晚古生代海扇类Aviculopecten planoradiatus McCoy,1851新材料发现的重要意义

根据最近在大英博物馆发现的燕海扇（Ａｖｉｃｕｌｏｐｅｃｔｅｎ）模式种的新材料（Ｆａｎｇ ａｎｄ Ｍｏｒｒｉｓ,１９９９）燕海扇的不等壳性终于得到确认。因此,有必要对Ｎｅｗｅｌｌ和Ｂｏｙｄ（１９９５）的燕海扇超科（Ａｖｉｃｕｌｏｐｅｃｔｉｎａｃｅａ）的分类方案作若干修正：１９９５年定义的燕海扇科（Ａｖｉｃｕｌｏｐｅｃｔｉｎｉｄａｅ）无效,应由本文新提出的早坂海扇科（Ｈａｙａｓａｋａｐｅｃｔｉｎｉｄａ     

稀土元素La对酸雨损伤蜡梅的影响

稀土元素Ｌａ对酸雨损伤蜡梅的影响周青黄晓华王冬燕邵爱华吴波（苏州铁道师范学院,２１５００９）ＥｆｅｃｔｏｆＲａｒｅＥａｒｔｈＬａｏｎｔｈｅＷｉｎｔｅｒｓｗｅｔＨａｒｍｅｄｂｙＳｉｍｕｌａｔｅｄＡｃｉｄＲａｉｎ．ＺｈｏｕＱｉｎｇ,ＨｕａｎｇＸｉａｏｈ...     

重金属在土壤—水稻系统中的行为特性

重金属在土壤＿水稻系统中的行为特性王新吴燕玉（中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,１１００１５）ＢｅｈａｖｉｏｕｒＰｒｏｐｅｒｔｙｏｆＨｅａｖｙＭｅｔａｌｓｉｎＳｏｉｌ＿ＲｉｃｅＳｙｓｔｅｍ．ＷａｎｇＸｉｎ,ＷｕＹａｎｙｕ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｐｐｌ...     

南极乔治王岛燕鸥湖晚第四纪硅藻（Ⅰ）：Coscinodiscales

南极乔治王岛燕鸥湖Ａ孔岩芯长７．７ｍ,其中发现有丰富的淡水及海相硅藻植物群。本文仅涉及该孔海相地层中的Ｃｏｓｃｉｎｏｄｉｓｃａｌｅｓ硅藻植物群的系统分类及其古环境意义。系统描述１４种和２变种（其中１个为新变种）,分属７属,５科,另有１种硅鞭藻。该植物群为南大洋中常见的浅海类型,它们对于指示南大洋水体的波动及古气候变化具有一定意义。     

南极乔治王岛燕鸥湖晚第四纪硅藻（Ⅲ）：Diatomales，Achnanthales和Surirellales

本文对南极乔治王岛燕鸥湖晚第四纪硅藻中的等片藻目（Ｄｉａｔｏｍａｌｅｓ）、曲壳藻目（Ａｃｈｎａｎｔｈａｌｅｓ）和双菱藻目（Ｓｕｒｉｒｅｌｌａｌｅｓ）进行了系统分类描述,计有２４个种和８个变种,其中包括１个新种,５个新变种。它们可归属于：１）世界普生种,淡水或半咸水生境,中性－偏碱性;２）南极近岸浅海海域中常见种。     

Attenuation of seizure in P77PMC rats with an HSV-vector expressing IL-1ra in brain

Ｅｐｉｌｅｐｓｙｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｃｏｍｍｏｎｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓｄｕｒｉｎｇｃｈｉｌｄｈｏｏｄｉｎｃｌｉｎｉｃａｌｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅ.Ｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｅｔｉｏｌｏｇｙ,ｍｏｌｅｃｕｌａｒｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｓｏｆｅｐｉｌｅｐｔｏｇｅｎｅｓｉｓａｒｅｎｏｔｆｕｌｌｙｃｌｅａｒ.Ａｓｗｅｋｎｏｗｅｐｉｌｅｐｓｙｉｓｃａｕｓｅｄｂｙｉｍｂａｌａｎｃｅｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｅｘｃｉｔａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｓｕｐｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｂｒａｉｎ.Ｉｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｓｈｏｗｎｉｎｈｕｍａｎａｎｄａｎｉｍａｌｍ…     

