异(P>0.05),为-4/3自疏法则提供了有力证据;平均根生物量-密度异速指数γroot(-1.128)与-1无显著性差异(P>0.05),与最终产量恒定法则一致;平均茎生物量-密度异速指数γstem(-1.263)接近-4/3(P>0.05),平均叶生物量-密度异速指数γleaf(-1.524)接近-3/2(P>0.05),分别符合-4/3自疏法则与-3/2自疏法则;而繁殖生物量与密度的异速关系指数γreproductive(-2.005)显著小于-3/2、-4/3或-1(P<0.001)。因此,不存在一个对植物不同构件普适的生物量-密度之间的关系。光合产物在地上和地下构件的生物量分配格局以及构件生物量与地上生物量之间特异的异速生长关系导致不同构件具有不同的自疏指数。无论对于地上生物量还是个体总生物量,荞麦种群能量均守衡,而对于地下生物量,荞麦种群能量不守衡。 相似文献
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Abstract In the field, the population density (n) of crowded, living ramets of Salvinia molesta ranged from 2500 m ?2 in nutrient-poor water to more than 30 000 m?2 in nutrient-rich water. Biomass of living shoots (B) in some localities exceeded 600 gm?2 dry weight (150 tonnes ha?1 fresh weight) and shoots plus roots of living and floating dead material exceeded 1600 gm?2 dry weight (400 tonnes ha?1 fresh weight). The ultimate limit B= 105n0.5 suggested by previous authors was not exceeded. The highest n and smallest ramets occurred in nutrient-rich water and B was a linear function of n. Field experiments confirmed no effect of n, but a strong effect of nutrient availability, on ramet weight. In a glasshouse experiment, ramet populations did not ‘self-thin’ along the log log B-n trajectory of slope -0.5, which has been suggested for aclonal plants, but followed trajectories having slopes closer to +1.0 before halting at the ambient B-n limit. Nutrient concentrations in the plants increased during the experiment, causing ramet size to decrease and slopes of log log B-n trajectories to depart from +1.0 by amounts which reflected the degree to which nutrient concentration had changed. Under constant conditions, mean ramet size is expected to remain constant and log log B-n trajectories to travel in a straight line of slope +1.0 to the ambient B-n limit. This behaviour of salvinia, whose ramets consist of a single structural module, is contrasted with that expected of clonal plants whose ramets are made up of multiple structural modules. A logistic model explained the increases in n and biomass of living and dead ramets when ramets were assumed to have constant longevity, constant time to decay, and when both the B-n limit and size of ramets were dependent on nitrogen content of the plant. There was no indication that physiological integration within phenets halted production of new ramets when carrying capacity was reached and new ramets continued to be produced on top of older ramets. Rates of ramet mortality were equal to, and dependent on, rates of ramet natality. 相似文献
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克隆植物种群因其寿命的持久性、空间上的可移动性和繁殖方式的多样化等特征与非克隆植物有很大区别, 在自然生态系统中占有重要地位, 甚至成为优势种或者建群种。该文通过归纳有关克隆植物的种间竞争适应策略研究案例, 阐述了克隆植物的竞争能力差异和影响竞争力的因素; 论述了克隆植物在构件形态、克隆构型、繁殖对策等方面对种间竞争的响应, 以及生理整合作用与种间竞争的关系; 分析了导致某些同类研究的结论不一致的原因, 认为实验对象差异、实验设计、生境条件与克隆植物形态及生理上的时空动态变化等都可能影响实验结果; 提出了全球变化背景下的克隆植物种间竞争及其分子生态学机制等可能是今后需要重点关注的问题。 相似文献
