关于金钗石斛抗氧化损伤作用的微综述

金钗石斛（Dendrobium nobile Lindl.）为兰科（Orchidaceae）石斛属（Dendrobium SW.）植物,具有益胃生津、滋阴清热等功效。药理学研究发现金钗石斛在防治肿瘤、肝硬化、老年痴呆及抗氧化应激损伤等方面具有良好的应用前景。金钗石斛可作为天然抗氧化剂的候选药材,金钗石斛总多酚、总多糖、总黄酮、总生物碱均有不同程度的自由基清除能力。研究发现这些化合物在降低活性氧水平,增强抗氧化酶活性,激活相关抗氧化通路,以及保护蛋白质、DNA、脂质免受氧化损伤等方面具有重要作用。对近年来发表的有关金钗石斛主要活性化合物抗氧化损伤作用的文献进行了综述,旨在为后续金钗石斛的开发应用提供参考。     

沉淀敲出法快速发现霍山产铁皮石斛生物碱及其组分抗氧化活性在线测定

为了给霍山产铁皮石斛药效物质基础研究及抗氧化活性物质快速发现提供依据,在预实验基础上,采用鲁米诺-双氧水发光体系作为羟自由基清除活性评价平台,HPLC-UV-CL联用在线测定了铁皮石斛生物碱部位各组分清除自由基活性。以磷钼酸、碘-碘化钾为沉淀试剂敲出总生物碱提取物中生物碱组分,对比敲出前后HPLC图谱变化,确定铁皮石斛的生物碱组分。结果表明,在本实验条件下,霍山产铁皮石斛中检出的5种生物碱中有4种可降低鲁米诺-双氧水发光体系的发光值。HPLC-UV-CL可用于铁皮石斛生物碱清除自由基活性快速测定。实验结果可为铁皮石斛质量控制、抗氧化活性成分定向分离的研究提供依据。     

秋石斛花青素提取液成分分析及其体外抗氧化活性和刺激性研究

为了解热带兰秋石斛花青素的功能,用超声波辅助提取法提取秋石斛'三亚阳光'(Dendrobium phalaenopsis'Sanya Sunny')的花青素,用UPLC-QTOF-MS技术对其花青素提取液进行成分分析,并对其抗氧化活性进行了评价,采用家兔皮肤刺激和眼刺激实验对提取物的安全性进行了研究.结果表明,从花青素...     

本斯石斛花的香气成分及抗氧化活性研究

为探究本斯石斛鲜花的香气组成及抗氧化活性,本文采用溶剂辅助风味蒸馏法对本斯石斛鲜花的挥发性成分进行提取,采用3种体外自由基清除模型结合人永生化皮质细胞内SOD酶活力修复模型对本斯石斛花的提取物进行抗氧化活性评价。通过GC-MS对挥发物的化学组成进行分析,峰面积归一化法确定各化合物的相对百分含量,结合嗅觉阈值所计算得到的气味活度值,确定了本斯石斛鲜花中的关键香气化合物。结果显示:从本斯石斛花挥发物中共鉴定出51种化合物,约占总含量的90.0%,其中关键香气成分16个,包括苯甲醇(45.5%)、香草醛(17.0%)、己醛(3.4%)、苯乙醇(2.7%)等,修饰性香气化合物6个以及潜在香气化合物3个,这些成分共同构成了本斯石斛鲜花具有的青草香、甜香、花香等的香气特征。本斯石斛鲜花高浓度乙醇提取物在羟基自由基清除、DPPH自由基清除、ABTS自由基清除模型、人永生化皮质细胞内SOD酶修复模型评价中均表现出较强的抗氧化活性。本研究为本斯石斛花相关香型日化产品和抗氧化活性物质的研发提供了科学依据。     

海南不同产区铁皮石斛活性成分的比较研究北大核心CSCD

海南是铁皮石斛主产区之一,为研究不同产地铁皮石斛的差异性,本文比较了海南八个产区铁皮石斛的醇提物及水提物的成分,抗氧化性和降血糖活性,并进一步研究该化学成分与对应活性的相关性。结果显示:海南琼中、三亚、保亭地区铁皮石斛提取物在清除DPPH自由基和总还原力模型中表现出较高的抗氧化性,儋州产区铁皮石斛水提物表现出最高的α-淀粉酶抑制活性。相关性研究表明酸性糖、总多酚、总黄酮含量与上述抗氧化模型有一定的线性关系,醇提物中总多酚表现出相对最高的相关性(r=0.904,P<0.01;r=0.861;P<0.01)。本研究为铁皮石斛在保健食品、药品领域中的开发提供一定的借鉴。     

