小鼠孤雄单倍体胚胎干细胞系建立

单倍体细胞,如酵母,是遗传学研究的重要工具。自然状态下存在的单倍体细胞只有结构和功能均已特化的配子,包括卵子和精子。然而卵子和精子不能在体外进行培养,因此也不能对其进行基因操作。如果能够在体外建立哺乳动物的单倍体细胞系,那将极大地促进哺乳动物遗传学及相关生命科学的研究。     

哺乳动物正呼肠孤病毒反向遗传学研究进展

呼肠孤病毒科是分布最广的病毒类群之一,其中哺乳动物正呼肠孤病毒(Mammalian Orthoreovirus,MRV)属于正呼肠孤病毒属,主要感染哺乳动物的呼吸道和肠道。近年来,MRV的反向遗传学操作技术取得了长足进步,运用该技术,在MRV基因组组装、基因功能及致病机制等方面都获得了较大突破。综述了MRV反向遗传学操作技术的建立过程及运用该技术取得的最新成果,并展望了该技术在呼肠孤病毒科其他病毒中的应用。     

昆虫细胞系的培养和建立技术

迄今已经报道的昆虫细胞系有800株以上。昆虫细胞系在昆虫病理学、寄生虫学、内分泌学、遗传学和分子生物学等基础和应用研究中得到越来越广泛的应用。本文结合我们研究的结果和实践经验,概括了国内外昆虫细胞系建立技术的研究进展,包括昆虫细胞培养的发展、昆虫细胞系建立技术、不同昆虫组织来源细胞系的建立方法和过程,以及对昆虫细胞系特征的鉴定等方面。     

体细胞遗传学及其应用

以高等动物的体细胞为实验材料,采用细胞离体培养、细胞融合和遗传物质在细胞间转移等方法,研究真核细胞的基因结构、功能及其表达规律等的遗传学分支学科叫体细胞遗传学(Somatic cell genetics)。它具本世纪初出现的新兴学科之一,其研究成果已在植物育种中得到应用,且为人类遗传性疾病的基因治疗提供丁理论基础。产生与发展高等生物的遗传学研究一般是通过分析性状在有性生殖子代中的分布和出现频率来进     

2012杭州“全球华人遗传学大会”将在浙江大学召开

为进一步加强遗传学界的学术交流与合作,促进遗传学发展,经教育部批准,"全球华人遗传学大会(GCCG)"将于2012年7月6日至9日在杭州(浙江大学紫金港校区)举行。会议涉及遗传学多个相关领域,包括人类与医学遗传学、动物遗传学、植物遗传学、微生物遗传学、表观遗传学、发育遗传学、线粒体遗传学、遗传学相关生物产业等。本次大     

美国遗传学教材的比较分析

遗传学是一门飞速发展的生物科学,它是农业、医学和生物科学的重要理论基础。有人把它称为生物科学的核心科学(Core Science),这是有道理的。因为它的分支学科已遍及生物科学各领域,如人类遗传学、动物遗传学、植物遗传学、微生物遗传学等等,也包括诸如免疫遗传学、体细胞遗传学、分子遗传学、遗传工程等新兴学科。如果以具体的研究对象分类,还有玉米遗传学、果蝇遗传学、大肠杆菌遗传学等等,则遗传学的分支学科可达百种之多。仅此一端已足以看出遗传学的重要意义。     

20世纪遗传学的发展轨迹及其启示

20世纪是遗传学诞生并飞速发展的世纪。在这 10 0年里 ,遗传学所取得的每一巨大成就 ,如 DNA双螺旋结构的发现、DNA重组技术的创立、人类基因组计划的实施以及动物克隆技术的应用等 ,对人类社会的发展都产生了深刻的影响。在当今的生命科学领域 ,遗传学占有举足轻重的地位 ,已成为影响整个自然科学乃至人类社会的带头学科。可以说 ,遗传学是自然科学所有门类中发展最快、影响最深、应用价值最大的学科之一。众所周知 ,遗传学 (genetics)是研究生物体遗传与变异规律及其物质基础的科学。经过百年的发展 ,现代遗传学的研究十分广泛 ,已成为…     

TILLING技术及其应用

定向诱导基因组局部突变(targetinginducedlocallesionsingenomes,TILLING)可快速、有效地鉴定和定向筛选突变,是一种全新的反向遗传学技术。现对TILLING的技术流程、核心与特点,及其在突变研究、反向遗传学及功能基因组学、SNP检测、资源创新与分析以及作物遗传改良等方面的应用进行了综述。     

荧光原位杂交技术及其应用

荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)始于70年代后期,曾多用于染色体异常的研究,近年来随着FISH所应用的探针种类的不断增多,特别是全Cosmid探针及染色体原位抑制杂交技术的出现,使FISH技术不仅在细胞遗传学方面,而且还广泛应用于肿瘤学研究,如基因诊断、基因定位等。本文对FISH探针标记、信号处理等有关技术特点以及在细胞遗传学研究、基因图谱绘制、基因扩增检测等方面的应用做了具体的 综述。     

