甘蔗过氧化物酶同工酶分析

以３０个甘蔗品种为材料,用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,分析甘蔗不同生长时期过氧化物酶同工酶。个别品种还进行同一品种在不同种植地区、同一植株不同叶位的同工酶酶谱比较,结果表明,不同品种的酶谱其酶带分布有明显的区别,但同一品种在不同种植地区、不同生长时期、不同植株、同一植株不同叶位其酶带分布无差异,体现了同工酶作为品种标记具有多态性及稳定性。用单一酶系即可准确、方便地鉴定甘蔗品种。     

多花水仙若干品种类型的亲缘关系与进化研究I.POD同工酶分析

以7个水仙品种为材料,用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,分析在同一生长时期的过氧化物酶同工酶。结果表明,酶谱中不同品种的酶带分布有区别。但I-1、I-2和Ⅲ-3相似,Ⅱ-1和Ⅱ-2相似,平潭水仙和漳州水仙相似。     

多花水仙若干品种类型的亲缘关系与进化研究Ⅰ.POD同工酶分析

以7个水仙品种为材料,用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,分析在同一生长时期的过氧化物酶同工酶.结果表明,酶谱中不同品种的酶带分布有区别.但Ⅰ-1、Ⅰ-2和Ⅲ-3相似,Ⅱ-1和Ⅱ-2相似,平潭水仙和漳州水仙相似.     

多花水仙若干品种类型的亲缘关系与进化研究——I．POD同工酶分析

以7个水仙品种为材料,用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,分析在同一生长时期的过氧化物酶同工酶。结果表明,酶谱中不同品种的酶带分布有区别。但Ⅰ-1、Ⅰ-2和Ⅲ-3相似,Ⅱ-1和Ⅱ-2相似,平潭水仙和漳州水仙相似。     

柑桔近缘植物酯酶同工酶的研究

本文用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定了柑桔近缘植物14个种群的种子及幼苗的酯酶同工酶,根据酶谱及扫描图的异同,分析了彼此的亲缘关系,试验结果表明,柑桔近缘植物种属间的酯酶同工酶的酶带数目,酶活性,迁移率及酶谱扫描均有不同程度的差异,同一品种不同发育时期的同工酶也具有不同表现形式,特别是柑桔种子的酯酶同工酶谱一般较稳定,可以作为柑桔亲缘关系的生化遗传指标。     

柑桔近缘植物酯酶同工酶的研究

本文用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定了柑桔近缘植物14个种群的种子及幼苗的酯酶同工酶,根据酶谱及扫描图的异同,分析了彼此的亲缘关系,试验结果表明,柑桔近缘植物种属间的酯酶同工酶的酶带数目,酶活性,迁移率及酶谱扫描均有不同程度的差异,同一品种不同发育时期的同工酶也具有不同表现形式,特别是柑桔种子的酯酶同工酶谱一般较稳定,可以作为柑桔亲缘关系的生化遗传指标。     

从番茄过氧化物酶同工酶表型差异探讨杂种优势机理

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对番茄进行过氧化物酶同工酶分析表明:(1)不同栽培品种在同一生育期或同一品种在不同生育期、不同部位酶谱表型有明显差异,但把各品种不同生育期的酶谱叠加,所得到的总酶谱是相同的;(2)品种间杂交其F_1的过氧化物酶同工酶谱不存在“杂种酶带”或“互补酶带”;(3)品种间过氧化物酶同工酶的结构基因相同,酶谱表型上的差异可能是基因表达顺序上的差异,这可能是番茄杂种优势产生的生理基础之一。选择早期(芽期)酶谱表型差异适中的品种作杂交亲本,有可能获得生产上可用的高优组合。     

几种同工酶与猕猴桃品种对溃疡病抗性关系的研究

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、同工酶分析技术分别研究了猕猴桃植株体内过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、酯酶(EST)同工酶谱带的变化,结果表明:自然感染溃疡病前后,此6种同工酶谱带特征在不同抗感品种中表现出一定的差异.未感染溃疡病菌前,抗(感)品系枝条、叶片POD同工酶均有2条酶带,PPO同工酶有3条酶带,但感病品种酶带颜色深且粗,而抗病品种酶带颜色浅且细,叶片酶带颜色深于枝条;SOD、CAT同工酶谱带均为1条,Rf值分别为0.38、0.28,感性品种较抗耐品种谱带亮度高活性强;自然发病后,抗(感)品系POD、PPO同工酶谱带数都增加,分别为4、3条和5、4条,且抗病品种新酶带出现较感病品种早且酶带粗颜色深活性强,感病品系虽也有新酶带出现,但酶带少活性弱,抗病品系枝条、叶片POD、PPO同工酶新谱带的Rf值分别为0.63、0.67和0.85、0.87;抗感病品种SOD、CAT同工酶都被诱导产生了1条新的同工酶谱带,Rf分别为0.32和0.27,新酶带现色时间迟,且酶带颜色浅活性弱,但抗耐品种较感性品种谱带亮且活性强;EST同工酶于自然发病前后变化不大,与抗病性关系不很明显.     

