拮抗凋亡转录因子与肿瘤增殖及凋亡

肿瘤是目前临床常见的疾病之一.肿瘤的经典治疗方式主要包括手术切除、放疗和化疗.近年来肿瘤治疗的手段不断发展,但许多进展期的肿瘤仍然未见较有效的治疗方式,因此亟需新的治疗手段.肿瘤细胞的特点是具有无限增殖和抵抗凋亡的能力.因此,鉴定参与肿瘤细胞增殖和凋亡的基因将为肿瘤治疗提供潜在的靶点.拮抗凋亡转录因子(apoptosi...     

Che-1通过mTOR通路调控自噬在谷氨酸所致神经元损伤中的作用研究

目的:观察谷氨酸(glutamate, Glu)对神经元Che-1蛋白表达的影响,研究过表达Che-1对Glu所致神经元氧化应激性损伤的作用,并以mTOR调控的细胞自噬通路为靶点,探讨Che-1在Glu所致神经元损伤中发挥作用的分子机制。方法:用Glu损伤神经元后,采用免疫学及分子生物学等方法检测Che-1蛋白的表达;用慢病毒转染神经元增加Che-1表达,用乳酸脱氢酶(Lactate dehydrogenase, LDH)释放量和流式细胞术等方法检测神经元凋亡程度,采用免疫荧光染色和免疫印迹法检测神经元自噬关键蛋白表达水平;使用mTOR特异性抑制剂雷帕霉素(Rapamycin)提高神经元自噬水平,并通过检测LDH释放量和流式细胞术研究自噬在神经元转归中的作用。结果:Glu可显著增加神经元Che-1蛋白表达;过表达Che-1可减轻Glu所致神经元损伤,并减轻Glu所致神经元自噬;通过Rapamycin激活自噬可逆转Che-1对Glu所致神经元损伤的保护作用。结论:过表达Che-1蛋白可通过抑制神经元自噬对Glu所致神经元损伤发挥保护作用。     

Che-1通过抑制自噬减轻氧糖剥夺所致神经元损伤的研究

目的:研究Che-1蛋白对氧糖剥夺(Oxygen glucose deprivation, OGD)所致神经元损伤的保护作用及机制。方法:OGD处理神经元后,采用免疫荧光染色和免疫印迹法检测Che-1蛋白的表达;慢病毒转染神经元实现Che-1过表达,检测乳酸脱氢酶(Lactate dehydrogenase, LDH)释放量和流式细胞术检测神经元凋亡反映OGD所致神经元损伤程度,采用免疫荧光染色和免疫印迹法检测神经元自噬;使用自噬激动剂雷帕霉素(Rapamycin)处理神经元,并通过检测LDH释放量和流式细胞术研究自噬在Che-1保护作用中的作用。结果:免疫荧光结果显示,OGD后神经元Che-1蛋白表达明显增高;免疫印迹结果显示,OGD后6至48 h神经元Che-1蛋白表达明显增高;慢病毒转染过表达Che-1蛋白后,OGD所致神经元LDH释放量明显减低,且OGD所致神经元凋亡明显减少;过表达Che-1蛋白可显著减少OGD所致神经元Beclin1和LC3II的表达;自噬激动剂Rapamycin可逆转Che-1对OGD所致神经元损伤的保护作用。结论:过表达Che-1蛋白可通过抑制神经元自噬对OGD所致神经元损伤发挥保护作用。     

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation affects stabilization of Che-1 protein in response to DNA damage

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) catalyzes a post-translational modification that plays a crucial role in coordinating the signalling cascade in response to stress stimuli. During the DNA damage response, phosphorylation by ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase and checkpoint kinase Chk2 induces the stabilization of Che-1 protein, which is critical for the maintenance of G2/M arrest. In this study we showed that poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, beyond phosphorylation, is involved in the regulation of Che-1 stabilization following DNA damage. We demonstrated that Che-1 accumulation upon doxorubicin treatment is reduced after the inhibition of PARP activity in HCT116 cells and in PARP-1 knock-out or silenced cells. In accordance, impairment in Che-1 accumulation by PARP inhibition reduced Che-1 occupancy at p21 promoter and affected the expression of the corresponding gene. Epistasis experiments showed that the effect of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation on Che-1 stabilization is independent from ATM kinase activity. Indeed we demonstrated that Che-1 protein co-immunoprecipitates with ADP-ribose polymers and that PARP-1 directly interacts with Che-1, promoting its modification in vitro and in vivo.     

HMGB1 release promotes paclitaxel resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells via activating c-Myc expression

Paclitaxel (PTX) is one of standard chemotherapy drug for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, PTX resistance leads to treatment failures, for which the underlying molecular mechanisms remain exclusive. In this study, we reported that PTX-induced constant HMGB1 expression and release confers to PTX resistance in mCRPC cells via activating and sustaining c-Myc signaling. PTX upregulated HMGB1 expression and triggered its release in human mCRPC cells. Silencing HMGB1 by RNAi and blocking HMGB1 release by glycyrrhizin or HMGB1 neutralizing antibody sensitized the response of PTX-resistant mCRPC cells to PTX. Release HMGB1 activated c-Myc expression. Inhibiting c-Myc expression by RNAi or c-MyC inhibitor significantly enhance the sensitivity of PTX-resistant CRPC cells to PTX. Therefore, HMGB1/c-Myc axis is critical in the development of PTX resistance, and targeting HMGB1/c-Myc axis would counteract PTX resistance in mCRPC cells.