Structural study on hen egg-white lysozyme crystals grown in gravity and microgravity

Ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｃｒｙｓｔａｌｇｒｏｗｔｈｈａｓｂｅｅｎｏｆｇｒｅａｔｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅｉｎｅｘｐｌｏｉｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓｏｆｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｍａｃｒｏｍｏｌｅｃｕｌｅｓ.Ｔｈｅｍｉｃｒｏｇｒａｖｉｔｙｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｉｎｓｐａｃｅｉｓａｎｉｄｅａｌｐｌａｃｅｔｏｓｔｕｄｙｔｈｅｃｏｍｐｌｉｃａｔｅｄｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｃｒｙｓｔａｌｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｃｅｓｓａｎｄｔｏｇｒｏｗｇｏｏｄｑｕａｌｉｔｙｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｃｒｙｓｔａｌｓ.Ｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅ1980ｓ,ｎｏｔｉｃｅａｂｌ…     

Role of calcium in apoptosis of HL-60 cells induced by harringtonine

Ａｐｏｐｔｏｓｉｓｏｒｐｒｏｇｒａｍｍｅｄｃｅｌｌｄｅａｔｈｈａｓｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙｂｅｅｎｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｚｅｄａｓａｍｏｄｅｏｆｃｅｌｌｄｅａｔｈｔｈａｔｃａｎｂｅａｃｔｉｖａｔｅｄｉｎｍａｎｙｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｂｙａｖａｒｉｅｔｙｏｆｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌａｎｄｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌｓｔｉｍｕｌｉ.Ｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｆｒｏｍｓｅｖｅｒａｌｌａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｉｅｓｉｎｄｉｃａｔｅｄｔｈａｔｍａｎｙａｎｔｉｃａｎｃｅｒａｇｅｎｔｓｃａｎｉｎｄｕｃｅａｐｏｐｔｏｓｉｓｉｎｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｔｙｐｅｓｏｆｃｅｌｌ[…     

Isolation and characterization of five rice telomere-associated sequences

Ｔｅｌｏｍｅｒｅｉｓｔｈｅｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｇｅｎｅｔｉｃｌｏｃｕｓａｔｔｈｅｅｎｄｓｏｆａｌｌｅｕｋａｒｙｏｔｉｃｃｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｍｅｓ.ＴｈｅｙｗｅｒｅｐｒｏｐｏｓｅｄｔｏｃａｐｃｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｍｅｓｐｒｅｖｅｎｔｉｎｇｔｈｅｅｎｄｔｏｅｎｄｆｕｓｉｏｎｓｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｂｒｏｋｅｎｅｎｄｓａｎｄｃｏｎｔｉｎｕａｌｔｅｒｍｉｎａｌＤＮＡｌｏｓｓｄｕｒｉｎｇｒｅｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ.Ｔｈｅｙａｌｓｏｈａｖｅｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｓｏｎｍｅｍｂｒａｎｅｃｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｍｅｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｈｅ…     

Possibility of biological micromachining used for metal removal

Ｕｎｔｉｌｎｏｗ,ａｌｌｍａｃｈｉｎｉｎｇｍｅｔｈｏｄｓｕｓｅｄａｒｅｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌｏｒｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｏｒｐｈｙｓｉｃｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌ.Ｔｈｅｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙｓｙｓｔｅｍｏｆｎａｔｕｒａｌｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｃａｎｂｅｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｅｄｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｔｈｒｅｅｓｕｂｓｉｄｉａｒｙｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ:ｐｈｙｓｉｃｓ,ｃｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙａｎｄｂｉｏｌｏｇｙ.Ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅａｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｍａｃｈｉｎｉｎｇｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙｗｉｌｌｂｅａｂｒａｎｄｎｅｗｂｒａｎｃｈｉｎｍａ…     

