短棒状杆菌外用制剂安全性的评价

研究短棒状杆菌外用剂型,为体外用药开辟新途径。将短棒状杆菌接种在适宜培养基上,连续扩增传代,培养终液稀释成不同浓度。依照新药管理办法,在动物体内进行各种安全性试验。结果显示:经急性毒性试验、长期毒性试验、生殖毒性试验,皮肤光敏试验、局部刺激试验等测定,在动物体内未见到毒性反应。该试验为短棒状杆菌外用制剂的开发提供了安全性依据。     

稀有■鲫亚慢性毒性试验

研究了一种快速评价有毒化学品对稀有鲫慢性毒性的试验方法。选择＜3d龄的稀有峋鲫幼鱼开始暴露,试验药物为国际标准参比毒物CU( 2),Cr( 6),Zn( 2)和PCP;试验温度为25±1℃,每天更换试验液一次,试验持续5d。以现存量为测试指标,Cu( 2),Cr( 6),Zn( 2)和PCP对稀有鲫的无可观察效应浓度[NOEC]为20,2500,100,40ug／L;最低可观察效应浓度[LOEC]为40,5000,200,80ug／L,与7d亚慢性毒性试验结果相接近。试验结果表明,稀有鲫亚慢性毒性试验可从7d缩短为5d。     

石油污灌土壤污染物的残留与生态毒理

土壤样品采自沈阳东部石油污水灌渠的上、中、下游。进行了污染物 (Cd、矿物油 )含量分析和生态毒性试验。重金属采用原子吸收分光光度仪测定 ,矿物油采用紫外分光光度计测定。生态毒性试验分别参照国际标准组织 (ISO)和OECD指南 ,进行了植物毒性试验和蚯蚓毒性试验。植物试验以小麦种子发芽根伸长抑制率为试验终点 ,试验周期 5 0h ,蚯蚓毒性试验以蚯蚓死亡率和体重增长抑制率为试验终点 ,试验周期 2 8d。结果表明 ,所有土壤均有矿物油积累 ,含量为 6 6 2 2～ 1391 14mg·kg-1,重金属Cd略高于土壤背景值 ,含量为 0 0 6～ 0 37mg·kg-1。然而 ,土壤对高等植物表现有不同程度的生长刺激效应 ,对蚯蚓有急性致死及慢性亚致死效应。种子发芽根伸长抑制率为 - 2 8 6 1%～ - 5 4 6 5 % ,蚯蚓 2 8d死亡率最大值为 10 %。蚯蚓 14d和 2 8d体重增长抑制率分别为 - 5 13%～ - 2 8 0 5 %和 - 31 78%～ 8 0 8%。研究表明 ,长期石油污水灌溉土壤中矿物油的低积累和较明显的生态毒性。     

云南辛德毕斯病毒的生物学性状研究

本文对云南首次分离到的Sindbis病毒进行了滤过试验、耐酸耐醚试验、致细胞病变、动物敏感性试验、血凝特性、空斑和毒力等试验研究,结果符合披膜病毒科的病毒特性。交叉血抑试验和免疫荧光试验,以及空斑减少中和试验进一步证实为甲病毒属的Sindbis病毒。其空斑纯化株的生物学特性也与原株相符,纯化株的制备为该株病毒分子生物学研究的准确性和一致性提供了条件。云南Sindbis病毒的首次分离具有重要的流行病学意义,其生物学特性研究结果对我省该病的诊断和防治具有重要的指导意义。     

紫茎泽兰醇提物的毒理学研究

为确保以紫茎泽兰提取物为主要原药的植物源农药的安全性,对紫茎泽兰醇提物进行了小鼠经口急性毒性试验、大白兔急性皮肤和眼刺激试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核计数及小鼠精子畸形试验等急性毒性和遗传毒性试验。结果表明,受试物对两种性别的小鼠经口急性毒性试验,LD50大于5000mg／kg,对大白兔皮肤无刺激性;小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验及小鼠精子畸形试验结果均为阴牲,受试物未见遗传毒性。     

动物杂交试验的正反交循环设计法

为了提高配合力等参数估测的有效性、准确性和经济性。本文从动物自身的和试验的具体特点出发,提出了一种适于(1)客观条件仅允许试验部分组合、(2)试验目的仅为确定杂交育种的种群选配方案、(3)完全双列杂交试验分地分批进行等三种情况的新杂交试验设计法——正反交循环法,并且探讨了由这种设计法所设计的试验,即正反交循环杂交试验的最小二乘分析。     