小黑杨花粉植株过氧化物酶同工酶分析

1989年冬笔者对已自行加倍的80株小黑杨花粉植株的休眠芽进行了过氧化物酶同工酶分析,发现株间有差异,酶谱可截然分成两类。第一类酶谱与小黑杨原株(花药培养供体)不同,在B带区多了一条带纹即B_2带,此类约占78％。第二类酶谱与小黑杨原株完全相同,此类约占22％。无论株间形态分离还是过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱差异都充分说明这些小黑杨单倍体植株来源于花粉,它们是重组花粉在植株水平上的表现。实验还证明,小黑杨花粉植株休眠芽的过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱是稳定的,可用来鉴定小黑杨花粉植株的无性系,相信用同工酶鉴定杨树无性系会对林业生产起重要作用。     

九连小檗悬浮培养细胞生理生化研究——Ⅳ.细胞生长与酯酶同工酶变化的关系

本文报道了九连小檗细胞悬浮培养过程中细胞生长与酯酶同工酶变化的关系。分析了25代及第10代和第25代不同生长时期的细胞和培养液的酯酶同工酶。结果表明,各代第18天的酯酶同工酶谱没有差异,而在生长周期中,不同时期的酶谱则有变化,对数期出现了新的谱带,这说明培养细胞的酯酶同工酶与细胞生长相关。     

萝卜营养生长期超氧化物歧化酶活性和丙二醛含量的变化

研究了不同品种萝卜营养生长期其超氧化物歧化酶 ( SOD,EC1.15.1.1)活性及丙二醛( MDA)含量的变化。结果表明 :不同品种萝卜及同一品种萝卜在不同营养生长期其 SOD活性存在较大差异 ,SOD活性随叶龄的增大而升高 ,4 0 d时达最大峰值 ,随后下降 ;MDA含量在叶片展开后 4 0 d内缓慢上升 ,此后明显升高。SOD活性低的萝卜品种其丙二醛含量高 ,萝卜肉质根的 SOD活性高于叶片的 SOD活性。说明萝卜营养生长期存在活跃的活性氧代谢 ,SOD活性降低可能是引起 MDA含量升高的原因之一。     

甘蔗成熟期叶鞘纤维素酶活性对自然脱落的影响

采用脱叶性不同的4个甘蔗品种为材料,研究了在成熟期叶鞘纤维素酶活性对蔗叶脱落的影响。结果表明,纤维素酶活性影响甘蔗叶片脱落,在收获期叶鞘纤维素酶活性与植株脱落率均达到最高。不同叶位中,＋10叶位纤维素酶活性最高。相关性分析表明,4个甘蔗品种的＋10叶位叶鞘纤维素酶活性与脱落率呈正相关。     

Direct plant regeneration from cultured young leaf segments of sugarcane

Young leaf segments (1.0–1.5 cm) excised from spindle explants of three commercial sugarcane varieties viz. Co J 64, Co J 83 and Co J 86 were cultured on different media compositions based on Murashige and Skoog (1962) salts. Cultured explants exhibited swelling followed by direct shoot regeneration on media containing naphthaleneacetic acid, in all the three varieties. Highest frequency 83.12% shoot regeneration occurred on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with naphthaleneacetic acid (5.0 mg l⁻¹) and kinetin (0.5 mg l⁻¹) in variety Co J 83. Medium devoid of naphthaleneacetic acid and supplemented with only kinetin did not induce direct shoot regeneration in any of the varieties thus tried. Subsequently profuse rooting of shoots was observed on the same medium and complete plantlets were recovered within 6 weeks. The plantlets were hardened and transferred to soil. Tissue culture derived field-grown plants were normal and exhibited faster growth and better tillering. This developed single step method of direct plant regeneration can be used for rapid mass cloning and genetic transformation of sugarcane.     

3个向日葵品种生长期内水分、蛋白质和总黄酮含量动态变化

本实验研究了3个向日葵品种在生长周期内茎、叶及茎叶混合样的水分、蛋白质和总黄酮含量的动态变化.结果表明:向日葵不同品种、不同生长期以及同一品种的不同部位的水分、蛋白质、总黄酮含量均存在差异.水分含量整体呈现下降趋势,且茎＞茎叶混合＞叶;蛋白质含量为叶＞茎叶混合样＞茎,其中高秆食用葵叶片中蛋白质含量为8.10g/100g...     

