醮核荔枝胚胎发育相关蛋白质的分离及初步鉴定

通过二维聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳以及计算机辅助的图像分析技术,对荔枝开花后40d的正常与败育胚蛋白质图谱进行初步分析。结果表明,100个蛋白质点在表达丰度上有明显差异;选择仅在正常发育胚胎胶上表达的蛋白点15个和仅在败育胚胎胶上表达的蛋白点50个,进行基质辅助激光解吸附电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI—TOFMASS）分析,鉴定出9个与胚发育相关的蛋白,这些蛋白可能参与了胚败育的调节和控制。     

单显性细胞核雄性不育油菜花雷表达蛋白比较研究

以受1对显性基因控制的单显性细胞核雄性不育油菜为材料,运用蛋白双向电泳技术对初花期不育花蕾和可育花蕾中蛋白质表达差异进行分析.结果表明,可育花蕾中表达的蛋白质总点数高于不育系.不育花蕾和可育花蕾中共有的蛋白点为223个,不育花蕾特有的蛋白质点数为103个,而可育花蕾中特有的蛋白质点数为160个.可育花蕾中表达的特有蛋白质分子量主要分布在60kD以下的小分子量区域,30kD尤为丰富;不育花蕾中表达的特有蛋白按分子量分布相对均匀.两者表达特有蛋白都相对集中在pI6.0～7.5区域,多为中性蛋白.     

单显性细胞核雄性不育油菜花蕾表达蛋白比较研究

以受1对显性基因控制的单显性细胞核雄性不育油菜为材料,运用蛋白双向电泳技术对初花期不育花蕾和可育花蕾中蛋白质表达差异进行分析.结果表明,可育花蕾中表达的蛋白质总点数高于不育系.不育花蕾和可育花蕾中共有的蛋白点为223个,不育花蕾特有的蛋白质点数为103个,而可育花蕾中特有的蛋白质点数为160个.可育花蕾中表达的特有蛋白质分子量主要分布在60kD以下的小分子量区域,30kD尤为丰富;不育花蕾中表达的特有蛋白按分子量分布相对均匀.两者表达特有蛋白都相对集中在pI6.0～7.5区域,多为中性蛋白.     

NaCl胁迫对小麦种子胚在萌发时期蛋白含量的影响

为比较不同浓度盐胁迫下小麦种子萌发前期胚蛋白表达情况,以"晋麦-47"为试验材料。选取经0、0.1和0.2mol/L处理过的种子,采用2-DE技术对3个浓度下胚蛋白含量变化进行研究。通过PDQuest图像分析软件分析盐胁迫下蛋白含量的变化,检测到正常的种子胚有121个点,0.1 mol/L NaCl胁迫下有32个蛋白点丰度下调,21个蛋白点丰度上调;在0.2 mol/LNaCl胁迫下,检测到46个蛋白质点丰度下调,16个蛋白点的丰度上调。研究结果表明,盐胁迫对小麦种子萌发时期胚中部分蛋白含量和表达产生不同程度的抑制与激活。     

小麦遗传型与生理型雄性不育花药蛋白质双向电泳分析

为了研究小麦雄性不育蛋白表达机制, 以具有异质同核的3个亲本: 即遗传型不育系ms(S)-西农1376、对应的保持系(A)-西农1376和生理型(化学杀雄剂SQ-1诱导)雄性不育系ms(A)-西农1376为材料, 利用IEF/SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳技术, 对发育到单核后期的花药全蛋白特异性进行了比较分析, 得到320~350个清晰的蛋白点。结果表明: 遗传型和SQ-1诱导的生理型不育系蛋白质图谱与正常保持系在蛋白质(多肽)表达量上存在一定的差异, 同时发现有几种蛋白质的表达有明显的特异性, 两个不育材料2D胶上共有几个明显的特异蛋白点, 而在保持系中未发现; 两个不育材料又分别具有自己的特异蛋白表达, 不育机理不同; 比较分析可知, 不育系中某些蛋白的表达受到了抑制, 并开启了与花药败育有关的特定蛋白的表达, 可能使物质能量代谢受阻,导致雄性不育的发生。     

