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2017年12月,《微生物学通报》首次与中国微生物学会兽医微生物学专业委员会合作推出“兽医微生物学主题刊”,集中刊登了兽医微生物学研究领域的病原分离鉴定、诊断方法、分子流行病学及兽用生物制品研发等方面的最新进展及成果。主题刊发表后引起了同行及读者的广泛好评。2019年末,突如其来的新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情给人类的生活、工作与学习带来了巨大影响,也让病毒、变异、核酸检测、疫苗等词汇快速进入大众视野。“同一健康”“公共卫生”“生物安全”在社会层面被广泛认知,兽医微生物学对公共卫生和人类健康的重要作用愈加突显。在这种背景下,时隔五年,《微生物学通报》与兽医微生物学专业委员会再次达成共识,联合推出“兽医微生物学主题刊”第二季,旨在系统梳理我国兽医微生物学研究领域的新理论、新技术与新产品,搭建兽医微生物学科研工作者学术思想与科研成果的交流与展示平台,推进学科发展与繁荣,为健康中国、健康世界贡献智慧与力量。 相似文献
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健康风险评估是健康管理的基础工具、前提条件和关键技术.主观健康测量是健康风险评估的重要内容,已逐渐发展成为流行病学、医学统计学、行为医学、全科医学、心理学等多种学科的交叉学科,是健康风险评估研究的热点问题.本文总结了主观健康测量的优缺点,系统回顾了主观健康测量的两类定量化估计方法:计分方法和心理测量学方法,总结了主观健康测量的偏倚及控制方法.随着人类对健康和健康维度的认识已逐步深入,主观健康测量因其诸多优点,并具有较强的理论基础,且定量化估计方法已趋于成熟,目前在国外已被广泛用于健康风险评估和健康测量领域.我国亟需将主观健康测量理念和定量化估计方法引入健康风险评估和健康测量领域. 相似文献
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随着艾滋病的迅速蔓延和结核病的广泛流行,预防与控制艾滋病和结核病已成为公共卫生领域亟待解决的问题。近年来的研究表明,这种双重感染并不是单纯的两种病症的叠加,而是一个相互促进的过程。本文就HIV/TB双重感染的病理机制及相互影响等方面进行了综述。 相似文献
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正糖尿病已成为威胁我国居民健康的主要慢性病,糖尿病并发症包括心脑大血管疾病和肾功能不全等也已成为非肿瘤疾病死亡的重要原因.在我国经济高速发展的背景下,居民生活方式的快速改变、肥胖和超重人群的明显增加和老龄化等多种因素是导致我国糖尿病患病率近20年快速增长的主要因素. 2017年国际糖尿病联盟发布的全球糖尿病数据显示,目前全球共有4.25亿成人(20~79岁)糖尿病患者,而中国成人糖尿病患者数量高达1.14亿,位居世界第一,占全球成人糖尿病患者总数的1/4以上,而且这一数据仍在继续增长.糖尿病的流行带来了沉重的社会及经济负担,严重威胁着我国居民的生活质量.本期专辑汇集了我国目前在糖尿病临床与基础研究领域的来自于16家医院的18位专家及其团队的文章, 相似文献
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代谢综合征是导致心脑血管疾病的危险因素之一,被认为是威胁全球人类健康的公共卫生问题。肠道菌群紊乱与肥胖、2型糖尿病及非酒精性脂肪性肝病等代谢性疾病的相关性已被普遍接受,因此肠道菌群调控有望成为治疗代谢综合征的新靶点。本文对肠道菌群与代谢综合征的关系、肠道菌群影响代谢综合征的可能机制以及与肠道菌群相关的调控策略作一综述。
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西南喀斯特石漠化生态系统土壤有机碳分布特征及其影响因素 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
喀斯特石漠化已成为制约我国西南地区社会经济可持续发展最严重的生态地质环境问题,其恢复重建已成为我国社会经济建设中一项重要内容。土壤有机碳作为土壤质量评价的重要指标,可以综合反映土地生产力、环境健康功能,另一方面土壤有机碳也间接影响了陆地生物碳库,是陆地生态系统碳平衡的主要因子,它的转化和积累变化直接影响全球碳循环动态,已成为生态科学领域研究的热点之一。系统的总结了西南喀斯特石漠化地区不同土地覆被/土地利用、不同等级石漠化环境土壤有机碳的空间和季节分布特征。结合前人研究成果,进一步分析了影响喀斯特石漠化地区土壤有机碳分布的自然(气候、地形与土壤性质、植被等)和人为(土地覆被/土地利用变化、农业管理措施等)各因素,并提出增加喀斯特石漠化地区土壤有机碳含量的对策。研究结果为喀斯特石漠化退化生态系统恢复重建、石漠化地区土壤综合利用、增加碳截存应对全球碳循环减源增汇等提供了重要的科学参考。 相似文献
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At an early stage of its foundation, new China became clear about the nature of public welfare and quickly developed medical and health services, which was well received by the World Health Organization. The marketization and the reduction of input into medical and health services from the 1980s created severe adverse consequences. After the SARS' outbreak in 2003, China started to give serious consideration to its medical and health system, and to work at developing medical and health services. The new healthcare reform launched in 2009 re‐emphasizes fairness and public welfare, and China's achievements have been remarkable. Of course, there are still many problems to be solved in the reform, which also paves the way for increasing the reform in future. 相似文献
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目的 对二级以上医疗机构疾病预防控制等公共卫生工作现况进行评估。方法 对全国10个省163家医院进行二级以上医疗机构公共卫生工作开展基本情况调查和人员基本情况调查的问卷调查;对全国34个省、自治区、直辖市和新疆生产建设兵团进行函调以及对浙江、河南、辽宁和甘肃4个省进行实地调研。结果(1)医疗机构应承担的公共卫生职能与落实情况相差甚远。(2)医疗机构从事公共卫生工作积极性不高。(3)医疗机构在公共卫生工作中接受多个部门管理,但在工作中缺乏协调。结论(1)弥合临床医疗服务体系与公共卫生体系的割裂状态。(2)增强医疗机构从事公共卫生工作积极性。(3)加强督察考核,促进公共卫生工作的落实。 相似文献
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The COVID‐ 19 pandemic is a critical test for the already overburdened and mostly underfunded public healthcare systems of Latin America. In a region that suffers from severe inequalities, public healthcare systems are the only source of medical care for a large sector of the population who work in the informal economy or are unemployed. State‐run hospitals and clinics are already overstressed by continuous demand for treatment of vector‐borne diseases and community‐acquired infections as well as high rates of non‐communicable diseases. Ideological misconceptions and denial among Latin America’s political leaders prevented timely preparations for the pandemic and added to chronic governance problems. As ethical expertise in Latin America focuses on research ethics, few hospitals in the region have functioning clinical ethics committees or clinical ethics policy, forcing healthcare personnel to make excruciating treatment decisions in an environment dominated by material scarcity and public distrust. This essay examines the emergence of COVID‐19 in Latin America and the serious challenge that it poses for Latin America's public healthcare systems. 相似文献