猫杯状病毒反向遗传学操作系统的建立及其应用的研究进展

猫杯状病毒(Feline calicivirus,FCV)是引起猫呼吸道疾病的一种常见病原,自1995年以来,国内外相继建立了FCV反向遗传学操作系统并且FCV反向遗传学在病毒基因组结构与功能、表达外源蛋白、与宿主相互作用、致病机理等研究方面的应用已经取得了一些进展,本文通过收集FCV反向遗传学相关的研究文献,对FCV反向遗传学操作系统的建立及其应用研究进展进行综述,以期为相关领域的研究提供有益的参考与借鉴。     

Uniform straw-like cell architecture for three-dimensional cell–cell communication assay

ABSTRACT

We fabricated uniform straw-like cell architecture with central lumen using a suture thread within 1 h. The architecture consisting of cancer cells and mature adipocyte was used for cell–cell communication assay, although mature adipocyte could not form spontaneous multi-cellular spheroids. Using the system, it is possible to investigate three-dimensional cell–cell communication as an alternative to animal experiments.     

Programmed cell death in cell cultures

In plants most instances of programmed cell death (PCD) occur in a number of related, or neighbouring, cells in specific tissues. However, recent research with plant cell cultures has demonstrated that PCD can be induced in single cells. The uniformity, accessibility and reduced complexity of cell cultures make them ideal research tools to investigate the regulation of PCD in plants. PCD has now been induced in cell cultures from a wide range of species including many of the so-called model species. We will discuss the establishment of cell cultures, the fractionation of single cells and isolation of protoplasts, and consider the characteristic features of PCD in cultured cells. We will review the wide range of methods to induce cell death in cell cultures ranging from abiotic stress, absence of survival signals, manipulation of signal pathway intermediates, through the induction of defence-related PCD and developmentally induced cell death.     

A transitional cell carcinoma cell line

Summary A transitional cell carcinoma cell line, COLO 232, was derived from a primary urinary bladder tumor in a Caucasian male. In culture, COLO 232 retained distinct uroepithelial phenotypic traits and produced both carcinoembryonic antigen and adrenocorticotropic hormone. COLO 232 had a chromosome mode of 58 and retained the X and Y chromosomes. Ten marker chromosomes were identified. COLO 232 will be of value for biochemical and immunological studies. Presented in part at the 28th Annual Meeting of the Tissue Culture Association, June 7, 1977. This work was supported by Grant No. CA 15018 awarded by the National Cancer Institute, DHEW, and the Mary B. and L. H. Marshall Fund.     

Germ cell sex and cell cycle

Germ cells are the only cells in the body capable of transferring an individual's genetic and epigenetic information to the next generation. However, the developmental processes that provide the foundation for male and female germ line development and later gamete production are complex and poorly understood. In mice the primordial germ cells enter the bipotential gonad at E10.5 and, in response to the testicular or ovarian micro-environment, commit to spermatogenesis or oogenesis. This paper reviews progress in understanding the molecular processes underlying the early stages of male and female germ line development.     

Preformed cell structure and cell heredity

This review will first recall the phenomena of “cortical inheritance” observed and genetically demonstrated in Paramecium 40 years ago, and later in other ciliates (Tetrahymena, Oxytricha, Paraurostyla), and will analyze the deduced concept of “cytotaxis” or “structural memory.” The significance of these phenomena, all related (but not strictly restricted) to the properties of ciliary basal bodies and their mode of duplication, will be interpreted in the light of present knowledge on the mechanism and control of basal body/centriole duplication. Then other phenomena described in a variety of organisms will be analyzed or mentioned which show the relevance of the concept of cytotaxis to other cellular processes, mainly (1) cytoskeleton assembly and organization with examples on ciliates, trypanosome, mammalian cells and plants, and (2) transmission of polarities with examples on yeast, trypanosome and metazoa. Finally, I will discuss some aspects of this particular type of non-DNA inheritance: (1) why so few documented examples if structural memory is a basic parameter in cell heredity, and (2) how are these phenomena (which all rely on protein/protein interactions, and imply a formatting role of preexisting proteinic complexes on neo-formed proteins and their assembly) related to prions?Key words: Paramecium, basal-body, centriole, basal-body duplication, cell polarity, structural inheritance, cytotaxis, cell memory, epigenetics     

Electrostimulated cell fusion in cell engineering

A survey of studies on reconstructions of animal and plant cells which apply a new physical method--electrostimulated fusion, is presented. Effects of different factors of the medium on the efficiency of electrofusion is discussed. A detailed account is given of the authors' studies on zygotes reconstruction by combined methods of microsurgery and electrostimulated cell fusion. Advantages of the latter as compared to the widely distributed methods of fusion by polyethylenglycol and Sendai virus are considered. This physical method can play an important role in the progress of cellular engineering.