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1.
Objective
Gentamicin (GM) is an effective antibiotic against severe infection but has limitations related to nephrotoxicity. In this study, we investigated whether benfotiamine (BFT) and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), could ameliorate the nephrotoxic effect of GM in rats.Methods
Rats were divided into five groups. Group 1 and 2 served as control and sham respectively, Group 3 as GM group, Group 4 as GM + CoQ10 and Group 5 as GM + BFT for 8 days. At the end of the study, all rats were euthanized by cervical decapitation and then blood samples and kidneys were collected for further analysis. Serum urea, creatinine, cytokine TNF-a, oxidant and antioxidant parameters, as well as histopathological examination of kidney tissues were assessed.Results
Gentamicin administration caused a severe nephrotoxicity which was evidenced by an elevated serum creatinine, urea and KIM-1 level as compared with the controls. Moreover, a significant increase in serum malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione. Histopathological examination of renal tissue in gentamisin administered group, there were extremly pronounced necrotic tubules in the renal cortex and hyalen cast accumulation in the medullar tubuli. BFT given to GM rats reduced these nephrotoxicity parameters. Serum creatinine, urea, and KIM-1 were almost normalized in the GM + BFT group. Benfotiamin treatment was significantly decreased necrotic tubuli and hyalen deposition in gentamisin plus benfotiamin group. CoQ10 given to GM rats did not cause any statistically significant alterations in these nephrotoxicity parameters when compared with GM group but histopathological examination of renal tissue in GM + CoQ10 administered group, CoQ10 treatment was decreased necrotic tubuli rate and hyalen accumulation in tubuli.Conclusion
The results from our study indicate that BFT supplement attenuates gentamicin-induced renal injury via the amelioration of oxidative stress and inflammation of renal tubular cells. 相似文献2.
Use of lignocellulosic wastes of pecan (Carya illinoinensis) in the cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum
María Virginia Ozcariz-Fermoselle Raúl Fraile-Fabero Tomás Girbés-Juan Oscar Arce-Cervantes Juan Andrés Oria de Rueda-Salgueiro Anabela Marisa Azul 《Revista iberoamericana de micología》2018,35(2):103-109
Background
The wastes of pecan nut (Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch) production are increasing worldwide and have high concentrations of tannins and phenols.Aims
To study the biodegradation of lignocellulosic wastes of pecan used as solid substrate for the cultivation of the white-rot fungus Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst.Methods
Six formulations of pecan wastes were used as solid substrate: pecan shells (PS100), pecan pericarp (PP100), pecan wood-chips (PB100), and the combinations PS50 + PP50, PB50 + PS50 and PB50 + PP50. The substrates were inoculated with a wild strain of G. lucidum collected in the Iberian Peninsula. The biodegradation capability of G. lucidum was estimated by using the mycelial growth rate, the biological efficiency, the production and the dry biological efficiency.Results
Notably, all solid substrates were suitable for G. lucidum growth and mushroom yield. The best performance in mushroom yield was obtained with PB100 (55.4% BE), followed by PB50 + PP50 (31.7% BE) and PB50 + PS50 (25.4% BE). The mushroom yield in the substrates containing pecan wood-chips (PB) was significantly higher.Conclusions
Our study is leading the way in attempting the cultivation of G. lucidum on lignocellulosic pecan waste. These results show an environmentally friendly alternative that increases the benefits for the global pecan industry, especially in rural areas, and transforms biomass into mushrooms with nutraceutical properties and biotechnological applications. 相似文献3.