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研究植株个体与种群数量的关系对探究植物的适应策略、理解植物入侵机理有重要意义。但多数研究着眼于常温处理下植株响应密度变化的生长权衡,对增温处理下植株的密度制约调节机理和常温与增温处理下响应密度变化的调节规律是否发生变化认识不足。以喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)为研究对象,采用密度(1、5、9株/盆,37、186、335株/m2)和温度(常温、增温)双因素实验设计,探究了全球变暖背景下,密度制约与喜旱莲子草的关系、地上与地下部分的密度制约调节规律。结果表明:(1)地上构件特征与温度呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),地上构件特征和比叶面积表现出明显密度依赖性(P<0.05)。温度与种群密度及其交互作用对地下指标无显著影响(P>0.05)。(2)无论增温与否,随密度压力增加,根生物量分配比率增大,各构件平均生物量、茎生物量分配比率降低。叶生物量分配比率在各密度下维持恒定。(3)用生物量-密度异速指数γ衡量种群密度调控强弱。常温处理下,γleaf(-1.685) < γabove-ground(-1.612) < γstem(-1.605) < γ individual(-1.558) < γroot(-1.524),受密度制约调控强度的大小依次为:叶>地上>茎>个体>根。增温处理下,γstem(-2.075) < γabove-ground(-2.038) < γindividual(-1.982) < γleaf(-1.933) < γroot(-1.800),受密度制约调控强度的大小依次为:茎 > 地上 > 个体 > 叶 > 根。喜旱莲子草种群地上构件受密度的调节作用强于地下构件。由此可见,无论增温与否,喜旱莲子草种群地下资源的竞争能力随密度增加而增强,地上资源竞争能力随密度增加而减弱,喜旱莲子草地上部分调节强于地下部分,常温处理下,叶受密度制约作用更强,增温处理下,茎受密度制约最强。根受密度制约最弱。地上资源的竞争占主导地位。 相似文献
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蚂蚁光顾云南紫胶虫对其天敌紫胶黑虫种群的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了弄清蚂蚁光顾云南紫胶虫Kerria yunnanensis Ouet Hong对其天敌紫胶黑虫Holcocera pulverea Meyr种群的影响,于云南紫胶虫成虫期,对有无蚂蚁光顾的胶被抽样,调查胶被上紫胶黑虫的为害率及种群数量变化。结果显示,紫胶黑虫对有无蚂蚁光顾的胶被的为害率均很高,并逐月增加;其中有蚂蚁光顾的胶被紫胶黑虫的为害率略小于无蚂蚁光顾的胶被。蚂蚁光顾能明显减少紫胶黑虫的种群数量(︱t︱=2.764,df=356,P<0.01),其原因可能是蚂蚁光顾能干扰紫胶黑虫的产卵行为、破坏卵、取食卵和幼虫并且这种保护主要发生在云南紫胶虫幼虫期;云南紫胶虫进入成虫期后,由于紫胶黑虫生活于胶被内,并且产卵于胶被的凹陷处或雄虫胶壳内或雌虫肛突孔处,蚂蚁很少与紫胶黑虫相遇,故蚂蚁光顾对紫胶黑虫每月增长量没有显著影响(︱t︱=0.970,df=161,P>0.05)。紫胶黑虫和蚂蚁相遇的行为反应存在显著差异(χ2=4.781,df=1,P<0.05),蚂蚁对紫胶黑虫有捕食作用。蚂蚁与云南紫胶虫之间存在互利关系。蚂蚁取食云南紫胶虫的蜜露,能降低紫胶黑虫的为害率,并减少紫胶黑虫的种群数量,从而保护云南紫胶虫。 相似文献
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选取山西历山山地草甸中的22个优势种,运用χ^2检验、3个关联指数以及Pearson相关和Spearman秩相关系数进行种间关联和种间相关分析.优势种对间大多呈正关联和正相关,但呈显着和极显着的种对不是很多,各种间相互依存,群落稳定发展。相关分析表明优势种对间大多呈正相关,Spearman秩相关要优于Pearson相关。Pearson相关星座图将22个优势种分为4个生态种组,各生态种组内的种有相同的资源利用方式和生态要求,各种组间有互相转化和演替的趋势。 相似文献
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A novel cell line isolated from the murine olfactory mucosa 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Neil I. Goldstein Michael R. Quinn 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1981,17(7):593-598
Summary A clonal cell line (designated MOE CL1) was isolated from the olfactory mucosa of the mouse. A number of growth and biochemical
parameters were studied. Our experiments suggest that MOE CL1 cells are olfactory basal cells (undifferentiated neuroblasts).
A portion of this research was supported by USPHS Research Grant AM-18932. 相似文献
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四川黄龙沟内分布着十分丰富的兰科植物(19属30余种),并且部分种类在沟内形成优势群落。目前尚不清楚在群落中这些兰科植物种之间作用关系。运用种间关联分析和相关分析对黄龙沟森林植被兰科植物群落中的24个优势种的种间关系进行了研究。两种分析方法得到的结果相近,表明黄龙沟优势兰科植物可以分为两组。一组包括无苞杓兰(Cypripedium bardolphianum)、黄花杓兰(C. flavum)、二叶红门兰(Orchis diantha)、广布红门兰(Orchis chusua)、少花虾脊兰(Calanthe delavayi)和西藏杓兰(C. tibeticum),主要分布在光线充足但又具有一定遮荫条件的环境中;另一组包括筒距兰(Tipularia szechuanica)、沼兰(Malaxis monophyllos)、珊瑚兰(Corallorhiza trifida)、小斑叶兰(Goodyera repens)、布袋兰(Calypso bulbosa)、小花舌唇兰(Platanthera minutiflora)和小叶对叶兰(Listera smithii),它们主要分布于荫蔽的环境中。这些兰科植物在组内大多呈现显著的正相关关系,组间大多呈现显著的负相关关系,说明黄龙沟兰科植物在资源利用方式上可能产生了分化。 相似文献
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以外来种伊乐藻与土著种苦草为实验生物,通过室外受控实验研究了基质类型对2种水生植物种间关系的影响.结果表明:伊乐藻在2种不同营养水平的基质中均具有明显竞争优势.植物竞争(混栽伊乐藻)对低密度苦草的生长影响不明显,对密度高苦草抑制显著,然而基质类型对低密度苦草的生长影响显著,对高密度苦草无明显影响.同样,植物竞争(混栽苦草)对低密度伊乐藻的生长无明显影响,对密度高伊乐藻抑制显著,然而,无论种植密度高低,基质类型对伊乐藻的生长均有极大影响.本文还对伊乐藻与苦草的种间竞争关系机理进行了探讨,其研究结果对分析外来种入侵后水生植被的演变规律以及湖泊水生植被的管理有一定参考价值. 相似文献