海南不同产区铁皮石斛活性成分的比较研究

海南是铁皮石斛主产区之一,为研究不同产地铁皮石斛的差异性,本文比较了海南八个产区铁皮石斛的醇提物及水提物的成分,抗氧化性和降血糖活性,并进一步研究该化学成分与对应活性的相关性。结果显示:海南琼中、三亚、保亭地区铁皮石斛提取物在清除DPPH自由基和总还原力模型中表现出较高的抗氧化性,儋州产区铁皮石斛水提物表现出最高的α-淀粉酶抑制活性。相关性研究表明酸性糖、总多酚、总黄酮含量与上述抗氧化模型有一定的线性关系,醇提物中总多酚表现出相对最高的相关性(r=0.904,P0.01;r=0.861;P0.01)。本研究为铁皮石斛在保健食品、药品领域中的开发提供一定的借鉴。     

石斛属植物抗肿瘤活性成分及其机制研究进展

石斛属(Dendrobium)是兰科植物中的第二大属,很多石斛属植物是传统的名贵药用植物,具有良好的抗肿瘤作用。近年来石斛属植物抗肿瘤研究取得了显著进展,该文对石斛属植物的抗肿瘤主要活性成分、提取方法以及抗肿瘤机制等方面进行了归纳。石斛属植物抗肿瘤主要活性成分有多糖、生物碱、菲类、联苄类、芴酮类化合物等,抗肿瘤作用机制主要有增强机体免疫力、抑制癌细胞增殖、促进癌细胞凋亡、调控或阻滞癌细胞周期、抗氧化和清除自由基、改变信号通路传导等。在此基础上,进一步提出加强对石斛属植物抗癌方面的深入研究,挖掘更多的石斛属药用资源及其特征成分,深入解析它们的抗肿瘤作用机制,建立全面的评价体系,为开发石斛属植物抗癌药物提供理论基础,为合理、有效地利用石斛属资源提供科学依据。     

红曲霉-金钗石斛双向发酵工艺优化

红曲霉(Monascus sp.)代谢产物具有很强的抗氧化性,是天然的抗氧化剂重要来源.金钗石斛是中国传统中药材,具有很多生物活性,结合红曲霉与中草药材双向发酵有望增强其抗氧化能力和改变代谢通路,为探究筛选最佳的金钗石斛-红曲霉发酵条件,提高双向发酵代谢产物的抗氧化活性,采用ABTS法、DPPH法和抗脂质过氧化法三种体...     

铁皮石斛原球茎多糖DCPP1a-1对氧自由基和脂质过氧化的影响

铁皮石斛原球茎多糖DCPP1a-1的体外抗氧活性研究表明,铁皮石斛原球茎多糖DCPP1a-1能明显抑制.OH和O2.-,并呈现良好的量效关系,其IC50分别为1.181和0.727mg/mL;多糖DCPP1a-1可降低体外温育和Fe2 、H2O2诱导的小鼠肝组织匀浆MDA的产生,能抑制小鼠肝线粒体MDA的生成;在1和2mg/mL浓度下能减轻线粒体的肿胀程度,显示出一定的量效关系。表明原球茎多糖DCPP1a-1具有较强的抗氧化活性。也初步显示出离体培养的铁皮石斛可能为石斛多糖的开发提供新的药源。     

外源硒对低温胁迫下铁皮石斛幼苗的缓解效应及其抗氧化生理特征变化

以3个不同品系的铁皮石斛幼苗为材料,分别于叶面喷施不同浓度的亚硒酸钠溶液处理,并结合人工控温生长条件下的低温胁迫试验,探讨外源硒对铁皮石斛幼苗耐冷性和恢复生长能力的影响作用及其与有关抗氧化生理指标间的关系。结果表明:(1)耐冷性表现较强的品系其幼苗在低温胁迫下的叶绿素、MDA及脯氨酸含量变化幅度相对小于耐冷性较弱的品系。(2)适量浓度(0.05～0.10mg.L-1)外源硒处理对低温胁迫下铁皮石斛幼苗叶绿素降解具有缓解效应,可降低MDA含量,增加脯氨酸含量,同时显著提高GSH-AsA循环活性,从而提高铁皮石斛幼苗的耐冷性,但过高浓度的外源硒处理(>0.20mg.L-1)则效果相反。(3)低温胁迫解除后,0.10mg.L-1的外源硒处理能引起铁皮石斛‘ZD-1’幼苗中AsA含量显著下降并促进其GSH合成积累,有效提升铁皮石斛幼苗在恢复生长期的综合抗氧化防御能力。     