Adela Poitevin-Chacón Jessica Chávez-Nogueda Rubí Ramos Prudencio Alejandro Calvo Fernández Alejandro Rodríguez Laguna Jesús Linares Julio César Martínez 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2018,23(2):91-96
Aim
To evaluate the dose distribution to the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery in patients treated with postoperative three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT).Background
Postoperative radiotherapy may increase the risk of heart disease, particularly in patients with left-sided breast cancer. Clinical data on doses to the LAD are limited.Materials and methods
Retrospective study of 14 patients who underwent postoperative 3DCRT for left breast cancer in 2014. All data were retrieved from medical records. Means, medians, ranges, and percentages were calculated.Results
The mean dose to the LAD in patients with V25 < 1% was 0.12 cGy. Dmean, Dmax and V25 to the heart were, respectively, 3.7 Gy (range, 0.9–4.18), 40.3 Gy (9.28–62.9), and 1.59 cGy. The mean Dmean and Dmax values in the sample were 9.71 Gy and 33.2 Gy, respectively. The maximum dose to the LAD (D2%) ranged from 3.66 to 53.01 Gy. Due to the spacing of the CT slices (5 mm), it was not possible to completely contour the entire artery. The mean dose to the heart (3.3 Gy) was considered acceptable.Conclusions
The maximum dose to the LAD was as high as 53 Gy, suggesting an increased risk of cardiac morbidity. This study underscores the value of contouring the LAD and the value of the breath hold technique to reduce maximum cardiac doses. Smaller CT cuts (2.5 mm) can improve contouring. Larger studies with long-term follow up are needed to determine the radiation tolerance dose for the LAD. 相似文献4.
Claudio Farías-Valenzuela Cristian Pérez-Luco Rodrigo Ramírez-Campillo Cristian Álvarez Mauricio Castro-Sepúlveda 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2018,53(3):141-144
Background
Handgrip strength (HS) and peak oxygen consumption (Vo2peak) are powerful predictors of cardiovascular risk, although it is unknown which of the two variables is the better predictor.Aim
The objective of the following study was to relate HS and Vo2peak to cardiovascular risk markers in older Chilean women.Methods
Physically active adult women (n = 51; age, 69 ± 4.7 years) participated in this study. The HS and Vo2peak were evaluated and related to the anthropometric variables of body mass, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist ratio (WR), and waist height ratio (WHR), as well as with the cardiovascular variables systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) and cardiac recovery in one minute (RHR1). A multilinear regression model was used for the analysis of the associated variables (P < .05).Results
The cardiovascular risk markers associated (P < .05) with the handgrip strength of the dominant limb (HSDL) were body mass, BMI, WR, and WHR. The handgrip strength of the non-dominant limb (HSNDL) was associated with body mass. Vo2peak was associated with body mass, BMI, HC and RHR1. The multilinear regression model showed a value of r = 0.43 in HSDL, r = 0.39 in HSNDL and r = 0.69 in peak Vo2.Conclusion
Although HS and Vo2peak were related to cardiovascular risk markers, Vo2peak offers greater associative power with these cardiovascular risk factors. 相似文献5.
Hamid Shafaei Douk Mahmoud Reza Aghamiri Mahdi Ghorbani Bagher Farhood Mohsen Bakhshandeh Hamid Reza Hemmati 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2018,23(2):105-113
Aim
The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of the inverse square law (ISL) method for determining location of virtual electron source (SVir) in Siemens Primus linac.Background
So far, different experimental methods have presented for determining virtual and effective electron source location such as Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM), Multiple Coulomb Scattering (MCS), and Multi Pinhole Camera (MPC) and Inverse Square Law (ISL) methods. Among these methods, Inverse Square Law is the most common used method.Materials and methods
Firstly, Siemens Primus linac was simulated using MCNPX Monte Carlo code. Then, by using dose profiles obtained from the Monte Carlo simulations, the location of SVir was calculated for 5, 7, 8, 10, 12 and 14 MeV electron energies and 10 cm × 10 cm, 15 cm × 15 cm, 20 cm × 20 cm and 25 cm × 25 cm field sizes. Additionally, the location of SVir was obtained by the ISL method for the mentioned electron energies and field sizes. Finally, the values obtained by the ISL method were compared to the values resulted from Monte Carlo simulation.Results
The findings indicate that the calculated SVir values depend on beam energy and field size. For a specific energy, with increase of field size, the distance of SVir increases for most cases. Furthermore, for a special applicator, with increase of electron energy, the distance of SVir increases for most cases. The variation of SVir values versus change of field size in a certain energy is more than the variation of SVir values versus change of electron energy in a certain field size.Conclusion
According to the results, it is concluded that the ISL method can be considered as a good method for calculation of SVir location in higher electron energies (14 MeV). 相似文献6.
