真空微波诱变结合化学诱变选育酸性纤维素酶高产菌株

以酸性纤维素酶产生菌绿色木霉（Trichoderma viride）WL0512作为原始出发菌株,首先经自然分离筛选出一株产酶较稳定的菌株TVN-18,其羧甲基纤维素酶活（CMC酶活）达2765．8U／g,滤纸酶活（FPA酶活）达48．5U／g。再经真空微波和甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）逐级诱变处理,获得了一株高产、稳产酸性纤维素酶的E6—1菌株,其CMC酶活达4396．6U／g,FPA酶活达126．0U／g,分别是菌株TVN-18的1．59倍和2．60倍。通过对固态发酵培养基麸皮和稻草比例、料水比以及初始pH值的优化,突变株的产酶能力进一步得到提高,其产的CIVIC酶活和FPA酶活分别提高了22．3％和22．4％。     

产木聚糖酶芽胞菌Y-12的筛选及产酶条件的研究

利用透明圈平板培养和木聚糖发酵试验,筛选出1株高产木聚糖酶的芽胞杆菌,并对该菌株的酶学特性和适宜发酵条件进行研究。结果表明,此菌对秸秆和麦麸的分解率分别为43.3%和63.4%。产酶较高的最适培养条件,即大豆蛋白胨2%、胰蛋白胨3%、酵母粉0.1%和葡萄糖2%。适宜反应温度和pH分别为37℃和7。采用10 L发酵罐发酵,培养48 h后,酶活达3024 U/m l,比三角瓶发酵(酶活达2185 U/m l)提高了38%。     

米曲霉木聚糖酶生产菌的理性选育及发酵优化

目的：米曲霉木聚糖酶生产菌的理性选育及发酵优化。方法：以米曲霉FS018为出发菌株,采用紫外和激光诱变先后处理3代,以抗高浓度葡萄糖阻遏效应为筛选模型获得一株高产木聚糖酶菌株FST036,并对该菌株的发酵培养基进行了初步优化。结果：突变株FST036产酶水平可达4200．57U／mL,产酶水平比出发菌株提高了24％。对该菌株的发酵培养基初步优化结果表明：培养基的最适氮源为牛肉膏;最适碳源为麸皮与玉米芯组合,总浓度为4％。二者最适比例为7：3;对该菌株的发酵条件初步优化结果表明：最适接种量1％,初始pH6．78,250mL三角瓶装液量为45mL,培养72h酶活可达5404．24U／mL。结论：反复多次诱变处理,并结合抗高浓度葡萄糖阻遏效应作为一种理性筛选模型,为通过诱变育种来获得曲霉木聚糖酶高产菌株提供了一条有效的途径。     

木聚糖酶生产菌株的筛选及产酶条件的优化

以甘蔗渣半纤维素为碳源,从垃圾场土壤中分离到6株分解半纤维素的菌株。通过固态发酵的木聚糖酶活力比较筛选到1株木聚糖酶活力较高的菌株。该菌株18S rDNA序列与曲霉（Aspergillus sp.）的同源性达97%,根据对菌株形态学分析和18S rDNA序列分析的结果,将该菌株鉴定为曲霉HQ3。HQ3的最佳产酶条件为：甘蔗渣:麸皮为7:3（W/W）,固液比为1:4（W/W）,尿素0.4 %,pH7.0,温度30℃,发酵产酶时间4 d。在最佳产酶条件下,其木聚糖酶活最高可达3421U/g干曲。     

木聚糖酶产生菌的筛选与酶学生化特性

从自然界中筛选出可分泌高产木聚糖酶的黑曲霉,并对其产酶条件和酶学特性进行优化和分析.结果表明:该菌株培养48 h后,所产的木聚糖酶比酶活最高,达到1645.66 U/g;通过培养基的优化,其比酶活达到了2 698.28 U/g.最优培养基组成(质量分数):麸皮75.0％、玉米12.5％、豆粕12.5％.该酶的最适温度为37℃,最适pH为4.5.     

白腐真菌AH28-2菌株发酵合成漆酶初步研究

从224个野外采集的真菌样品中筛选分离到一株产漆酶活性较高菌株AH28－2,经初步鉴定为白腐真菌,采用单因子相互比较法,研究了该菌株最适发酵产酶条件。应用添加有1g／LKraft木素的液体发酵培养基,接种量5％（V／V）,初始pH8．5,装液量为50％,28℃、150r/min摇瓶振荡培养4－5d,漆酶酶活水平达20184IU／L。     

葡聚糖酶高产菌株的诱变筛选及其摇瓶发酵条件的初步研究

从土壤中分离出的一株产葡聚糖酶酶活31 U／ml的野生菌株,经UV、^60Co、LiCl诱变筛选后得到了产葡聚糖酶高产菌株SB126,经发酵条件优化试验后检测其酶活达到85U／ml,较野生菌株提高了近两倍。葡聚糖酶摇瓶较适发酵条件为：装量30ml(250m1)、转速180r／min、pH7．0、温度30℃、接种量8％、发酵周期5d。     

一株产纤维素酶真菌的筛选、鉴定及酶学性质初步研究

经过初筛和复筛从土样中分离出1株高产纤维素酶真菌SNB9,经形态学和ITS序列分析。鉴定为黑曲霉（Aspergu Uusniger）。生长条件的测定显示该菌生长范围偏酸。发酵后纤维素酶的最适作用pH在4．0—5．0,最适作用温度在45—55℃。滤纸酶活为9．29U／mL,C,酶活为23．69U／mL,CMCase酶活为38．23U／mL,β-葡萄糖苷酶活为65．52U／mL。发酵液中除了纤维素酶,还发现有辅助酶,包括木聚糖酶、淀粉酶、果胶酶、蛋白酶。     

产木聚糖酶菌株的选育及其液体发酵条件

从土壤中筛出一株生长快产木聚糖酶活力较高的黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)C—2菌株,经紫外线和甲基磺酸乙酯诱变,获得一突变株An—76,其生长减缓,孢子形成能力减弱,产生的术聚糖酶和β—木糖苷酶活力分别可达353．61U／ml和4．51U／ml。测定了An—76的正常产酶曲线,研究了麸皮、氮源、碳源及半纤维素浓度对产酶的影响。最适培养条件为：起始pH6.0、28℃、96h。酶的最适作用条件为50—55℃,pH4．8,在pHl．2—11．4范围内稳定。酶的热稳定性较差,55℃保温1小时,剩余活力为40％。只有在含木糖苷类物质存在时,An—76才大量合成木聚糖酶。     

产适冷木聚糖酶的海洋产青霉的筛选和诱变

从黄海深层海底泥样中分离到1株产低温木聚糖酶的青霉,经EMS诱变得到11株酶活性提高的菌株,对其中1株产低温木聚糖酶活力最高的菌株产酶性质进行了初步研究。所产木聚糖酶在pH4．6,45℃时酶活可达25．8u／ml,比出发菌株提高126％。诱变后菌株所产木聚糖酶在0℃仍有显著酶活性,达8．2u／ml。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.