甲苯咪唑、四咪唑驱治雉科禽类异刺线虫、蛔虫试验

1981年冬季,我们用甲苯咪唑、四咪唑对感染异刺线虫和蛔虫的38只雉科禽类作驱虫试验,简报如下:材料和方法甲苯咪唑咀嚼片为上海十一制药厂出品,批号810501;四咪唑为西南制药三厂出品,批号8170—4。以本园雉科禽类38只(其中红腹角雉14只,白腹锦鸡10只,白鹇5只,孔雀3只,褐马鸡3只和蓝马鸡3只):甲苯咪唑组22只,分装7笼;四咪唑组16只,分装6笼。用药均为50mg/kg每日一次逐只灌服,连服两次。15天后,两组交换用药一次,剂量和方法均不变,比较用药前与用药后15天粪检虫卵结果。在甲苯咪唑、四咪唑驱虫15天后,再用已知较有效药物左咪唑(50mg/kg,一次灌…     

白马镇寄生虫病流行性病学调查及分析

目的:了解白马镇人体寄生虫病流行现状,为当地卫生局制定寄生虫病防治策略与措施,评价防治效果提供科学依据,并向村民宣传寄生虫病的卫生知识和提高当地居民的卫生意识。方法:采用整群随机抽样的方法在白马镇居民中开展面对面的调查问卷。并随机抽取部分居民采用饱和盐水浮聚法进行粪检查虫卵。结果:五个村中参与问卷调查共1095人,其中有效问卷920份,共有150人参与粪检,发现五种寄生虫,总感染率31.33%,蛔虫22.7%,蛲虫2.7%,华支睾吸虫7.3%,日本血吸虫2.7%,寄生虫感染年龄主要集中在40-60岁中老年人群。在地区分布上,挂榜村的寄生虫感染率最高。结论:白马镇寄生虫感染率仍处于较高水平,其中蛔虫感染率有上升趋势,可能与村民不良卫生习惯,及喜粪便施肥等有关,提示:今后要采取药物驱虫,加强村民饮食卫生意识,改水改厕等综合防治措施,加强人体寄生虫病的防治。川北医学院三下乡队伍于2015年7月~8月对白马镇的村居民进行寄生虫调查.     

刚刺颚口线虫病流行病学生物学和药物治疗研究

本文报告刚刺颚口线虫(Gnathostoma hispidum)病流行学生物学和药物治疗。实验证明第一中间宿主计有10种,其中短角异剑水蚤和台湾温剑水蚤是新宿主记录。首次报告自然感染本虫第三期幼虫的第二中间宿主和转续宿主共18种。发现洪泽湖地区是我国刚刺颚口线虫高度流行区,当地猪的感染率达34.9％。实验证实病原有棘颚口线虫和刚刺颚口线虫(G.spinigerum,G.hispidum)2种,对刚刺颚口线虫成虫和第三期幼虫作详细研究。药物治疗结果表明丙硫苯咪唑和磷酸左咪唑剂量10—15mg/kg,一次口服驱虫效果甚佳,丙硫苯咪唑剂量25mg/kg,一次口服兼能杀灭移行于肝组织内的幼虫。文中讨论了本病的传播途径和防治对策。     

亚洲象寄生虫驱虫效果报道

我园1984年11月从云南购入4只亚洲象,入园后经过系统的寄生虫检查,发现寄生有肝片形吸虫、象芬德吸虫、象线首钩虫、印度摩西德线虫、摩西德摩西德吸虫、镰状摩西德线虫、特拉文奎隆线虫和马蹄属线虫(大公象还寄生有裂体吸虫)。用药物先后治疗,发现左旋咪唑、阿苯唑对线虫驱虫良好,对肝片形吸虫稍差,对裂体吸虫无效;吡喹酮对裂体吸虫有效。以后又连续在3个月内用阿苯唑12—13mg/kg(每月两天),未见副反应,体况明显好转。现将结果简报如下:大公象:左旋咪唑(3mg/kg)、阿苯唑(4mg/kg)、吡喹酮(25mg/kg);驱出线虫4000条,前后盘吸虫1950条,2月后粪…     