血清(1,3)-β-D葡聚糖试验与血清半乳甘露聚糖试验对马尔尼菲篮状菌病的诊断价值CSCD

目的探讨血清(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖检测(G试验)、血清半乳甘露聚糖试验(GM试验)及联合检测对艾滋病(AIDS)患者中合并马尔尼菲篮状菌病(TSM)的诊断价值。方法回顾性研究住院艾滋病患者中有明确病原学检查确诊马尔尼菲篮状菌(TM)感染且有完善G试验及GM试验的患者45例,及同期住院AIDS患者中有完善G试验、GM试验及病原学检查,明确排除TM感染的219例患者,比较各组G试验、GM试验结果、检测时间,通过对比G试验、GM试验及联合检测方法(联合检测一:G试验和GM试验检测均为阳性为联合检测阳性,一种阳性或均阴性视为阴性结果;联合检测二:单独G试验或GM试验检测为阳性或二者均阳性,即为联合检测阳性,均阴性视为阴性结果)的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、误诊率、漏诊率,并绘制ROC曲线。结果G试验及GM试验的敏感度及特异度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),G试验敏感度为36.36%,特异度为78.14%,ROC曲线下面积AUC为0.602,95%的置信区间为0.539~0.662。GM试验敏感度为55.56%,特异度为96.80%,ROC曲线下面积AUC为0.819,95%CI为0.767~0.864。联合检测一敏感度27.27%,特异度99.53%,ROC曲线下面积AUC为0.634,95%CI为0.572~0.693。联合检测二敏感度65.91%,特异度76.74%,ROC曲线下面积AUC为0.713,95%CI为0.654~0.768,约登指数为0.4265。结论G试验、GM试验是AIDS合并TSM早期辅助性诊断指标,其中GM试验敏感度、特异度均高于G试验,相比病原学检查,有缩短诊断时间的优点,但不是诊断金标准。在G试验、GM试验及联合检测中,联合检测一可以提高特异度,联合检测二可以提高敏感度。     

应用正交试验探讨抗—HBs含量测定（EIA）的影响因素

本文报道了应用正交试验研究抗－ＨＢｓ 含量测定（ＥＩＡ）的影响因素,并找出了较佳的试验条件。培育时间和显色剂是影响该试验的主要因素。加样品５０ μｌ,酶联试剂５０ μｌ,显色剂Ａ、Ｂ各１００ μｌ,２５℃分别培育３０ ｍ ｉｎ、１５ ｍ ｉｎ。为较优的试验条件。     

稀有Ju鲫亚慢性毒性试验

研究了一种快速评价有毒化学品对稀有Ｊｕ鲫慢性毒性的试验方法。选择〈３ｄ龄的稀有Ｊｕ鲫幼鱼开始暴露,试验药物为国际标准参比毒物Ｃｕ＾＋２,Ｃｒ＾＋,Ｚｎ＾＋２和ＰＣＰ;试验温度 为２５±１℃,每天更新试验液一次,试验持续５ｄ。     

反向间接胶乳凝集试验法检测粪便A型产气荚膜梭菌肠毒素的结果及评价

本文以１０种５２株供试菌分别与７个不同年龄组的健康人粪便混合,共配成３６４份模拟标本,采用反向间接胶乳凝集（ＲＰＬＡ）试验法与生物学试验法（小鼠致死试验、豚鼠皮肤血管透性因子试验,Ｖｅｒｏ细胞毒性试验）检测各标本中的Ａ型产气荚膜梭菌肠毒素（简称Ｃｐ－Ｅｎｔ）。除产气荚膜梭菌之外的其他菌种培养液２３８份标本（３４株）,ＲＰＬＡ与生物学试验结果完全一致,均为阴性。产气荚膜梭菌１２６份标本（１８株）中有７０份标本的ＲＰＬＡ同生物学诸法完全一致地检出了Ｃｐ－Ｅｎｔ．有１株７份标本（ＣｐＮＣＴＣ８７９７）的ＲＰＬＡ为阳性,而各生物学试验却均为阴性,该菌株经ＰＣＲ检查证明确为肠毒素原性产气荚膜梭菌,表明ＲＰＬＡ比生物学试验法更灵敏。有５株（ＣｐＮＣＴｃ８２３８,ＣｐＮＣＴＣ１０６１１,ＣｐＮＣＴＣ１０６１４,ＣｐＮＣＴＣ１０６１２,ＣｐＬ－５２）３５份标本ＲＰＬＡ与各生物学试验结果均为阴性,但经ＰＣＲ检吉证明该５株菌均为肠毒素原性产气荚膜梭菌,后经超声波破碎菌体提取物对其中部分菌株进行试验的结果仍然显示了ＲＰＬＡ与生物学法的一致性。有２株（ＣｐＮＣＴＣ８６８６,ＣｐＮＣＴＣ８４４９）１４份标本的所有结果均为阴性,ＰＣＲ     