苜蓿雄性不育植株与可育植株现蕾初期花蕾蛋白质组比较

采用双向凝胶电泳对现蕾初期苜蓿雄性不育植株(Ms-4)及其可育植株(MF)花蕾蛋白质进行了分离,获得了分辨率和重复性较好的双向电泳图谱。通过ImageMaster 2D软件对Ms-4和MF银染图谱分析发现,两者在等电点5~7、分子量20~60 kD范围内蛋白质斑点分布最多,可识别的总蛋白质点数均在6 000个左右,其中差异表达的蛋白质点数为98个;进一步通过质谱分析成功鉴定了22个差异蛋白点。利用Blast2GO程序对 22个蛋白点进行功能注释和代谢途径分析发现,核酮糖羧化酶小亚基、尿苷三磷酸-葡萄糖-1-磷酸尿苷酰基转移酶等蛋白在光合作用、碳水化合物代谢、多细胞生物有机体的发育等过程中起着重要的作用,同时参与了细胞质、细胞壁等组成,并具有绑定、催化、结合和水解等功能。研究结果初步推断,在苜蓿花药发育过程中,蛋白的缺失及表达量的变化可能会使与花粉发育有关的能量缺失,物质合成发生改变,导致雄性不育。     

亚健康便秘人群结肠黏膜蛋白质组的筛选鉴定与临床应用

筛选亚健康便秘人群结肠黏膜变化的分子标志物,为亚健康便秘人群的结肠黏膜改变机制提供理论依据.采用双向凝胶电泳(two-dimensional electrophoresis,2-DE)对亚健康便秘人群及健康志愿者结肠黏膜组织进行蛋白质分离,ImageMaster2D Elite分析软件进行图像分析,基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flightmass spectrometry,MALDI-TOF-MS)得到相应的肽质量指纹图(peptide mass fingerprint,PMF),搜索数据库鉴定差异蛋白.建立了亚健康便秘人群及健康志愿者结肠黏膜组织2-DE图谱,分析出其凝胶的平均蛋白质点数(501.00±37.16,536.00±41.63),两者平均差异蛋白质点数为46.00±7.82,取20个表达量明显改变的蛋白质点进行质谱分析,鉴定出17个蛋白质.其中7个蛋白质点表达下调,10个蛋白质点表达上调.差异蛋白质点包括蛋白质合成与分解、分子伴侣、氧化还原调节及信号传导等相关蛋白质.随即应用免疫印迹(Western blot)技术分析差异蛋白β-actin、YWHAZ及PBP-Ⅰ(phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteinⅠ)在两类组织中的表达水平及临床意义.结果表明,亚健康便秘人群和健康志愿者的结肠黏膜组织蛋白表达存在差异,β-actin、YWHAZ表达下调及PBP-Ⅰ上调参与了亚健康便秘的发生,对此状态进行合理干预,可使身体向健康转化.     

温敏核不育水稻花药蛋白质组初步分析

采用固相pH梯度 SDS聚丙烯酰胺双向凝胶电泳对温敏核不育水稻 96 4 2S可育与不育条件下减数分裂期花药总蛋白进行了分离 ,通过银染显色 ,获得了分辨率和重复性较好的双向电泳图谱 .PDQuest 2DE图像分析软件可识别约 10 0 0个蛋白质点 .蛋白质点在 2D胶上的重复性为 :沿等电聚焦方向偏差为 1 4 5± 0 2 3mm(n =8) ,沿SDS PAGE方向偏差为 :1 15± 0 17mm(n =8) .对两种育性不同样品的 2D胶上部分共有的蛋白质点 ,采用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱 (matrixassistedlaserdesorption ionizationtimeofflightmassspctrometry ,MALDI TOF MS)进行了肽质谱指纹图分析 .通过采用PeptIdent软件对SWISS PROT数据库的查询 ,有 5 0个蛋白质点在数据库得到归属鉴定 .对育性不同的2种样品 2D较上明显差异的蛋白质点进行了分析鉴定 .在不育变化为可育的过程中 ,明显表达上调的蛋白质点包括几丁质酶 ,酸性磷酸酶 ,胞浆激酶 ,谷蛋白前体 ,以及ESTSC72 61蛋白 ,明显下调的蛋白质包括β expansin前体 ,谷氨酸氨甲酰转移酶和 1种未知功能的蛋白质     