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Healthcare counts as a morally relevant good whose distribution should neither be left to the free market nor be simply imposed by governmental decisions without further justification. This problem is particularly prevalent in the current boom of anti‐ageing medicine. While the public demand for medical interventions which promise a longer, healthier and more active and attractive life has been increasing, public healthcare systems usually do not cover these products and services, thus leaving their allocation to the mechanisms of supply and demand on the free market. This situation raises the question on which basis the underlying preferences for and claims to a longer, healthier life should be evaluated. What makes anti‐ageing medicine eligible for public funding? In this article, we discuss the role of anti‐ageing medicine with regard to the scope and limits of public healthcare. We will first briefly sketch the basic problem of justifying a particular healthcare scheme within the framework of a modern liberal democracy, focusing on the challenge anti‐ageing interventions pose in this regard. In the next section, we will present and discuss three possible solutions to the problem, essentialistic, transcendental, and procedural strategies of defining the scope of public healthcare. We will suggest a procedural solution adopting essentialistic and transcendental elements and discuss its theoretical and practical implications with regard to anti‐ageing medicine. 相似文献
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目的了解医务人员手部卫生状况,制定改进措施,预防医院感染。方法回顾性分析东南大学附属中大医院2007年1月至2010年12月医务人员手卫生监测资料1586份。结果医护手监测合格率为89.28%,医生手监测合格率为86.94%,护士手监测合格率为93.09%;重点病区医护手监测台格率为91.98%,普通病区医护手监测合格率为87.06%;该院医护手监测合格率为90.64%,进修、实习医护手监测合格率为88.17%,手部检出细菌184株,葡萄球菌属占49.46%,阳性杆菌占14.67%。结论医务人员对手的清洁与消毒仍缺乏足够的认识,应加强医务人员手卫生培训与监督,提高医务人员手卫生合格率。 相似文献
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从公益性角度分析并结合我国公立医院公共服务的实践,提出公立医院确保基础医疗服务、提高扶持基层医疗的水平、开展公共卫生和卫生应急服务、控制成本和提供针对弱势群体的医疗服务的公共服务职能,推动公立医院切实履行公益性,为人民群众提供安全、有效、方便、价廉的医疗卫生服务。 相似文献
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This perspectives piece focuses on the detrimental cost of ignoring vaccines and refusing vaccination against COVID-19 in the United States. Much of the existing literature regarding the consequences of the unvaccinated emphasizes the impact to population health; however, few academic articles have explored the burden the unvaccinated pose to various sectors of society. This paper analyzes the impact that the unvaccinated have on healthcare systems, the US economy, and global health. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, unvaccinated populations were found to have put significant strain on healthcare systems, depleting medical resources and contributing to high rates of healthcare worker shortages. Furthermore, research suggests that between November and December 2021, over 692,000 preventable hospitalizations occurred in unvaccinated individuals, costing the US economy over $13.8 billion. Lastly, it is proposed that the strong international presence of the US, when coupled with high levels of disease transmissibility in the unvaccinated, provides a significant threat to global health. In conclusion, the unvaccinated have caused impacts far beyond that of population health; they have also posed a burden to healthcare systems, the economy, and global public health. 相似文献
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In this paper, we examine healthcare organizations’ responses to high profile cases of doctor–parent disagreement. We argue that, once a conflict crosses a certain threshold of public interest, the stakes of the disagreement change in important ways. They are no longer only the stakes of the child’s interests or who has decision-making authority, but also the stakes of public trust in healthcare practitioners and organizations and the wide scale spread of medical misinformation. These higher stakes call for robust organization-level responses. There are responsible and thoughtful ways for healthcare organizations to directly engage with these cases. Hospitals should seek an alliance with the parents around the goal of public discussion and utilize web-based platforms to provide the public with information about medical conditions, experimental treatments, and how clinical ethics deliberation in hospitals works. We outline five important lessons for healthcare organizations to keep in mind when responding to such cases. Approached with care, these cases could become “teachable moments” for both healthcare organizations and society. 相似文献