太子参商品药材及其四倍体植株块根的高效液相指纹图谱

对不同产地太子参〔Pseudostellaria heterophylla(Miq.)Pax〕商品药材及其四倍体植株的块根进行了高效液相指纹图谱分析。结果表明,10个批次的不同产地太子参商品药材与经选育获得的6个株系太子参同源四倍体植株块根的HPLC-UV指纹图谱相似度较高,均在0.9以上。选取15个特征峰并大致判断其峰位和比例关系,构成太子参特有的HPLC色谱指纹图谱,为太子参药材鉴别、品质评价及优良品种的选育提供可靠依据。     

Effect of crude seaweed extracts on seed germination, seedling growth and some metabolic processes of Vicia faba L

Crude extracts from three green seaweeds (Cladophora dalmatica, Enteromorpha intestinalis, Ulva lactuca) and the three red algae (Corallina mediterranea, Jania rubens, Pterocladia pinnate) were prepared. Their effects on germination, growth of seedlings, chlorophyll content and other metabolic activities of Vicia faba were investigated. The crude extract of C. dalmatica showed maximal activity, and it increased seed germination, length of main root and shoot systems and the number of lateral roots. All the crude extracts of seaweed increased protein content in both root and shoot systems, total soluble sugars and chlorophyll content in leaves. The cytokinin content of the green algae was higher than that in red algae. Growth of seedlings of V. faba was stimulated but to different degrees.     

Comparison between chinese medical herb Pueraria lobata crude extract and its main isoflavone puerarin antioxidant properties and effects on rat liver CYP-catalysed drug metabolism

Ge-gen (Radix Puerariae; RP) is used in traditional oriental medicine for various medicinal purposes. The drug is the root of a wild leguminous creeper, Pueraria lobata (Willd) Ohwi. It possesses a high content of flavonoid derivatives, the most abundant of which is puerarin (PU). Here, using the enhanced chemiluminescence technique based on horseradish peroxidase and a luminol-oxidant-enhancer reagent, we evaluated in vitro the antioxidant activity of PU and RP crude extract. Both biological samples inhibited the steady-state chemiluminescent reaction in a dose-dependent fashion. However, different inhibition mechanism were postulated, since only RP behaved like conventional antioxidants. This activity was supposed to be due the presence of compounds other than PU in the crude extract. Using each of the specific substrates to different cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms or the regio- and stereo-selective hydroxylation of testosterone as polyfunctional probe we found that when intragastrically administered in male Wistar rats, PU (100 or 200 mg/kg b.w.) and RP (700 or 1,400 mg/kg b.w.) significantly altered hepatic CYP-linked monooxygenases. While both CYP content and NADPH-(CYP)-c-reductase activity were significantly increased in all situations, a complex pattern of CYP modulation was observed, including both induction (PU: CYP2A1, 1A1/2, 3A1, 2C11; RP: CYP1A2, 3A1, 2B1) and inactivation (PU and RP: CYP3A, 2E1, 2B1), the latter being due to either parental agents or metabolites, as demonstrated by in vitro studies. Overall, these findings indicate that RP contains compounds with potent antioxidant activity and that both PU and RP impairs CYP-catalysed drug metabolism.     

From the Zulu medicine to the European phytomedicine Umckaloabo®

Among the Zulus of South Africa a crude root drug of initially unknown botanical origin was used for the treatment of pulmonary diseases and tuberculosis (TB). An English TB patient called “Stevens” heard about it and travelled to South Africa where, according to his account, he was cured by taking an extract of the crude drug. It was extremely difficult to establish the imported crude herbal drug as a “new TB medicine”, as neither the plant from which the drug originated was identified nor were the constituents and pharmacological effects known at that time.It was only after a professional search and initial chemical and taxonomic investigations enabled the identity of the plant to be determined that the requirements were met for comprehensive chemical, pharmacological and clinical research into the crude drug.The following report traces the long and difficult path of this “mystery drug” from the Zululand of South Africa to the laboratories of Europe.     