氯沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠肾脏蛋白质表达谱的影响

目的:研究氯沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠肾脏组织蛋白质表达的影响。方法:采用蛋白质组学的技术,建立自发性高血压和氯沙坦干预后高血压大鼠肾脏的蛋白质二维凝胶电泳图谱,利用Imagemaster2Dv5.0软件分析蛋白点,并通过LC-MS/MS质谱分析和数据库检索鉴定差异蛋白质。结果:两组凝胶的平均蛋白点数分别为570±48、686±30。氯沙坦干预后有13个蛋白表达发生了显著变化,表达增强4个,表达降低4个,蛋白点消失5个。13个差异蛋白点进行质谱分析,鉴定出的7个蛋白质为Heat shock protein(Hsp)、Tubulin alpha-1chain、Transthyretin precursor、Liver regeneration-related protein LRRG03、Ezrin-radixin-moesin binding phosphoprotein50、Phosphoglycerate kinase1、Anionic trypsin I precursor。结论:这些差异表达的蛋白质可能在氯沙坦对高血压肾脏保护中发挥一定作用。     

人肝癌细胞系的糖蛋白质组学研究

糖基化是最重要的蛋白质翻译后形式之一,糖基化蛋白的糖链部分影响着蛋白质的折叠和稳定性以及其生物学功能.许多恶性肿瘤组织与正常组织相比已显示出蛋白质糖基化的差异.采用蛋白质组学分析方法结合先进的糖蛋白荧光染色技术,研究了正常人肝细胞系(ChangLiver)和人肝癌细胞系(Hep3B)糖蛋白糖基化的差异.首先用细胞裂解法提取细胞总蛋白质,进行双向电泳(2-DE),然后用pro-QEmerald488糖蛋白荧光染料进行糖蛋白染色,得到两种细胞系糖基化蛋白表达谱,经2-DE分析软件Dymension分析2-DE图像,比较糖蛋白的糖基化程度,并对糖基化蛋白进行质谱鉴定.结果显示正常人肝细胞表达(74±2)个(n=3),而人肝癌细胞系表达(78±3)个糖蛋白(n=3).两者匹配的糖蛋白质点31个,Hep3B表达而ChangLiver不表达的糖蛋白质点47个,ChangLiver表达而Hep3B不表达的糖蛋白质点43个.两种细胞系糖基化程度存在明显差异,与正常人肝细胞相比,肝癌细胞发生糖基化改变的糖蛋白有25个,其中糖基化水平上调的有10个,下调的有15个,质谱鉴定出12个发生糖基化改变的糖蛋白.这些结果显示蛋白质糖基化改变可能在肝癌的发生和发展中起一定作用.     

荔枝胚败育过程中内源激素与蛋白质含量的变化

连续3年(1999-2001年)对典型的荔枝焦核品种桂味、糯米糍和大核品种黑叶、怀枝花后10-40d的幼胚和胚乳内源激素、多酚含量及蛋白质动态变化进行研究。结果表明,焦核品种幼胚及胚乳中的IAA、GAs和ABA含量低于大核品种;多酚类物质含量在胚中低于大核品种,胚乳中则高于大核品种;胚和胚乳中的蛋白质含量均低于大核品种。蛋白质电泳结果显示,22．5、28．5和45kD这3类蛋白质在怀枝和黑叶的胚蛋白质代谢过程中表现出较高的稳定性,桂味和糯米糍胚蛋白质中的28．5kD蛋白质也有相似的特性。     

Intergeneric Hybridisation between Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) and Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.)

The breeding barriers between commercial litchi (Litchi chinensisSonn.) and longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) cultivars were investigatedby conducting reciprocal pollinations. This work has shown thatit is possible to generate intergeneric hybrids using litchias the female parent. Investigation of comparative in vivo pollentube growth demonstrated that there is discrimination againstcross- compared to self-pollen at all sites in the pistil. Pollentubes were frequently observed in the ovary after cross-pollinationin litchi but rarely in longan. Fruit production was reducedafter crossing in both longan and litchi. Isozyme analysis usingphosphoglucose isomerase revealed that hybrid progeny only developedwhen litchi was the maternal parent. Morphologically the hybridplants were similar to the maternal parent but leaves were smaller.Three types of seeds developed in litchi following pollinationwith longan pollen. These were (1) normal seeds with a developedtesta and embryo, (2) seeds with aborted embryos but normaltesta development, and (3) seedless fruit where the ovule remainedthe same size as at anthesis without further development ofembryo or testa. The potential germplasm available to improvethese crops within the Sapindaceae is discussed.Copyright 1994,1999 Academic Press Litchi, Litchi Longan, Dimocarpus, hybridisation, isozyme     