水杨酸对霍山石斛类原球茎细胞生长及多糖合成的影响

本研究考察了水杨酸对霍山石斛类原球茎悬浮培养细胞生长、多糖合成、碳代谢的影响,并研究了细胞生长、多糖合成以及蔗糖消耗的动力学。结果表明,水杨酸对霍山石斛类原球茎细胞生长有轻微的抑制作用,但能够显著改善类原球茎对碳源的利用,提高胞内可溶性糖的含量,从而促进多糖的合成,其中以添加100μmol/L浓度的水杨酸效果最好,培养18d时,多糖产量达到3.129g/L,为对照的1.63倍。建立的培养动力学模型能较好地反映水杨酸调控霍山石斛类原球茎悬浮培养过程中细胞生长、多糖合成和蔗糖消耗特性。     

毛兰属植物化学成分及药理活性研究进展

毛兰属植物由于近年来同属于兰科的石斛属植物的过度采挖,而取代名贵中药石斛类作为药材应用。为了了解其化学成分及能否替代石斛应用,本文对毛兰属植物的化学成分及药理活性研究进展进行了综述。目前毛兰属植物研究所涉及的种类仅5种,从该属植物中分离出化学成分13种,包括菲类、9,10-二氢菲类及二聚体、联苄、甾体和脂肪族化合物等结构类型。药理研究表明,一些成分如毛兰素和毛兰菲在抗肿瘤和抗氧化等方面显示了较好的活性。开展毛兰属植物的研究,对发现新的药用活性成分及资源保护有重要意义。     

Antioxidant activity of extracts from leaves and roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, S. przewalskii Maxim., and S. verticillata L

Three Salvia species have been studied for antioxidant activity in methanol extracts from roots and leaves. The presence of the polyphenols and tanshinones was screened by HPLC and spectrophotometric assays and related to the antioxidant potential. The antioxidant capacity of the studied species is high, but differences between species and organs have been also revealed. Salvia przewalskii leaf extract was the strongest one in all tests, followed by Salvia miltiorrhiza root and Salvia verticillata leaf. Among the roots, the most active was S. miltiorrhiza extract, followed by S. verticillata. The antioxidant activity correlates to the total polyphenol and, depending on the assay, to the hydroxycinnamic acids content. The high content of tanshinones in both S. miltiorrhiza and S. przewalskii roots is unlikely to contribute to the antioxidant activity.     

The antioxidant potential of dominant macroalgae species from the Sea of Japan

The range of variation in the key components of enzymatic and low-molecular-weight antioxidant systems (AOSs) is determined for 17 dominant species of macroalgae from the Sea of Japan waters that are exposed to minimal anthropogenic pressure, during the period of their active vegetative growth. The maximum activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase, and the highest content of glutathione and carotenoids are observed in members of the phylum Chlorophyta. The studied algae display a wide phenotypic variability in terms of catalase activity and ascorbate abundance in their tissues. Differences between species in the constitutive capacity of AOS are found within the systematic phyla. It is shown for the first time that warm-water algae of temperate latitudes have a lower content of low-molecular-weight antioxidants and a higher activity of key antioxidant enzymes compared to those recorded for cold-temperate species.     

In vitro antioxidant activities of a water-soluble polysaccharide derived from Dendrobium nobile Lindl. extracts

A water-soluble polysaccharide (DNP), isolated from the aqueous extracts of the stem of Dendrobium nobile Lindl., was found to have an average molecular weight (Mw) of about 8.76 × 10⁴ Da. Monosaccharides analysis revealed that DNP was composed of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in a molar ratio of 1.00:2.80:2.20:30.76:117.96:31.76. The evaluation of antioxidant activity in vitro revealed that DNP is a novel potential antioxidant. The NMR spectra suggested that the main structure of DNP was possible as     

Accurate identification of closely related Dendrobium species with multiple species-specific gDNA probes