The distribution of A1 adenosine receptor and 5′-nucleotidase in pig brain cortex subcellular fractions

Pig brain cerebral cortex was subfractionated by isopycnic centrifugation in sucrose gradients. In each subfraction the content of the agonist [³H]R-PIA binding, the activity of adenosine metabolizing enzymes (5-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase) and the activity of membrane marker enzymes were determined. The fractions were also examined by electron microscope. In general, the results suggest a widespread distribution of A₁ adenosine receptors in membranes from different origins. Marker enzyme profile characterization indicated an enrichment of A₁ adenosine receptor in pre-synaptic membranes isolated from the crude synaptosomal fraction (P2B subfraction) as well as in membranes of glial origin such as myelin. The receptor is also present in the endoplasmic reticulum and in membranes isolated from the microsomal fraction that seem to have a post-synaptic origin (P3B). In subfractions having a high content of adenosine receptor the equilibrium binding paramters were obtained as well as the proportion of high- to low-affinity sites. From the values of the equilibrium constants it was not possible to find differences between the receptor in the different subfractions. Analysis of the affinity state distribution showed a diminished percentage of high-affinity sites in fraction P3A, which can be accounted by the existence of myelin membranes; in contrast the percentage of high-affinity states was higher in P2 and P3B, indicating that in these fractions the receptor is present in synaptosomal membranes. The close correlation shown between the enzyme 5-nucleotidase specific activity and the specific ligand binding distributions led us to postulate an important role for the enzyme in the regulation of adenosine action in pig brain cortex.     

链格孢菌粗毒素对菊花‘神马’幼苗生长及生理代谢的影响

由链格孢菌引起的菊花黑斑病严重降低了菊花的品质和产量.链格孢菌在代谢过程中分泌的粗毒素是菊花黑斑病发生的主要致病因子之一.本文从菊花黑斑病发病叶片中分离筛选出致病真菌链格孢菌1株,研究其粗毒素对菊花幼苗‘神马’生长的影响以及测定盆栽幼苗叶片细胞膜相对透性、抗性物质含量、诱导酶活性及代谢物质含量变化.结果表明: 链格孢菌粗毒素对菊花‘神马’幼苗的株高、茎粗、根长均有抑制作用,毒素浓度与抑制效果呈正相关,且粗毒素原液处理14 d后,菊花幼苗株高、茎粗、根长受到显著抑制,分别比对照减少了28.9%、21.4%和23.3%;链格孢菌粗毒素处理菊花‘神马’幼苗后,根系组织细胞膜透性随着毒素浓度的增加而增加,在同一毒素浓度处理下,菊花幼苗叶片细胞膜透性随着处理时间的增加呈先增大后降低的趋势;毒素原液处理菊花幼苗后,菊花幼苗叶片中抗性物质可溶性蛋白、丙二醛(MDA)以及脯氨酸含量均显著提高.链格孢菌10倍稀释液处理对叶片苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的提高最为显著.链格孢菌粗毒素对切花菊‘神马’幼苗的致病作用主要通过抑制菊花幼苗根、茎的正常生长,增加菊花幼苗叶片细胞膜透性,影响切花菊幼苗叶片中抗性物质代谢以及提高叶片保护酶活性而影响植株正常生理代谢.     

Effects of shading on the photosynthetic capacity,endogenous hormones and root yield in purple-fleshed sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam)

A field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of shading on the photosynthetic capacity, endogenous hormones and root yield in purple-fleshed sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas L. cv. Jishu18 and Ayamuraski (Aya)]. Sweetpotato plants were treated with two shading levels, 40 and 70 % shading, with full radiation used as a control. The results showed that the photosynthetic rate, adenosine triphosphatase activity, Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase activity and soluble sugar content decreased under both shading treatments. Leaf indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid content increased, whereas leaf gibberellic acid content, zeatin riboside (ZR) content, root IAA, and ZR content decreased in the plants under both shading treatments. Shading also altered the production of sweetpotato storage root, including reductions in the root yield and dry matter accumulation, increase in the top/root (T/R) ratio, and the difference between the treatments and control for the T/R value and storage root yield was significant. Therefore, the responses of the photosynthetic parameters and endogenous hormones to shading were closely correlated with the variation in the storage root yield of the different cultivars. In response to shading, the reduction of root ZR contents, the fresh dry weight of the above-ground parts and the root yield for Jishu18 were higher than that for cv. Aya, indicating that cv. Jishu18 might be more sensitive to weak light than cv. Aya.     

