广西金钟山鸟类保护区鸟类多样性初步研究

本文共记录到金钟山鸟类274种,分别隶属于18目57科,其中陆生鸟类251种,水鸟23种;以留鸟为主,共157种;候鸟、旅鸟分别为104种、13种;东洋种为优势类群,共有171种,古北种和广布种分别为4种、27种。这些鸟类中有国家重点保护鸟类39种,中国特有种鸟类3种,列入世界自然保护联盟红皮书名录中的鸟类5种,列入中国濒危动物红皮书名录中的鸟类20种,列入CITES附录中的鸟类34种。本文还对金钟山鸟类保护区的5种不同生境类型的鸟类种类组成作了比较,结果表明灌丛＋农田的鸟种多样性指数最高,为3．04;水域的鸟种多样性指数最低,为2．14。     

ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES OF MITOSIS IN AMEBAE : II. The Giant Ameba Pelomyxa carolinensis

Dividing nuclei from the giant ameba Pelomyxa carolinensis were fixed in osmium tetroxide solutions buffered with veronal acetate to pH 8.0. If divalent cations (0.002 M calcium, magnesium, or strontium as chlorides) were added to the fixation solution, fibrils that are 14 mµ in diameter and have a dense cortex are observed in the spindle. If the divalent ions were omitted, oriented particles of smaller size are present and fibrils are not obvious. The stages of mitosis were observed and spindle components compared. Fibrils fixed in the presence of calcium ions are not so well defined in early metaphase as later, but otherwise have the same diameter in the late metaphase, anaphase, and early telophase. Fibrils are surrounded by clouds of fine material except in early telophase, when they are formed into tight bundles lying in the cytoplasm unattached to nuclei. Metaphase and anaphase fibrils fixed without calcium ions are less well defined and are not observably different from each other. The observations are consistent with the concept that spindle fibrils are composed of polymerized, oriented protein molecules that are in equilibrium with and bathed in non-oriented molecules of the same protein. Partially formed spindle fibrils and ribosome-like particles were observed in the mixoplasm when the nuclear envelope had only small discontinuities. Remnants of the envelope are visible throughout division and are probably incorporated into the new envelope in the telophase. Ribosome-like particles are numerous in the metaphase and anaphase spindle but are not seen in the telophase nucleus, once the envelope is reestablished, or in the interphase nucleus.     

新疆蝗总科区系研究

新疆现有蝗虫１５７种,它们分别隶属于８科６２属。在１５７种蝗虫中,古北种占绝对优势,有１２０种,其次为特有种,有３５种,广布种甚少,仅２种。在古北种中,中亚种最多,其次为泛古北种,而欧洲西伯利亚种、地中海种和东北种均很少。在８个科中,泛古北种在网翅蝗科中占优势,中亚种在班翅蝗科中占优势,斑腿蝗科在蝗总科中是相当大的一个科,在我国也占有很大优势,但在新疆其属种数量却很少。     

Oxygenate fuels for diesel engines: A survey of world-wide activities

The various possible categories of non-petroleum internal combustion engine fuels are reviewed briefly. The oxygenate fuels (i.e. those containing oxygen in chemical combination) are considered in greater detail. The main types are methanol, ethanol, vegetable oils and mono-esters derived from vegetable oils. The problems involved in applying these fuels to compression-ignition engines are considered.The organisations involved in engine and/or service tests on oxygenate fuels for these engines are listed and a short summary of the nature and extent of the work is given in each case. More than 100 organisations are listed and references are provided in most cases to their published work. Summary tables, showing the activities in each country, are included.The survey covers developments known to the authors by mid-July 1982. Additional organisations and activities, on which information has subsequently become available, are listed in the Appendix.     

