食药两宜话苜蓿

食药两宜话苜蓿汪开治苜蓿（Ｍｅｄｉｃａｇｏｓａｔｉｖａ）是豆科蝶形花亚科（或蝶形花科）苜蓿属植物,原产于欧洲,目前已在世界各地广为栽培,既是农田耕作制中的重要植物,也是重要的牧草。苜蓿属共有６５种,均为一年生或多年生草本植物,中国有１６种,广布于全国...     

由小-簇麦杂种悬浮细胞和原生质体再生植株

１９８８年以来,小麦原生质体培养取得了重要进展［１—７］,但成功还仅限于少数基因型,因此,为了建立和不断完善小麦及其他禾谷类植物原生质体培养的技术体系,还有待在更多的基因型中进行探索。在小麦远缘杂种系统中,１９９０年王铁邦等［８］培养小－偃麦原生质体获得成功。本文报道由普通小麦－簇毛麦杂种悬浮细胞和原生质体再生植株的结果。材料和方法起始材料取自本实验室继代保存近２年的小－簇麦杂种（２ｎ＝４ｘ＝２８）愈伤组织。该愈伤组织是由小麦（ＴｒｉｔｉｃｕｍａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍＬ．,品种：“农大１４６”）×簇毛麦…     

基因组对芸苔属作物原生质体培养及植株再生的影响

本文以包心菜、芜菁油菜、浙油６０１的无菌苗叶肉原生质体为材料,经不同液体培养基浅层培养,细胞分裂并形成愈伤组织。愈伤组织经增殖后,转到分化培养基上诱导分化,均获得了再生植株。本文着重研究了植物基因组对原生质体分裂频率及植株再生的影响。研究结果表明：（１）植物基因组对原生质体分裂频率的影响随原生质体培养基的不同而异;（２）植物基因组对原生质体再生植株影响显著,芜菁油菜的Ａ基因组不利于原生质体再生植株     

PEG法介导转化诸葛菜下胚轴原生质体获得转基因植株

采用诸葛菜无菌苗的下胚轴组织为材料,分离原生质体,在原生质体培养基中作液体浅层暗培养,植板率为５％,植株再生频率为１００％。作者进而开展了遗传转化研究。为研究ＰＥＧ介导转化诸葛菜原生质体的影响因素,通过瞬间表达,实验了ＰＥＧ法转化子叶原生质体的过程,在此基础上将分离纯化后的原生质体与带ＨＰＴ基因的质粒ＤＮＡ（ｐＢＩ２２２）混合,ＨＰＴ基因作选择标记,ＰＥＧ介导转化;重新收集转化后的原生质体,以５×１０４／ｍｌ的密度在原生质体培养基中作浅层培养;培养１０—１５天后用２５ｍｇ／Ｌ的潮霉素（ｈｙｇｒｏｍｙｃｉｎ）进行筛选,一月后出现少量细胞团,转入含潮霉素５０ｍｇ／Ｌ的扩增培养基扩增愈伤组织,进而转入含５０—１００ｍｇ／Ｌ潮霉素的分化培养基诱导分化成苗,分化率为１００％,转入生根培养基中生根成完整植株。抗性植株再生率为４×１０（－５）。在获得再生转基因植株后,以再生植株叶片为材料,进行Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ分子杂交,证实外源基因已稳定整合到植物基因组中并表达,再生转基因植株频率为１０（－５）。国内外首次转化诸葛菜属植物原生质体获得成功。     