Sandeep Kumar Vishwakarma Avinash Bardia L. Chandrakala Sana Arshiya Syed Ameer Basha Paspala Vishnupriya Satti Aleem Ahmed Khan 《Tissue & cell》2017,49(6):638-647
Introduction
Progress in understanding pathophysiological mechanisms and the development of targeted regenerative strategies have been hampered by the lack of predictive disease models, specifically for the conditions to which affected cell types are inaccessible. The present study has aimed to unearth the role of valproic acid (VPA) and mild hypothermia (MH) as promising strategy to enhance the neuroprotective mechanisms in undifferentiated and differentiated human neural precursor cells (hNPCs) against ethanol-induced damage.Methods
5 mM VPA alone or in combination with MH (33 °C) was used to prevent the damage in proliferating and differentiating hNPCs. CD133 + ve enriched hNPCs were cultured in vitro and exposed to 1 M chronic ethanol concentration for 72 h and followed by VPA and MH treatment for 24 h. Morphometric analysis was performed to identify changes in neurospheres development and neuronal cell phenotypes. Flow cytometry and RT-qPCR analysis was performed to investigate alterations in key molecular pathways involved in cell survival and signaling.Results
Combination of VPA with MH displayed higher proportion of neuronal cell viability as compared to single treatment. Combination treatment was most effective in reducing apoptosis and reactive oxygen species levels in both the undifferentiated and differentiated hNPCs. VPA with MH significantly improved neuronal cell phenotype, active chromatin modeling, chaperon and multi-drug resistant pumps activity and expression of neuronal signaling molecules.Conclusion
The study provided an efficient and disease specific in vitro model and demonstrated that combined treatment with VPA and MH activates several neuroprotective mechanisms and provides enhanced protection against ethanol-induced damage in cultured undifferentiated and differentiated hNPCs. 相似文献7.
Maxim B. Freidin Helena R.R. Wells Tilly Potter Gregory Livshits Cristina Menni Frances M.K. Williams 《生物化学与生物物理学报:疾病的分子基础》2018,1864(2):601-606
Background
Fatigue is a sensation of unbearable tiredness that frequently accompanies chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain (CWP) and inflammatory joint disease. Its mechanisms are poorly understood and there is a lack of effective biomarkers for diagnosis and onset prediction. We studied the circulating metabolome in a population sample characterised for CWP to identify biomarkers showing specificity for fatigue.Material and methods
Untargeted metabolomic profiling was conducted on fasting plasma and serum samples of 1106 females with and without CWP from the TwinsUK cohort. Linear mixed-effects models accounting for covariates were used to determine relationships between fatigue and metabolites. Receiver operating curve (ROC)-analysis was used to determine predictive value of metabolites for fatigue.Results
While no association between fatigue and metabolites was identified in twins without CWP (n = 711), in participants with CWP (n = 395), levels of eicosapentaenoate (EPA) ω-3 fatty acid were significantly reduced in those with fatigue (β = ? 0.452 ± 0.116; p = 1.2 × 10? 4). A significant association between fatigue and two other metabolites also emerged when BMI was excluded from the model: 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoate (CMPF), and C-glycosyltryptophan (p = 1.5 × 10? 4 and p = 3.1 × 10? 4, respectively). ROC analysis has identified a combination of 15 circulating metabolites with good predictive potential for fatigue in CWP (AUC = 75%; 95% CI 69–80%).Conclusion
The results of this agnostic metabolomics screening show that fatigue is metabolically distinct from CWP, and is associated with a decrease in circulating levels of EPA. Our panel of circulating metabolites provides the starting point for a diagnostic test for fatigue in CWP. 相似文献8.
Cristina Buiza Javier Yanguas Amaia Zulaica Iván Antón Enrique Arriola Alvaro García 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2018,53(4):208-212
Introduction
Adaptation and validation to the Basque language of tests to assess advanced cognitive impairment is a not covered need for Basque-speaking people. The present work shows the validation of the Basque version of the Severe Mini Mental State Examination (SMMSE).Material and methods
A total of 109 people with advanced dementia (MEC < 15) took part in the validation study, and were classified as GDS 5-7 on the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). All participants were Spanish-Basque bilingual.Results
It was shown that SMMSE-eus has a high internal consistency (alpha = 0.92), a good test-retest reliability (r = 0.88; P < .01), and a high inter-rater reliability (CCI = 0.99; P < .00) for the overall score, as well as for each item.Conclusions
Both the high internal consistency and inter-rater reliability, and to a lesser extent, test-retest reliability, made the SMMSE-eus a valid test for the brief assessment of cognitive status in people with advanced dementia in Basque-speaking people. For this reason, the SMMSE-eus is a usable and reliable alternative for assessing Basque-speaking people in their mother-tongue, or preferred language. 相似文献9.