Comparative proteome analysis of the embryo proper and yolk sac membrane of day 11.5 cultured rat embryos

BACKGROUND: Proteomic analysis of cultured postimplantation rat embryos is expected to be useful for investigation into embryonic development. Here we analyzed protein expression in cultured postimplantation rat embryos by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass-spectrometric protein identification. METHODS: Rat embryos were cultured from day 9.5 for 48 h or from day 10.5 for 24 h. Proteins of the embryo proper and yolk sac membrane were isolated by 2-DE and differentially analyzed with a 2-D analysis software. Selected protein spots in the 2-DE gels were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight tandem mass spectrometric analysis and protein database search. RESULTS: About 800 and 1,000 protein spots were matched through the replicate 2-DE gels each from one embryo in the embryo proper and yolk sac membrane, respectively, and virtually the same protein spots were observed irrespective to the length of culture period. From protein spots specific to the embryo proper (126 spots) and yolk sac membrane (304 spots), proteins involved in tissue-characteristic functions, such as morphogenesis and nutritional transfer, were identified: calponin, cellular retinoic acid binding protein, cofilin, myosin, and stathmin in the embryo proper, and Ash-m, dimerization cofactor of hepatocyte nuclear factor, ERM-binding phosphoprotein, cathepsin, and legumain in the yolk sac membrane. CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis of cultured postimplantation rat embryos will be a new approach in developmental biology and toxicology at the protein level.     

家蚕催青后期胚胎蛋白质双向电泳图谱分析

采用蛋白质双向电泳技术分析了家蚕Bombyx mori催青后期胚胎蛋白质图谱的变化。研究发现: 在头胸分化期（戊₃）、反转期（己₁）、毛瘤发生期（己₂）、点青期（己₃）、转青期（己₄）和孵化期（己₅）胚胎蛋白质的双向电泳图谱中共检测到209个特异蛋白斑点,其中己₃和己₄两个胚胎出现的特异蛋白斑点数在整个催青期胚胎中为最多,分别达55和77个。与催青前期胚胎出现的特异蛋白斑点变化规律相似,这些特异蛋白斑点大多也是在随后邻近的胚胎发育中消失。推测这些特异蛋白可能与相应胚胎的形体特征发育有关。     

家蚕催青前期胚胎蛋白质双向电泳图谱分析

为了探讨家蚕Bombyx mori胚胎蛋白质整体变化,以多化性品种P50为材料,采用蛋白质双向电泳技术及图像分析技术分析了催青前期胚胎（戊₃以前）各个时期蛋白质图谱及其变化情况。研究发现:从临界Ⅱ期（丙_２）胚胎到缩短期(戊₂)胚胎蛋白质双向电泳图谱基本稳定,存在于临界Ⅱ期胚胎的蛋白斑点在催青前期的4个胚胎中消失的个数较少,仅占22.80％,而在催青的最后2个胚胎中消失的蛋白质斑点却占48.18％;在神经沟出现（丁₁）、腹肢突起（丁₂）、上唇突起（戊₁）和缩短期（戊₂）胚胎的双向电泳图谱中能够检测到100个特异蛋白质斑点,这些特异蛋白质斑点大多在随后邻近的胚胎发育中消失,暗示了这些特异蛋白可能与相应胚胎的形体特征发育有关。     

Proteins of Developing Rice Embryos As Characterized by Twodimensional Gel Electrophoresis

Developmental changes of rice (Oryza sativa, subsp, japonica) in embryonic proteins during embryogenesis were investigated by modified two-dimensionalpolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results indicated that there were apparently differences in the embryonic proteins between the embryos at 7th and 13th day after anthesis. Some proteins only appeared in the embryos al 7th day, disappearing at 13th day. Then some new proteinsappeared at 21th day embryos, which were different from that disappeared during differentiation. In concomitant with the completion of embryo differentiation, the number of acidic proteins decreased, while the basic ones showed an increasing trend. Itwas also found that in the 7th day embryos, there were a higher relative percent ofembryonic protein spots in the region of higher molecular weight, while in the 13thday there were higher relative percent of ones in the region of lower molecular weight.The electrophoretic pattern of rice germ lectin (RGL) showed that the synthesis ofRGL was associated with embryo differentiation. According to these results, we propose that some of embryonic proteins which areonly found at early stage of embryogenesis may be important factors for the regulationof embryo differentiation. Although the function of these proteins is still an openquestion, these specific proteins, at least, represent an excellent mark for plant embryodifferentiation.     