About 63 species of Dendrobium are identified in China, making the identification of the origin of a particular Dendrobium species on the consumer market very difficult. We report evaluation of multiple species-specific probes screened from genomic DNA for closely related Dendrobium species identification, based on DNA array hybridization. Fourteen species-specific probes were screened from five closely related Dendrobium species, D. aurantiacum Kerr, D. officinale Kimura et Migo, D. nobile Lindl., D. chrysotoxum Lindl. and D. fimbriatum Hook., based on the SSH-Array technology we developed. Various commercial Dendrobium samples and unrelated samples were definitely identified. The specificity and accuracy of the multiple species-specific probes for species identification was assessed by identifying various commercial Dendrobium samples (Herba Dendrobii). Hybridization patterns of these multiple probes on digested genomic DNAs of Dendrobium species indicated that there are distinct polymorphic sequence fragment in the higher eukaryotes. This is the first report on detection and utilization of multiple species-specific probes of Dendrobium in whole genomic DNA, and this could be useful tools not only for a new technical platform for the closely related species identification but also for epidemiological studies on higher eukaryotes.     

Diversity Suppression-Subtractive Hybridization Array for Profiling Genomic DNA Polymorphisms

Genomlc DNA polymorphlsms are very useful for tracing genetic traits end studying biological diversity among species. Here, we present a method we call the ＂diversity suppresslon-subtractlve hybridization array＂ for effectively profiling genomlc DNA polymorphisms. The method first obtains the subtracted gDNA fragments between any two species by suppression subtraction hybridization （SSH） to establish e subtracted gDNA library, from which diversity SSH arrays are created with the selected subtracted clones. The diversity SSH array hybridizes with the DIG-labeled genomlc DNA of the organism to be assayed. Six closely related Dendrobium species were studied as model samples. Four Dendrobium species as testers were used to perform SSH. A total of 617 subtracted positive clones were obtained from four Dendrobium species, and the average ratio of positive clones was 80.3%. We demonstrated that the average percentage of polymorphlc fragments of palrwlse comparisons of four Dendrobium species was up to 42.4%. A dendrogram of the relatedness of six Dendrobium species was produced according to their polymorphic profiles. The results revealed that the diversity SSH array Is a highly effective platform for profiling genomlc DNA polymorphlsms and dendrograms.     

Phylogenetic constrains on mycorrhizal specificity in eight Dendrobium(Orchidaceae) species

Plant phylogeny constrains orchid mycorrhizal(OrM) fungal community composition in some orchids. Here, we investigated the structures of the OrM fungal communities of eight Dendrobium species in one niche to determine whether similarities in the OrM fungal communities correlated with the phylogeny of the host plants and whether the Dendrobium-OrM fungal interactions are phylogenetically conserved. A phylogeny based on DNA data was constructed for the eight coexisting Dendrobium species,and the OrM fungal communities were characterized by their roots. There were 31 different fungal lineages associated with the eight Dendrobium species. In total, 82.98% of the identified associations belonging to Tulasnellaceae, and a smaller proportion involved members of the unknown Basidiomycota(9.67%). Community analyses revealed that phylogenetically related Dendrobium tended to interact with a similar set of Tulasnellaceae fungi. The interactions between Dendrobium and Tulasnellaceae fungi were significantly influenced by the phylogenetic relationships among the Dendrobium species. Our results provide evidence that the mycorrhizal specificity in the eight coexisting Dendrobium species was phylogenetically conserved.     

温度对梯棱羊肚菌抗氧化酶活及其基因表达的影响

大田栽培条件下,环境温度无法精确调控,温度胁迫是影响羊肚菌生长发育的重要因素。抗氧化酶和抗氧化活性物质是羊肚菌抵御逆境胁迫的重要因子。温度胁迫下,羊肚菌菌丝会通过增加相应酶活性来减少活性氧的积累,降低对细胞的损伤。作者研究了不同温度对梯棱羊肚菌菌丝生长、抗氧化酶（超氧化物歧化酶SOD、过氧化氢酶CAT、谷胱甘肽还原酶GR、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GPX）活性及其基因表达和抗氧化活性物质的影响,结果显示：在5-25℃的温度区间内,随着温度的增加,菌丝生长速度加快,菌丝的老化速度也加快;对抗氧化酶活性研究发现,SOD、GPX和GR在低温下活性更高,CAT在高温下活性更高;抗氧化活性物质含量会随温度升高而增加,如还原型抗坏血酸（AsA）和还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）;温度越高,羊肚菌菌丝中H₂O₂、O^2-和丙二醛含量也随之增加。因此,在温度胁迫下,羊肚菌通过启动不同的抗氧化酶和抗氧化活性物质来减少活性氧含量,缓解菌丝损伤,本研究为探讨温度对羊肚菌种质质量的影响和栽培条件优化提供了基础数据支撑。