Daisuke Kawahara Shuichi Ozawa Takeo Nakashima Shintaro Tsuda Yusuke Ochi Takuro Okumura Hirokazu Masuda Kazunari Hioki Tathsuhiko Suzuki Yoshimi Ohno Tomoki Kimura Yuji Murakami Yasushi Nagata 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2018,23(2):84-90
Aim and background
IGRT based on bone matching may produce a large target positioning error in terms of the reproducibility of expiration breath-holding on SBRT for liver cancer. We evaluated the intrafractional and interfractional errors using the diaphragm position at the end of expiration by utilising Abches and analysed the factor of the interfractional error.Materials and methods
Intrafractional and interfractional errors were measured using a couple of frontal kV images, planning computed tomography (pCT) and daily cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Moreover, max–min diaphragm position within daily CBCT image sets with respect to pCT and the maximum value of diaphragm position difference between CBCT and pCT were calculated.Results
The mean ± SD (standard deviation) of the intra-fraction diaphragm position variation in the frontal kV images was 1.0 ± 0.7 mm in the C-C direction. The inter-fractional diaphragm changes were 0.4 ± 4.6 mm in the C-C direction, 1.4 ± 2.2 mm in the A-P direction, and ?0.6 ± 1.8 mm in the L-R direction. There were no significant differences between the maximum value of the max–min diaphragm position within daily CBCT image sets with respect to pCT and the maximum value of diaphragm position difference between CBCT and pCT.Conclusions
Residual intrafractional variability of diaphragm position is minimal, but large interfractional diaphragm changes were observed. There was a small effect in the patient condition difference between pCT and CBCT. The impact of the difference in daily breath-holds on the interfractional diaphragm position was large or the difference in daily breath-holding heavily influenced the interfractional diaphragm change. 相似文献10.
Ryszard Dąbrowski Izabela Drozdyk Paweł Kukołowicz 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2018,23(2):114-120
Aim
To investigate the influence of several factors on the accuracy of dose measurements and feasibility of application of small Gafchromic detectors for postal audit.Background
Our experience showed that precision of dose measurements with small pieces of Gafchromic films may be significantly improved.Materials and methods
Gafchromic films with dimensions of 1 × 1, 2 × 2 and 3 × 3 cm2 were exposed to 6 MV X-rays at dose levels of 50 cGy-210 cGy. The single- and multichannel methods (MM) were used for dose measurements. Detectors were scanned with an Epson V750PRO flatbed colour scanner. For 1 × 1 and larger detector sizes, separate calibration curves were established. The influence of the following factors was investigated: the heterogeneity of Gafchromic detectors group for single- and MM, ambient thermal detector conditions, the dose delivered on the measurement accuracy, application of two separate calibration curves for the smallest and larger pieces of films.Results
The MM improves significantly the precision of dose measurement. The uncertainty attributed to detector active layer differences and scanner instabilities was about 1 cGy (1 StDev) regardless of dose and detector size. The ambient temperature of the environment in which films were stored after irradiation influenced the dose reading. Significant difference of transmission for detectors sized 1 × 1 and 2 × 2cm2 was observed. The maximal difference between applied dose and dose reading performed was 1.1%.Conclusions
The MM with a scaling protocol leads to a very high precision of dose measurements. The ambient thermal detector environment causes significant changes of measured signal. The detector size has relevant impact on dose reading. 相似文献11.