可乐茄叶肉原生质体培养再生植株

本文报道茄属果树可乐茄（ＳｏｌａｎｕｍｑｕｉｔｏｅｎｓｅＬａｍ．）叶肉原生质体的分离、培养及植株再生。幼嫩叶片原生质体经酶游离、纯化后,以１×１０４个／ｍｌ密度培养于稍加改良Ｋ８ｐ（附加２,４－Ｄ０．５ｍｇＬ（－１）、ＮＡＡ１．０ｍｇＬ（－１）和ＢＡ０．５ｍｇＬ（－１））的培养基中,三天后开始分裂,一周分裂３—４次。一个月形成小细胞团,植板率为０．１—０．２％,小细胞团转培养于ＭＳ＋２,４－Ｄ０．５ｍｇＬ（－１）上增殖后进行分化。原生质体来源愈伤组织在ＩＡＡ（０．１—１．０ｍｇＬ（－１））与ＢＡ或ＺＴ组合的培养基中能诱导器官发生,芽分化率最高可达４２．９％;但ＩＡＡ、ＢＡ、ＺＴ三者一起使用未见任何器官分化。小芽在ＭＳ＋ＩＡＡ０．２ｍｇＬ（－１）中生根成植株。可乐茄叶肉原生质体的植株再生,可应用于育种和茄属植物遗传工程研究。     

粉兰烟草原生质体再生植株

原生质体培养成再生植株是植物休细胞杂 交的关键环节。烟草是原生质体培养和体细胞 杂交的常用材料。烟草属的几个种已能成功地 由原生质体培养成再生植株。野生的粉兰烟草 (N. glazsca)由于具有染色体数目（2n一24）比 普通烟草（2n=48）少的优点,并已成功地被 用车体细胞杂交的亲木之一^[3,4]。本文介绍粉兰 烟草从原生质体游离到植株再生的实验结果。     

中国灰蝶科一新记录属三新记录种

本文报道发现于我国云南的灰蝶科Ｌｙｃａｅｎｉｄａｅ１新记录属：塔灰蝶属Ｔｈａｄｕｋａ Ｍｏｏｒｅ,［１８７９］;３新记录种：塔灰蝶Ｔｈａｄｕｋａ ｍｕｌｔｉｃａｎｄａｔａ Ｍｏｏｒｅ,［１８７９］,佩娆灰蝶Ａｒｈｏｐａｌａ ｐｅｒｉｍｕｔａ （Ｍｏｏｒｅ,［１８５８］）和迪花灰蝶Ｆｌｏｓ ｄｉａｒｄｉ（Ｈｅｗｉｔｓｏｎ,１８６２）。     

豆科植物原生质体培养再生植株名录

自1980年Kao和Michayluk首次获得豆科苜蓿的第一棵原生质体培养再生植株后,到1989年为止,据报道已在11属25个物种中取得了成功。此后又有小豆、豌豆、多年生野生大豆、刀豆等相继成功地获得原生质体再生植株。现将豆科植物原生质体再生植株成功的物种、取材组织及再生途径归纳如表,供参考。     

植物体细胞杂交和基因转移研究进展（Ⅰ）

现在,有多种农作物用原生质体培养和融合已获得成功,为农作物的改良找到了一种实用的方法。从20世纪60年代初期到现在,已经能使那些难于培养成功的、单子叶植物的原生质体植株培养成功。茄科植物的原生质体培养较多,如烟草属、曼陀罗属和牵牛属植物的成功杂交,而且也促使茄属和番茄属体细胞杂交成功,伞形科植物如胡萝卜与相关种的杂交已获得成功,芸香科中的柑桔属间体细胞杂种已获成功,豆科植物中,苜蓿、三叶草和百脉根等牧草,已     

西洋参胚性细胞和胚状体细胞中的核内含体与细胞质内含体

１９２１年,Ｍｏｌｉｓｈ首先在光镜下发现植物叶片细胞核中有一种晶体状的内含物（见Ｗｅｉｎｔｒａｕｂ等［１］）。后来人们陆续在某些动、植物的细胞核中观察到了这种结构［２—４］,并称之为核内含体（ｉｎｔｒａｎｕｃｌｅａｒｉｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎｓ）。Ｂｉｇａｚｚｉ［３］曾在４５种桔梗科植物的细胞中看到了核内含体。但在离体培养的植物细胞中发现内含体的报道很少,至今仅在榛子组织培养分生细胞中看到了类似的结构［５］。我们在对西洋参体细胞胚胎发生进行超微结构研究的过程中发现,在胚性愈伤组织和胚状体细胞的核和细胞质…     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.