Sequestration of adenosine in crude extract from mouse liver and other tissues.

Adenosine (1 microM) was incubated in the presence of dialyzed crude tissue extract from mouse liver and its degradation determined. At high concentration of tissue extract, a fraction of adenosine was not metabolized. This phenomenon, termed sequestration of adenosine, was shown to be affected in the same way by the same factors (pH, salt, reducing agent and adenine) as those affecting the protection of adenosine against deamination in the presence of the purified cyclic AMP-adenosine binding protein/S-adenosylhomocysteinase from mouse liver (Saeb?, J. and Ueland, P.M. (1979) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 587, 333--340). These data point to a role of this protein in the sequestration of adenosine in crude extract. The sequestration potency in crude extract could be determined by diluting the extract in the presence of a constant amount of adenosine deaminase added to the tissue extract. Under these conditions there was linearity of adenosine not available for degradation versus the concentration of tissue extract, and a total recovery of the sequestration potency of purified binding protein added to the crude extract was observed. The tissue level of the cyclic AMP-adenosine binding protein/S-adenosylhomocysteinase in mouse liver was determined by two independent procedures based on the sequestration of adenosine and the hydrolysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine, respectively. The intracellular concentration was calculated to be 10 microM. The sequestration of adenosine in crude extract from mouse, rat, rabbit and bovine tissues was determined and showed requirements similar to those of the sequestration in mouse liver extract. The ability to sequester adenosine was high in liver and decreased in the following order: liver, kidney, adrenal cortex, brain, uterus, cardiac and skeletal muscle.     

Inhibition of adenosine deaminase activity reveals an intense active transport of adenosine into neurons in primary cultures

It is often assumed that adenosine transport into brain cells occurs by facilitated diffusion and that the continued net uptake of adenosine depends on its subsequent metabolism, which keeps the intracellular concentration of unmetabolized adenosine low and thus maintains a concentration gradient. If that is the case, inhibition of adenosine metabolism should decrease uptake. We have previously reported a considerable deamination of accumulated adenosine to inosine in primary cultures of cerebral cortical neurons. A relatively specific adenosine deaminase inhibitor, 2-deoxycoformycin, was used in the present study. In the presence of this drug, the adenosine content (pool size) increased many fold without any decrease in total influx of adenosine. Influx of accumulated adenosine took place against a concentration gradient, demonstrating that a metabolic degradation of accumulated adenosine is not required to drive adenosine uptake. This does not preclude that under normal conditionssome adenosine may get into the cells by diffusion.     

The Effect of Some Inhibitory Sugars upon the Content of Adenosine Triphosphate in Wheat Roots

The content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in roots of -wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was determined with the fire-fly-luciferase method. The content is decreased by D-mannose, which inhibits root growth, respiration and chloride uptake. In intact seedlings the inhibition of root growth is relieved by other sugars and also by the flavanone naringenin and by 2,4-dinitrophenol. This reversal is combined with an increased content of ATP. The inhibition of chloride uptake by mannose in excised roots is reversed by some other sugars (including D-galactose which is in itself inhibitory to root growth), and also in this case the ATP content is increased. Naringenin and dinitrophenol do not relieve the inhibition of chloride uptake caused by mannose. Nor do they increase the content of ATP in this case. The primary effect of mannose seems to be inhibition of glycolysis whereas the effect upon root growth is secondary. Galactose, which also inhibits root growth, does not inhibit respiration or reduce the ATP content and the primary effect of galactose (and also of 2-deoxy-D-glucose and 2-deoxy-D-galactose) seems to be on the synthesis of cell wall substances.