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自疏边界线是指植物种群发生密度依赖死亡时种群最大收获量的上边界线。已有研究由于在拟合自疏边界线的过程中对数据点的选择和参数估计的方法存在诸多的差异,进而导致产生对自疏法则的争议。该研究采用26年生杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)人工林的定位观测数据,对视觉法、死亡率法、等距区间法和相对密度法等4种数据点选择方法以及最小二乘法、降维分析法、分位数回归法和随机边界方程等4种参数拟合方法进行对比分析,以探寻客观选择自疏拟合数据和正确拟合方法的途径。比较4种不同的数据选择方法得出:视觉法具有较强的主观性;对于没有发生非密度依赖死亡的林分,死亡率法可以准确地确定林分自疏的起始点;等距区间法可以减少非密度依赖死亡的影响,得到的数据点能充分反映林分的自疏过程;相对密度法可以保证临界密度阈值以上的数据点拟合林分自疏边界线的有效性,并能排除非密度依赖死亡的影响。比较分析4种不同的拟合方法发现:最小二乘法和降维分析法拟合的林分自疏边界线均从实测数据\"中心\"穿过,与林分自疏边界线为林分收获量上边界线的涵义不相符合,无法真实反映林分的自疏进程;分位数回归和随机边界方程的拟合结果均与实测数据一致,能够较为准确地反映林分自疏的真实过程,但二者的统计推断要求都比较严格。分位数值的正确选取和残差足够小且趋于0,是分位数回归法和随机边界方程能否正确反映林分自疏动态的前提。 相似文献
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Jing Liu Liang Wei Chun-Ming Wang Gen-Xuan Wang Xiao-Ping Wei 《植物学报(英文版)》2006,48(4):415-419
Monocultures of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown at overcrowded densities (10 000 and 3 000 plants per m^2) under well-watered and water-stressed conditions to investigate the effects of water deficits on self-thinning. The results showed that density reduction in water-stressed populations was delayed compared with that In well-watered populations. Populations grown In well-watered conditions conformed to the -3/2- power law. Compared with the well-watered condition, there was no significant decrease of the self-thinning line under water-stressed conditions In this experiment, although the rate of average shoot blomass accumulatlon decreased. This result Implied that the exponent of the -3/2-power equation Is not as sensitive as the rate of average shoot blomass accumulation to water stress. Further analysis indicated that, In each density treatment, the lines of the height versus shoot blomass relationships did not differ significantly between the two water conditions. However, the Intercepts of the height versus shoot blomass relationships were greater In the higher-density populations (10 000/m^2) than those In the lower-density populations (3 000/m^2). These results showed that water deficit did not change plant geometry In this experiment. That Is to say, shoot competition for light remains constant at a given blomass, although root competition for water becomes more serious In water deficit conditions. Based on these results and previous reports we propose that, to affect the thinning line slope, changes In symmetric competition are not as efficient as changes In asymmetric competition. 相似文献
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很多入侵植物具有克隆性,克隆整合对入侵克隆植物生长和繁殖具有重要的贡献。自然界中,植物生长和繁殖所需的各种资源如光照、水分和矿质养分等在空间上分布通常是异质的,但关于异质环境下克隆整合对入侵植物和本土同属植物种间关系影响的研究相对缺乏。通过温室控制实验,将入侵植物南美蟛蜞菊(Wedelia trilobata)和同属本土植物蟛蜞菊(W.chinensis)的分株对单独种植或者混合种植在异质性光照条件下,同时通过保持或者切断分株之间的连接来控制克隆整合效应的有无,研究异质光照环境下克隆整合对南美蟛蜞菊和蟛蜞菊种间关系的影响。克隆整合对南美蟛蜞菊和蟛蜞菊的生长和繁殖都有促进作用,且南美蟛蜞菊比蟛蜞菊从克隆整合中获益更多。与单独种植相比,两者混种对南美蟛蜞菊的叶生物量有显著影响,而对本地种蟛蜞菊的根生物量有显著影响。克隆整合和种间关系对南美蟛蜞菊的总生物量和叶生物量产生了显著的交互作用,而对蟛蜞菊各指标无显著影响。克隆整合状态显著影响了南美蟛蜞菊和蟛蜞菊的种间关系。这些结果表明,异质环境下克隆整合可以改变入侵植物南美蟛蜞菊和本土植物蟛蜞菊的生长性状及种间关系。 相似文献