Hideharu Miura Shuichi Ozawa Takaaki Matsuura Atsushi Kawakubo Fumika Hosono Kiyoshi Yamada Yasushi Nagata 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2018,23(3):183-188
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to verify whether the dynamic tumor tracking (DTT) feature of a Vero4DRT system performs with 10-mm-long and 0.28 mm diameter gold anchor markers.Methods
Gold anchor markers with a length of 10 mm and a diameter of 0.28 mm were used. Gold anchor markers were injected with short and long types into bolus material. These markers were sandwiched by a Tough Water (TW) phantom in the bolus material. For the investigation of 4-dimensional (4D) modeling feasibility under various phantom thicknesses, the TW phantom was added at 2 cm intervals (in upper and lower each by 1 cm). A programmable respiratory motion table was used to simulate breathing-induced organ motion, with an amplitude of 30 mm and a breathing cycle of 3 s. X-ray imaging parameters of 80 kV and 125 kV (320 mA and 5 ms) were used. The least detection error of the fiducial marker was defined as the 4D-modeling limitation.Results
The 4D modeling process was attempted using short and long marker types and its limitation with the short and long types was with phantom thicknesses of 6 and 10 cm at 80 kV and 125 kV, respectively. However, the loss in detectability of the gold anchor because of 4D-modeling errors was found to be approximately 6% (2/31) with a phantom thickness of 2 cm under 125 kV. 4D-modeling could be performed except under the described conditions.Conclusions
This work showed that a 10-mm-long gold anchor marker in short and long types can be used with DTT for short water equivalent path length site, such as lung cancer patients, in the Vero4DRT system. 相似文献12.
13.
Roger Cai Xiang Soh Guan Heng Tay Wen Siang Lew James Cheow Lei Lee 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2018,23(5):413-424
Aim
To identifying depth dose differences between the two versions of the algorithms using AIP CT of a 4D dataset.Background
Motion due to respiration may challenge dose prediction of dose calculation algorithms during treatment planning.Materials and methods
The two versions of depth dose calculation algorithms, namely, Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm (AAA) version 10.0 (AAAv10.0), AAA version 13.6 (AAAv13.6) and Acuros XB dose calculation (AXB) algorithm version 10.0 (AXBv10.0), AXB version 13.6 (AXBv13.6), were compared against a full MC simulated 6X photon beam using QUASAR respiratory motion phantom with a moving chest wall. To simulate the moving chest wall, a 4 cm thick wax mould was attached to the lung insert of the phantom. Depth doses along the central axis were compared in the anterior and lateral beam direction for field sizes 2 × 2 cm2, 4 × 4 cm2 and 10 × 10 cm2.Results
For the lateral beam direction, the moving chest wall highlighted differences of up to 105% for AAAv10.0 and 40% for AXBv10.0 from MC calculations in the surface and buildup doses. AAAv13.6 and AXBv13.6 agrees with MC predictions to within 10% at similar depth. For anterior beam doses, dose differences predicted for both versions of AAA and AXB algorithm were within 7% and results were consistent with static heterogeneous studies.Conclusions
The presence of the moving chest wall was capable of identifying depth dose differences between the two versions of the algorithms. These differences could not be identified in the static chest wall as shown in the anterior beam depth dose calculations. 相似文献14.
Hidekazu Tanaka Takahiro Yamaguchi Kae Hachiya Kazuhiro Miwa Jun Shinoda Masahide Hayashi Shinichi Ogawa Hironori Nishibori Satoshi Goshima Masayuki Matsuo 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2018,23(3):215-219
Aim
To define the optimal margin on MRI scans in the re-radiation planning of recurrent glioblastoma using methionine positron emission tomography (MET-PET).Background
It would be very useful if the optimal margin on MRI to cover the uptake area on MET-PET is known.Materials and Methods
CT, MRI, and MET-PET were performed separately over the course of 2 weeks. Among the MRI scans, we used the contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images (Gd-MRI) and T2-weighted images (T2-MRI). The Gd-MRI-based clinical target volume (CTV) (CTV-Gd) and the T2-MRI-based CTV (CTV-T2) were defined as the contrast-enhanced area on Gd-MRI and the high intensity area on T2-MRI, respectively. We defined CTV x mm (x = 5, 10, 15, 20) as x mm outside the CTV. MET-PET-based CTV (CTV-MPET) was defined as the area of accumulation of MET-PET. We calculated the sensitivity and specificity of CTV-Gd and CTV-T2 following comparison with CTV-MPET, which served as the gold standard in this study.Results
The sensitivity of CTV-T2 5 mm (98%) was significantly higher than CTV-T2 (87%), and there was no significant difference in the sensitivity between CTV-T2 5 mm and CTV T2 10, 15, or 20 mm. The sensitivity of CTV-Gd 20 mm (97%) was lower than that of CTV-T2 5 mm (98%).Conclusions
A margin of at least 5 mm around the high intensity area on T2-MRI is necessary in the target volume delineation of recurrent glioblastoma for the coverage of MET-PET findings in re-radiation therapy planning. 相似文献15.