九华山猴群肠道蠕虫检查初步报告

目的了解九华山野生猴群肠道寄生虫感染情况,为野生猴疾病的防治及人兽共患寄生虫病原的控制提供参考依据。方法采用沉淀法和饱和盐水浮聚法对64份猴群粪便样品进行检查,对检出的虫卵分类计数,分析感染强度和混合感染率。结果共检出蠕虫卵34份(53%);其中鞭虫卵13份(20%),食道口线虫卵12份(19%),肠毛细线虫卵各8份(12%),蛔虫卵1份(2%);寄生虫混合感染率为19%,同时感染其中2种的占10%,同时感染3种的占9%。感染强度为鞭虫"++",肠毛细线虫"+",食道口线虫"+",蛔虫"+"。另外还有两例幼虫有待鉴定。结论此次所检出的肠道寄生虫均可感染人,因此具有重要的公共卫生意义。     

人工饲养条件下喜玛拉雅旱獭寄生虫病综合防治

目的制订规模化饲养喜玛拉雅旱獭寄生虫病综合防治措施,提高喜马拉雅旱獭的数量和质量及保证动物实验结果的准确性.方法 根据喜玛拉雅旱獭寄生虫检测结果,选择1%伊维菌素注射液按每千克体重0.02 ml皮下注射,连用5～7 d,制定并落实标本兼治的防疫措施和日常卫生消毒管理制度.结果给药后10 d和30 d取新鲜粪便检测,体内外寄生虫0%感染,停药90 d后未检测到寄生虫成虫和虫卵.结论通过采取药物驱虫和日常卫生管理及综合防治措施,使喜马拉雅旱獭寄生虫病控制收到良好效果.     

拉萨市流浪犬肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

随机采取拉萨市城关区、城郊结合部、当雄县流浪犬聚焦地61份犬新鲜粪样,通过直接涂片法和饱和蔗糖水漂浮法镜检寄生虫虫卵或卵囊。结果表明:粪检检出肠道寄生虫14种,主要寄生虫为犬绦虫、犬弓首蛔虫、犬隐孢球虫等;拉萨市区流浪犬肠道寄生虫阳性感染率为75.41%,其中城关区感染率为57.14%,城郊结合部感染率77.27%,当雄县感染率84.00%。上述结果说明,拉萨市流浪犬肠道寄生虫感染率高、种类多,存在人畜共患病危险。     

笼养黑叶猴寄生虫的检查和防治研究

开展珍稀濒危物种的寄生虫感染状况调查对该物种的保护与研究十分重要。2015年5—6月对广西壮族自治区梧州黑叶猴繁殖中心内4个饲养片区的72只黑叶猴Trachypithecus francoisi进行寄生虫调查,共采集样本199份(其中皮屑样本2份,血液样本70份,粪便样本127份)。结果发现,仅22份粪便样本中含有毛首线虫Trichuris spp.卵,虫卵数100~1 850个/g;成体猴、亚成体猴、雄性个体、雌性个体毛首线虫的感染率分别为31.25%、29.17%、31.58%和29.41%。独立样本t检验表明,感染率在成体与亚成体之间(t=1.834,df=2,P0.05)、雄性与雌性之间的差异均无统计学意义(t=1.089,df=2,P0.05)。采用阿苯达唑伊维菌素预混剂0.1 g·kg-1驱虫5 d后,驱虫效果达到94%,说明其驱虫效果较好。     