不同株型玉米光响应曲线的特征参数研究

以平展型品种高油115、中间型品种农大108和紧凑型品种郑单958为供试材料,利用LI-6400便携式光合测定系统测定了玉米吐丝期不同叶位的光响应曲线,并提取出曲线的特征参数。结果表明：不同株型玉米吐丝期光响应曲线的特征参数存在着差异,不同叶位的最大光合速率值均为农大108＞郑单958＞高油115;表观量子利用效率和暗呼吸速率均为郑单958＞农大108＞高油115,揭示了不同株型品种间光能利用特点差异的生理学基础。     

Gene flow analysis demonstrates that Phytophthora fragariae var. rubi constitutes a distinct species, Phytophthora rubi comb. nov

Isozyme analysis and cytochrome oxidase sequences were used to examine whether differentiation of P. fragariae var. fragariae and P. fragariae var. rubi at the variety level is justified. In isozyme studies six strains of both P. fragariae varieties were analyzed with malate dehydrogenase (MDH), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), aconitase (ACO), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), comprising altogether seven putative loci. Five unique alleles (Mdh-1(A), Mdh-2(B), Gpi(A), Aco(B) and Idh-1(B)) were found in strains of P. fragariae var. fragariae, whereas five unique alleles (Mdh-1(B), Mdh-2(A), Gpi(B), Aco(A) and Idh-1(A)) were present in strains of P. fragariae var. rubi. It was inferred from these data that there is no gene flow between the two P. fragariae varieties. Cytochrome oxidase I (Cox I) sequences showed consistent differences at 15 positions between strains of Fragaria and Rubus respectively. Based on isozyme data, cytochrome oxidase I sequences, and previously published differences in restyriction enzyme patterns of mitochondrial DNA, sequences of nuclear and mitochondrial genes, AFLP patterns and pathogenicity, it was concluded that both specific pathogenic varieties of P. fragariae are reproductively isolated and constitute a distinct species. Consequently strains isolated from Rubus idaeus are assigned to Phytophthora rubi comb. nov.     

Variety‐specific Epidemiology of Cercospora beticola Sacc. and Consequences for Threshold‐based Timing of Fungicide Application in Sugar Beet

In Central Europe, fungicides to control leaf spot disease in sugar beet caused by Cercospora beticola are applied based on thresholds of disease incidence (DI, per cent of infected plants). As variety‐specific fungicide application was not analyzed to date, the epidemiology of C. beticola and its effect on white sugar yield (WSY) in varieties with different susceptibility were investigated at seven sites in Germany and Austria in 2004 and 2005. All varieties reached the summary thresholds 5 / 15 / 45% DI in all environments. Fitting a logistic growth curve to DI revealed significant differences among varieties. At high disease pressure, susceptible varieties reached a considerably higher disease severity (DS, per cent of infected leaf area) at harvest and a larger area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) than resistant varieties. Fitting a logistic growth curve to DS showed an increasing differentiation among varieties with time. The growth rate estimated based on the logistic growth curve was the only variable that performed equally well in differentiating varieties under low and high disease pressure. With increasing disease pressure, varieties differed considerably in WSY, but differences between susceptible and resistant varieties were significant only in some environments. The disease‐loss relation between AUDPC and relative WSY was variety‐specific. Resistant varieties had an approximately identical WSY with and without infection and compensated for negative infection effects even at higher AUDPC. Therefore, at high disease pressure, resistant varieties had a higher relative yield compared to susceptible ones. However, our results indicate that there is no need to develop variety‐specific thresholds, but resistant varieties reach the established thresholds later than susceptible ones. Consequently, the time of fungicide application can be delayed in resistant varieties. This will help to reduce the use of fungicides to the bare essentials as requested for the integrated crop protection management.     

Sugarcane mosaic virus in plantlets regenerated from diseased leaf tissue

Plantlets produced from sugarcane leaf tissue were examined to determine the effect of propagation on the frequency of occurrence of sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV).Explants from immature leaf tissues of the sugarcane variety CP 72-356 (Saccharum interspecific hybrid), healthy or SCMV-infected, were cultured on Murashige-Skoog medium to which a combination of cytokinin and auxin had been added. Plantlets developed on healthy and infected leaf tissue within 6 weeks. The juice from plantlets was assayed for SCMV on Rio sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, var. Rio) seedlings and on sugarcane varieties CP 31-294 and CO 31-588 for SCMV-strain identification. Results indicated that SCMV strain H was transmitted from the donor tissue to the regenerated plantlets. Observation on plantlets reared in the greenhouse showed that 23% had symptoms of SCMV. In a second replicated experiment, the leaf tissue from plants of POJ 234 free of mosaic or infected with SCMV strain A, B, D, H, or I was cultured. Each of the five strains was transmitted from donor to plantlet as indicated by assays on sorghum and sugarcane varieties. From 11 to 88% of the plantlets had mosaic symptoms, depending on the strain infecting the donor plant. In this experiment, SCMV-strain M was transmitted from an unidentified donor variety to 23% of the regenerated plantlets.Portions of this paper have been presented to the American Society of Sugar Cane Technologists, at the meeting in Clearwater, Florida in June, 1984.