Sweta Bandanatham Janaki Manur Gururajachar Mohan Kumar Somashekar 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2018,23(2):69-74
Aim
This prospective study aims to assess the compliance with bladder protocol and the correlation with enteritis during pelvic radiation.Background
Bladder protocol is routinely used for patients undergoing pelvic radiation to reduce radiation enteritis. It is very difficult to maintain constant volume especially in the last two weeks due to radiation enteritis and cystitis.Materials and methods
Histologically proven 35 cervical cancer patients treated with concurrent chemoradiation in a tertiary care center were the subjects of this prospective study. Following CT simulation and after every fraction, patients were asked to void urine in a calibrated urine container and the volume was documented. Patients were assessed for the highest grade of radiation enteritis weekly as per common toxicity criteria. The mean voided urine volume was correlated with the radiation enteritis.Results
The mean urine volume at planning CT scan was 295.85 ± 300 ml (SD) with a range of 75–650. At the end of treatment, it was reduced to 233.14 ± 250 ml (range 50–400 ml), a reduction by 21% (p < 0.001). The maximum grade of enteritis was grade I (11%), II (11.4%), III (3–29%) in week 1,2 and 3–5, respectively with a p value of <0.001. A mean urine volume of 230 ml was associated with grade III enteritis in the third week.Conclusions
Urine output volume measured using a calibrated container is a simple, efficient and practical method to monitor bladder distension thereby reducing enteritis in cervical cancer patients treated with concurrent chemoradiation. 相似文献16.
Hediye Acun-Bucht Ebru Tuncay Emin Darendeliler Gönül Kemikler 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2018,23(4):242-250
Aim
This study aims at examining absolute dose verification of step-and-shoot intensity modulated radiation treatment (IMRT) of prostate and brain patients by use of ion chambers of two different volumes and thermoluminescent detectors (TLD).Background
The volume of the ion chamber (IC) is very important for absolute dose verification of IMRT plans since the IC has a volume average effect. With TLD detectors absolute dose verification can be done measuring the dose of multiple points simultaneously.Materials and methods
Ion chambers FC65-P of volume 0.65 cc and semiflex of volume 0.125 cc as well as TLDs were used to measure the central axis absolute dose of IMRT quality assurance (QA) plans. The results were compared with doses calculated by a treatment planning system (TPS). The absolute doses of off axis points located 2 cm and 4 cm away from the isocenter were measured with TLDs.Results
The measurements of the 0.125 cc ion chamber were found to be closer to TPS calculations compared to the 0.65 cc ion chamber, for both patient groups. For both groups the root mean square (RMS) differences between doses of the TPS and the TLD detectors are within 3.0% for the central axis and points 2 cm away from the isocenter of each axis. Larger deviations were found at the field edges, which have steep dose gradient.Conclusions
The 0.125 cc ion chamber measures the absolute dose of the isocenter more accurately compared to the 0.65 cc chamber. TLDs have good accuracy (within 3.0%) for absolute dose measurements of in-field points. 相似文献17.
Oriol Turró Garriga Sílvia Farrés Costa Albert Pérez Terré Pau Batlle Amat 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2018,53(4):196-201
Introduction
The care of dependent persons is arduous, and requires time, energy, and physical effort on the part of caregivers. Personal characteristics, such as the sense of coherence (SOC), can influence the perceived burden and care giving.Objective
To determine the impact of SOC on the perceived burden and to determine if these characteristics are associated with adherence to a psycho-educational program for informal caregivers.Material and method
Prospective observational study of caregivers of dependent persons participating in the ‘School of Caregivers’, a psycho-educational program for family and paid caregivers. An analysis was made of the SOC-13 items and the results of the Zarit Burden Interview. The relationship between the SOC and the adherence to the program (≥ 50% sessions) was also analysed.Results
The study included 96 participants, with 71.9% family carers. The higher burden was associated with a lower SOC meaningfulness factor (β = –0.388; P = .002), and to be a relative vs. paid carer (β = –0.300; P = .010). Just over half (52.1%) of carers completed 50% or more sessions, and in the case of the relatives, this adherence increased by higher SOC (OR: 1.1, P = .034), and lower burden (OR: 0.95, P = .032). The lack of adherence of paid caregivers was not associated with any of the analysed variables.Conclusions
The sense of coherence and mainly the meaning, is a characteristic to take into account for the adaptation of interventions in caregivers and provide them with greater equity working more on the people who need it the most (lower SOC and greater burden). 相似文献18.