韭菜上五种有机磷农药的残留监测与安全性评价

【目的】2013—2016年,在北京、天津、河北和山东采集韭菜样品,采用超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱法检测甲胺磷、甲拌磷、甲基对硫磷、对硫磷和毒死蜱的残留量,并对其残留安全性进行评价。【方法】韭菜样品用乙腈提取,石墨碳固相萃取小柱净化,超高效反相液相色谱分离,三重四级杆质谱检测,基质匹配标准溶液的外标法定量,在添加浓度为0.01~5.0 mg/kg时,方法的准确度、灵敏度和精密度满足农药残留检测的要求。【结果】甲胺磷的最高检出浓度由70.51 mg/kg降低到0.03 mg/kg,超标率由38.10%降到2.03%;甲拌磷的最高检出浓度由6.45 mg/kg降低到0.04 mg/kg,超标率由23.81%降到1.35%;甲基对硫磷的最高检出浓度由6.62 mg/kg降低到0.13 mg/kg,超标率由25.40%降到2.70%;毒死蜱的最高检出浓度由3.95 mg/kg降低到0.47 mg/kg,超标率由15.87%降到4.73%;对硫磷的最高检出浓度由22.69mg/kg降低到0.03 mg/kg,超标率由15.08%降到1.35%。【结论】上述农药的最高残留检出浓度和超标率大幅降低,但是韭菜中仍能检出少量残留。应加强安全综合防治技术的研发,加强安全用药的宣传和指导,保障韭菜产品安全。     

滇西亚种树鼩体外寄生虫自然感染状况及分析

目的调查滇西亚种树鼩体外寄生虫的自然感染状况,为建立树鼩质量控制标准提供依据。方法对野生的滇西亚种树鼩和自繁F1代树鼩各60只分别用尸检法和活体法检测,随即采用拔毛或用透明胶带粘取腋下、耳根、腹股沟、肛门附近等处的毛发制片,置于体视镜和显微镜下观察虫体和虫卵。结果野生滇西亚种树鼩和自繁F1代树鼩体外寄生虫自然感染率分别为：虱子25%/6%、蚤5%/0、蜱1.6%/0、水蛭1.6%/0、虱子和蚤混合感染1.6%/0。结论野生树鼩体外寄生虫的自然感染多为虱子和蚤,其次还有蝉、水蛭,总感染率明显高于自繁F1代。使用灭虱灵对于驱除树鼩体外寄生虫具有较好的疗效。     

Land,livestock, and livelihoods: Changing dynamics of gender,caste, and ethnicity in a Nepalese Village

Over the past 10 years, Ghusel VDC, Lalitpur District has moved from primarily subsistence agriculture into the wider cash economy aided by the Small Farmers' Development Program (SFDP), which provides credit to farmers mainly for the purchase of buffalo for milk production, and by the National Dairy Corporation, which supports local dairy cooperatives. Analysis reveals that buffalo-keeping and milk sales are increasing the well-being of many households, while at the same time creating new inequalities in gender roles and responsibilities, greater inequities between Brahmin and Tamang residents in Ghusel, and placing pressures on the ecosystem for increased supplies of fodder and fuelwood. Evidence suggests that there is critical, need for attention to the social, and particularly gender-based, implications of maintaining livestock for milk sales and to the ecological underpinnings of this livelihood system.     

眶额叶微量注射谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸对胃运动的影响及其机制探讨

目的:研究眶额叶(OFC)的谷氨酸(Glu)和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)含量变化对胃运动的影响及其调节神经机制。方法:实验采用了大鼠眶额叶微量注射给药,结合核团损毁的方法,以记录胃内压,统计胃收缩幅度作为胃运动变化的指标。结果:①OFC注射Glu可显著降低胃收缩幅度,损毁杏仁核后可反转该效应,胃收缩幅度显著增强;损毁蓝斑核后,Glu的作用无显著性变化。②OFC注射GABA可显著增强胃的收缩幅度,损毁蓝斑核后消除该效应;损毁杏仁核后,胃收缩幅度进一步增强。结论:外源性增加OFC区Glu含量导致的抑胃效应可能是通过增强了杏仁核的经常性抑胃作用而引起的;而增加OFC区GABA的含量引起的胃运动增强与蓝斑核密切相关。     

Existence and Functions of Neurotens in Human Early Placental Villi

ＥｘｉｓｔｅｎｃｅａｎｄＦｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓｏｆＮｅｕｒｏｔｅｎｓｉｎＨｕｍａｎＥａｒｌｙＰｌａｃｅｎｔａｌＶｉｌｌｉＺＨＡＮＧＣｈｏｎｇ－ｌｉ（张崇理）;ＣＨＥＮＧＬｉ－ｒｅｎ（程丽仁）,ＳＨＥＮＷｅｉ－ｂｉｎ（沈卫斌）;ＹＩＮＨｏｎｇ（殷红）;ＨＵ...     