Microelectrophoretic analysis of changes in protein expression patterns in mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos.

One- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide microslab gel electrophoresis followed by silver staining was devised to visualize picogram to nanogram levels of proteins and was applied to the analysis of 1-20 mouse oocytes and embryos (approximately 16.5-330 ng of protein) during preimplantation development. Compared with values in embryos, more bands in the higher molecular weight range were found only for unfertilized oocytes in one-dimensional microelectrophoresis. A marked decrease in the number of protein spots occurred after fertilization in two-dimensional microelectrophoresis. Both findings indicate a decrease in maternal proteins caused by fertilization. Silver-staining densities were almost invariable for 8 major spots, but increased, decreased, or varied for 32 minor spots in developing embryos from the 1-cell to the morula stage, signifying spot-specific changes in the expression of zygotic proteins during development. The protein patterns in cumulus cells and blastocysts were different from those in oocytes and embryos. Even in a single 1-cell embryo, major spots and some minor spots were detectable by our two-dimensional microelectrophoretic technique, but many more minor spots were visualized in five 1-cell embryos, exemplifying the limit of our microelectrophoretic technique. As a preliminary result, a two-dimensional immunoblot pattern is shown for glucose transporter 1 expressed in morulae.     

Chromosome analysis of blastomeres from human embryos by using comparative genomic hybridization

Karyotypic studies of aborted fetuses have been used to draw the inference that the proportion of conceptuses with chromosome abnormalities is very high. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) studies of blastomeres from early cleavage embryos have provided some support for this inference but they are limited to the study of a few chromosomes. We describe the novel application of comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to the study of numerical and structural abnormalities of single blastomeres from disaggregated 3-day-old human embryos. CGH results were obtained for 63 blastomeres from 12 embryos. Identification of all chromosomes with the exception of chromosomes 17, 19, 20 and 22 was possible. The embryos divided into four groups: (1) embryos with a normal CGH karyotype seen in all blastomeres; (2) embryos with consistent aneuploidy suggesting meiotic non-disjunction had occurred; (3) embryos that were mosaic generally with one or more cells showing aneuploidy for one or two chromosomes but some with cells showing extensive aneuploidy; and (4) one embryo with extensive aneuploidy in all blastomeres. The extensive aneuploidy in group 4 is interpreted as corresponding to the random aneuploidy seen in "chaotic" embryos reported by using interphase FISH. Partial chromosome loss and gain following chromosome breakage was observed in one embryo. Our analysis provides basic biological information on the occurrence of constitutional and post-zygotic chromosome abnormalities in early human embryos. Used in conjunction with embryo biopsy, diagnostic CGH should allow the exclusion of a proportion of embryos that appear normal but that have a poor probability of survival and, therefore, may improve the implantation rate after in vitro fertilization.     

Comparative proteomic analysis of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) seed abortion

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), coupled with mass spectroscopy, was used to study seed abortion in Dimocarpus longan Lour. (cv. Minjiao 64-1) by comparing normal and aborted seeds at three developmental stages. More than 1,000 protein spots were reproducibly detected in 2-DE gels, with 43 protein spots being significantly altered in their intensity between normal and aborted seeds at least at one stage. Thirty-five proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS/MS) analysis and protein database searching. Most of the identified proteins were associated with a variety of functions, including energy and metabolism (30%), programed cell death (9%), antioxidative processes (14%), chaperonin (23%), cell division, amino acid metabolism, secondary metabolism, and other functional classes. Furthermore, the expression patterns of HSP70 and cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (cAPX) were validated by immunoblotting analysis. This study provides a novel, global insight into proteomic differences between normal and aborted seeds in longan. We anticipate that identification of the differentially expressed proteins may lead to a better understanding of the molecular basis for seed abortion in longan.