Avinash H. Udayashankar Shibina Noorjahan Nirmala Srikantia K. Ravindra Babu Sandeep Muzumder 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2018,23(4):233-241
Aim
To identify the most reproducible technique of patient positioning and immobilization during pelvic radiotherapy.Background
Radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of pelvic malignancies. Errors in positioning of patient are an integral component of treatment. The present study compares two methods of immobilization with no immobilization with an aim of identifying the most reproducible method.Materials and methods
65 consecutive patients receiving pelvic external beam radiotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. 30, 21 and 14 patients were treated with no-immobilization with a leg separator, whole body vacuum bag cushion (VBC) and six point aquaplast immobilization system, respectively. The systematic error, random error and the planning target volume (PTV) margins were calculated for all the three techniques and statistically analyzed.Results
The systematic errors were the highest in the VBC and random errors were the highest in the aquaplast group. Both systematic and random errors were the lowest in patients treated with no-immobilization. 3D Systematic error (mm, mean ± 1SD) was 4.31 ± 3.84, 3.39 ± 1.71 and 2.42 ± 0.97 for VBC, aquaplast and no-immobilization, respectively. 3D random error (mm, 1SD) was 2.96, 3.59 and 1.39 for VBC, aquaplast and no-immobilization, respectively. The differences were statistically significant between all the three groups. The calculated PTV margins were the smallest for the no-immobilization technique with 4.56, 4.69 and 4.59 mm, respectively, in x, y and z axes, respectively.Conclusions
Among the three techniques, no-immobilization technique with leg separator was the most reproducible technique with the smallest PTV margins. For obvious reasons, this technique is the least time consuming and most economically viable in developing countries. 相似文献19.
Mateusz Szewczyk Paweł Golusiński Jakub Pazdrowski Piotr Pieńkowski Sławomir Marszałek Jacek Sygut Wojciech Golusiński 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2018,23(4):260-265
Aim
The purpose of the study was to publish our experience of salivary gland cancer treatment with large number of patients treated at a single institution.Background
Salivary gland cancers are rare tumors of the head and neck representing about 5% of cancers in that region and about 0.5% of all malignancies. Due to the rarity of the disease, most of the studies regarding treatment outcome consist of low number of patients, thus making it difficult to draw conclusions.Material and methods
115 patients with primary salivary gland cancer were included in a retrospective study. The subsites of tumor were the parotid gland (58% patients), submandibular gland (19%) and minor salivary glands (23%). All patients underwent primary surgical resection. The following were collected: age, stage of the disease, T status, N status, grade of tumor, perineurial invasion, lymphovascular invasion, extracapsular spread, final histological margin status and postoperative treatment. Details of local, regional or distant recurrence, disease free survival and overall survival were included.Results
The majority (65%) of patients presented in early stage, T1 and T2 tumors. 81% of patients were N0. Free surgical margins were achieved in 18% of patients, close in 28% patients and positive surgical margins in 54% (62) patients. Factors that significantly increased the risk of recurrence: T stage (p = 0.0006); N-positive status (p < 0.0001); advanced stage of the disease (p < 0.0001); high grade of tumor (p = 0.0007); PNI (p = 0.0061); LVI (p = 0.0022); ECS (p = 0.0136); positive surgical margins (p = 0.0022). On multivariate analysis, high grade of tumor and positive surgical margins remained significant independent adverse factors for recurrence formation.Conclusions
This report shows a single institution results of oncological treatment in patients with malignant salivary gland tumors, where positive surgical margins strongly correlate with patients’ worse outcome. Whether to extend the procedure, which very often requires sacrificing the nerve is still a question of debate. 相似文献20.