SPR生物传感器的特点及其在生物特异性相互作用分析中的应用

利用表面等离子模共振技术（SPR）进行生物特异性相互作用分析（BIA）已成为现代基因工程技术中的一种先进的手段。与传统的研究方法如酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）相比,它具有方便快捷、灵敏度高,应用范围广,实时监控等多项特点,利用这种新型研究手段对于生命科学的基础研究。医学诊断以及治疗等方面有着十分重的意义。本粗略概括了近几年来利用SPR生物传感器进行基础研究的基本情况以及对其的改进,并简要分析了此项技术的优点以及发展前景。     

Role of protein and RNA synthesis in the initiation of auxin-mediated growth in coleoptiles of Zea mays L.

The kinetics of inhibition by protein- and RNA-synthesis inhibitors (cycloheximide and cordycepin, respectively) of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-induced elongation growth were investigated using abraded coleoptile segments of Zea mays L. Removal of the cuticle — a diffusion barrier for solutes — by mechanical abrasion of the outer epidermal cell wall increased the effectiveness of inhibitors tremendously. In an attempt to elucidate the role of growth-limiting protein(s) (GLP) in the growth mechanism the following results were obtained. The elongation induced by IAA was completely inhibited when cycloheximide (10 mol·l^-1) was applied to abraded coleoptile segments as shortly as 10 min before the onset of the growth response (=5 min after administration of IAA). However, when cycloheximide was applied after 60 min of IAA treatment (when a steady-state growth rate is reached), the time required for complete cessation of growth was much longer (about 40 min). Cycloheximide inhibited the incorporation of [³H]leucine into protein within about 5 min. Cordycepin (400 mol·l^-1) prevented IAA-induced growth when applied as shortly as 25 min before the onset of the growth response (=10 min before administration of IAA) but required more than 60 min for a full inhibition of steady-state growth. The incorporation of [³H]adenosine into RNA was inhibited by cordycepin within 10 min. It is concluded that, contrary to previous investigations with nonabraded organ segments, the initiation of growth by IAA depends directly on the synthesis of GLP. Moreover, the apparent lifetime of GLP is at least four times longer than the time required by cycloheximide to inhibit the initiation of growth by IAA. This is interpreted to mean that GLP is not present before IAA starts to act but is synthesized as a consequence of IAA action starting a few minutes before the initiation of growth. Interpreting the kinetics of growth inhibition by cordycepin in a similar way, we further conclude that GLP synthesis is mediated by IAA-induced synthesis of the corresponding mRNA which starts about 10 min before the onset of GLP synthesis. Inhibition by cycloheximide and cordycepin of IAA-induced growth cannot be alleviated by acidifying the cell wall to pH 4-5, indicating that these inhibitors do not act on growth via an inhibition of auxin-mediated proton excretion.Abbreviations CHI cycloheximide - COR cordycepin - GLP growth-dimiting protein(s) - IAA indole-3-acetic acid - mRNA_GLP mRNA coding for GLP     

X-ray induction of dominant lethals in late spermatids and mature spermatozoa of Drosophila melanogaster: the role of oxygenation

The role of oxygenation in determining the sensitivity to the induction of dominant lethals was examined in late spermatids and mature spermatozoa of Drosophila melanogaster. 0–2-h-old or 7-day-old Oregon-K males were irradiated with different X-ray exposures in nitrogen, air or in oxygen and the frequencies of dominant lethals induced in these stages were studied. The results obtained confirm and extend Sobels' earlier observations and the interpretation derived therefrom namely, that under normal conditions in air, mature spermatozoa are characterised by a higher degree of oxygenation than late spermatids and this difference is sufficient to explain the differential response of these stages. Similar Oxygen-Enhancement-Ratios(OERs) (of about 2) were obtained for both the cell stages. The present data also revealed that late spermatids are significantly less sensitive than mature spermatozoa to the X-ray-induction of dominant lethals in a nitrogen atmosphere. A plausible mechanism is suggested to explain this observation.     