An evaluation of the repeatability and reproducibility of a surface test for the activity of disinfectants

A collaborative study was carried out to determine the precision of a disinfectant surface test method which is currently under consideration for development as a harmonized European standard surface test. Results indicate that significant variation in microbicidal effect occurs both within and between test laboratories despite careful standardization of test conditions, but that the variability may be less than that associated with suspension tests. Indications are that much of this variability derives from random variations in the resistance of the test strains from day to day and, most particularly, from test period to test period both within as well as between laboratories. It is concluded that although the test may be sufficiently reliable to be used as a standard method, adequate replication must be specified to distinguish borderline pass from borderline fail concentrations.     

Value of the tritium test for determining the fat content in the body of rats

An indirect method for estimation of the fat percentage in the animal organism, a tritium test, was studied on laboratory male rats aged 4 and 12 months. Results obtained from the tritium test and direct chemical analysis were compared. With age a mean absolute error of the tritium test increased (from 1 to 8%) as against actual values of the water and fat percentage in the organism obtained by a direct chemical analysis. The data obtained testify to the relative insolvency of the tritium test, as well as the necessity to carry additional investigations in order to obtain adequate data.     

Evaluation of the usefulness for the latex agglutination test for serodiagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections

The usefulness of latex agglutination test prepared in our laboratory for the diagnosis of M. pneumoniae infections was assessed. A total of 628 serum samples obtained from patients with respiratory tract infections were tested by complement fixation test and by latex test, from among them 274 serum samples were additionally tested by ELISA--Ig A/--IgG/--IgM and by immunoelectroprecipitation test. The highest sensitivity and specificity was displayed by the latex test in relation to ELISA when determining mycoplasmal antibodies of IgM class (respectively 82.1% and 89.6%) and to the complement fixation test (81.0% and 89.0%). Positive latex test results in our investigations were associated only with the presence of IgM antibodies and were not dependent on the IgA and IgG antibody classes. The latex agglutination test may be used in routine serodiagnosis of mycoplasmosis under condition that the results obtained in this test will be confirmed by the complement fixation test or ELISA.     

Testing the correspondence between map positions of quantitative trait loci

There are several instances in which quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping experiments have been independently carried out for similar traits in different laboratories. We develop a permutation test of the correspondence between the test statistics obtained from genome-wide QTL scans in two such experiments to test whether the same QTLs are segregating in the experimental pair. In simulations, we show that the permutation test has the desired properties if chromosomes are of equal length, but bias can occur if chromosomes are of unequal length, a problem connected with autocorrelation of test statistic values. We apply the test to data from three recent mouse body weight QTL mapping experiments. The results from the test are non-significant, and imply a lack of overall concordance between the QTLs that were segregating in these experiments.     

Possible Application of the IHI Test in the Species Identification of Hair

Immunological species differentiation of keratein from hair has previously been demonstrated by the precipitin ring test in tubes (Pillemer et al. 1939) and by the indirect hemagglutination test (Simonsen 1970). In the present study the possibility of species identification of s-carboxymethylkeratein (SGMK) from single hairs was examined. SCMK and rabbit anti-SCMK sera from man, horse, dog and ox were prepared according to methods described by Gillespie (1962) and Simonsen (1970, 1971). Suitable antisera were used for the indirect hemagglutination-inhibition (IHI) test (Stavitsky 1954). The antisera were absorbed with heterologous SCMK and the inhibition test performed using SCMK extracted from 5 cm stretches of hairs by reduction and alkylation in 1 ml fluid volumes. To each vial containing 0.5 ml of antiserum in a serial 2-fold dilution row of the respective antisera was added 0.05 ml of a homologous or a heterologous single-hair SCMK. After incubation at 37 °C for 30 min. SCMK-coated goat erythrocytes were added and the test read after incubation at 20 °C for 18 hrs.     