Microparticles in physiological and in pathological conditions

Chronic diseases pose a severe burden to modern National Health Systems. Individuals nowadays have a far more extended lifespan than in the past, but healthy living was only scantily extended. As much as longer life is desirable, it is saddened by chronic diseases and organ malfunctions. One contributor to these problems was recognized to be represented by microparticles (MPs). Our purpose is to better understand MPs, to contrast their ominous threat and possible clinical importance. For this intent we correlated MPs with thrombotic pathologies, hemophilia, malaria, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, endothelial dysfunctions, pulmonary hypertension, ischemic stroke, pre-eclampsia, rheumatologic diseases-rheumatoid arthritis, polymyositis-dermatomyositis, angiogenesis and tumor progression-cancer; we listed the possibilities of using them to improve transfusion methods, as a marker for acute allograft rejection, in stem cell transplantation, as neuronal biomarkers, to understand gender-specific susceptibility for diseases and to improve vaccination methods and we presented some methods for the detection of MPs.     

Structure and function of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase

In mammals, S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcyase) is the only known enzyme to catalyze the breakdown of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) to homocysteine and adenosine. AdoHcy is the product of all adenosylmethionine (AdoMet)-dependent biological transmethylations. These reactions have a wide range of products, and are common in all facets of biometabolism. As a product inhibitor, elevated levels of AdoHcy suppress AdoMet-dependent transmethylations. Thus, AdoHcyase is a regulator of biological transmethylation in general. The three-dimensional structure of AdoHcyase complexed with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADH) and the inhibitor (1′R, 2′S, 3′R)-9-(2′,3′-dihyroxycyclopenten-1-yl)adenine (DHCeA) was solved by a combination of the crystallographic direct methods program, SnB, to determine the selenium atom substructure and by treating the multiwavelength anomalous diffraction data as a special case of multiple isomorphous replacement. The enzyme architecture resembles that observed for NAD-dependent dehydrogenases, with the catalytic domain and the cofactor binding domain each containing a modified Rossmann fold. The two domains form a deep active site cleft containing the cofactor and bound inhibitor molecule. A comparison of the inhibitor complex of the human enzyme and the structure of the rat enzyme, solved without inhibitor, suggests that a 17° rigid body movement of the catalytic domain occurs upon inhibitor/substrate binding.     

Expression of mRNA for PACAP and its receptors in intra- and extra-adrenal human pheochromocytomas and their relationship to catecholamine synthesis

Purpose: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), a member of the secretin/glucagons/vasoactive intestinal peptide family, induces the expression of catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes in adrenal medullary cells. In addition, PACAP and its receptor have been detected in human pheochromocytoma tissues, though it is not yet known whether PACAP enhances the expression of genes encoding catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes. To address this question, we analyzed PACAP, PACAP receptor, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) mRNAs in pheochromocytomas. Methods: The levels of the mRNA for PACAP and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and their receptors, and for TH and PNMT were measured by RT-PCR or real-time PCR analysis, and the concentrations of catecholamines were measured by HPLC in 24 intra-adrenal and six extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas. Results: mRNA expression of PACAP and its receptor VPAC1R were detected in many pheochromocytomas (24/30 and 29/30, respectively), but mRNA expression of the PAC1R and VPAC2R receptor subtypes were detected in only one of six extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas. PACAP mRNA expression correlated with TH (p=0.0018) and PNMT (p=0.05) mRNA expression, as well as epinephrine (p=0.0342) levels in 16 intra-adrenal pheochromocytomas. Conclusion: Our findings support a possible role for PACAP in the regulation of expression of genes encoding catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes in intra-adrenal pheochromocytomas.