The use of the latex agglutination reaction for the diagnosis of a Brucella infection

The authors have developed the optimum conditions for the preparation of antigenic diagnosticum based on latex manufactured in the USSR. To sensitize latex with the diameter of microspheres equal to 0.83 microns, Brucella polysaccharide was used in a dose of 100 micrograms/ml. As stabilizer, polyvinylpyrrolidone at a concentration of 0.1% was used. The specificity and sensitivity of the diagnosticum were studied in analysis of serum samples taken from 102 healthy donors and patients with infectious diseases of nonbrucellar etiology and from 120 patients with different forms of brucellosis. The specificity of the diagnosticum was found to be 94.1% and its sensitivity, 77.5%. Comparative study of the latex agglutination test with other serological tests showed that the former test is highly effective both in acute and chronic forms of the disease. A high degree of correlation between the agglutination test, Coombs' test, the passive hemagglutination test and the latex agglutination test was established (r = 0.83, 0.72 and 0.62, respectively).     

Evaluation of the repeatability and reproducibility of European suspension test methods for antimicrobial activity of disinfectants and antiseptics

A collaborative study to determine the precision of the 1987 Method of test for the antimicrobial activity of disinfectants in food hygiene is described. The repeatability and reproducibility of the test was found to vary according to the nature of the test organism, the type of disinfectant product and the skill of the operator. Results indicate that significant differences in microbicidal effect (ME values) occur within test laboratories between test periods as well as between laboratories, and that much of this variability derives from apparently random variations in the resistance of test strains from day to day and test period to test period. Indications are that although the test is sufficiently reliable to be used as a standard method, adequate test replication must be specified to distinguish borderline pass from borderline fail disinfectant concentrations. The implications of the results in relation to current work on the development of unified European test methods for disinfectants is discussed.     

Evaluation of the repeatability and reproducibility of European suspension test methods for antimicrobial activity of disinfectants and antiseptics.

A collaborative study to determine the precision of the 1987 Method of test for the antimicrobial activity of disinfectants in food hygiene is described. The repeatability and reproducibility of the test was found to vary according to the nature of the test organism, the type of disinfectant product and the skill of the operator. Results indicate that significant differences in microbicidal effect (ME values) occur within test laboratories between test periods as well as between laboratories, and that much of this variability derives from apparently random variations in the resistance of test strains from day to day and test period to test period. Indications are that although the test is sufficiently reliable to be used as a standard method, adequate test replication must be specified to distinguish borderline pass from borderline fail disinfectant concentrations. The implications of the results in relation to current work on the development of unified European test methods for disinfectants is discussed.     

Statistical test for the comparison of samples from mutational spectra

The Monte Carlo estimate of the p value of the hypergeometric test is described and advocated for the testing of the hypothesis that different treatments induce the same mutational spectrum. The hypergeometric test is a generalization of Fisher's "exact" test for tables with more than two rows and two columns. Use of the test is demonstrated by the analysis of data from the characterization of nonsense mutations in the lacI gene of Escherichia coli. Unlike the chi-square test, the hypergeometric test remains valid when applied to sparse cross-classification tables. The hypergeometric test has the most discrimination power of any statistical test that could be employed routinely to compare samples from mutational spectra. Direct application of the hypergeometric test to large cross-classification tables is excessively computation intensive, but estimation of its p value via Monte Carlo techniques is practical.     

The use of the Toxin Binding Inhibition (ToBI) test for the estimation of the potency of the diphtheria component of vaccines

The Toxin Binding Inhibition (ToBI) test, previously developed for the estimation of diphtheria and tetanus antitoxin in human sera, was adapted for the estimation of the potency of diphtheria components in vaccines. Data are presented to show that antitoxin titres of individual sera of mice obtained by the ToBI test are in good agreement with those obtained in the Vero cell test. In addition, diphtheria potency and 95% confidence interval of twelve batches of vaccine in different compositions were estimated by the ToBI test and the results were compared with those obtained in Vero cells. A significant correlation could be demonstrated. It is concluded from this study that the ToBI test is a valuable model in the potency assay of diphtheria toxoids, based on antitoxin induction in mice.