沙冬青冬季叶绿体的超微结构特征

沙冬青在冬季的叶肉细胞中有丰富的叶绿体,经常聚集在一起,相互重叠,相互嵌合,有的还相互融合。大部分叶绿体为凸透镜形,多余叶绿体主要为V形、蝶形、连婴形和哑铃形。它们的被膜不光滑,常凹凸不平,甚至出现突起和内陷。类囊体十分发达,质体小球很多,但淀粉粒缺乏。大部分叶绿体形态结构正常,有的还在出芽和分裂。少数叶绿体与此不同,它们已经衰老,其中一些正在解体或已经解体。     

深圳塘朗山郊野公园的植物资源

广东深圳塘朗山郊野公园共有野生维管植物144科423属611种,分别占广东省维管植物280科1589属5737种的51.4%、26.7%和10.65%;其中蕨类省植物21科29属33种,裸子植物3科3属4种,被子植物120科391属574种,被子植物占绝对优势。国家重点保护野生植物共计7科7属7种,占广东省国家重点保护野生植物的10.9%;珍稀濒危植物有4科5属5种,占广东省珍稀濒危植物67种的7%。公园中经济植物可分为12类,分别是药用植物321种,用材树种65种,观赏植物60种,纤维植物41种,野生水果33种,油脂植物38种,饲料植物42种,鞣料植物42种,野菜植物25种,农药植物27种,芳香植物26种,淀粉植物23种,保健植物19种,染料植物13种,有毒植物10种,蜜源植物5种。     

云南小孢发属地衣的分类

报道了云南小孢发属地衣１３种,其中中国新记录种６个,它们是：喜马拉雅小孢发,尼泊尔小孢发,光滑小孢发,光亮小孢发,多叉小孢发,波氏小孢发,另外７种的形态及分布也在文中进行了讨论。     

江西木兰科植物的初步整理

通过野外采集及标本的整理鉴定, 确认江西产木兰科植物7 属22 种1 亚种, 其中3 种为江西特有种, 5 种为江西地理新分布。对各分类群进行了分类检索, 记载了其地理分布, 并列出凭证标本。     

桂西北典型喀斯特区生态服务价值的环境响应及其空间尺度特征

Study on ecosystem service values (ESVs) is the bridge of understanding ecosystem and economic decision-making. To investigate the response of ESVs to ambient environment and their spatial scales is an urgent work in the process of ecological restoration and sustainable development in southwest China. Based on the previous research results, the remote images, and weather data of 31 years (1975-2005), the response of ESVs to ambient environment and their spatial scales in a typical karst area of northwest Guangxi, China were evaluated with the method of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) in this paper. The results showed that ESVs had obvious variations with changes in elevation, rocky types and soil types, and had corresponding characteristics of spatial scales. The ESVs in middle and low elevation areas were higher, but they decreased due to human activities such as deforestation. The ESVs in peak-cluster depression areas were lower, and they would increase as influenced by policies such as returning farmland to forestland. The ESVs were influenced by rocky types, showing lower values but an increasing trend in the typical karst regions while higher values but a decreasing trend in non-karst regions. The average ESVs in the west part of the study region, which is not only the main nature reserve for rare wildlife species in Guangxi, but also one of the best preserved natural vegetation regions in China, were more than 15,000 RMB Yuan ha-1,. Comparatively, the ESVs were less than 10,000 Yuan ha-1 in the middle part of the region attributed to low vegetation coverage, serious peak-cluster depression and karst rocky desertification. After about 20 years, that is from 1985 to 2005, the ecosystem conditions had been improved and the ESVs had increased in the middle and eastern part of this study region. On the contrary, in most western part, which was dominated by subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, they had been worsened, and the balance values of ESVs were negative. As for the relationships of ESVs with rocky types and soil types, lime soil and red soil were the two main soil types that contributed to ESVs (The total contribution was above 60%, and it is 63.77%,64.37%,64.56%,64.91% respectively in the four years of 1985, 1990, 2000 and 2005.). The variance contribution of intrinsic mode function (IMF) and trend (R) showed that there were obvious special sales for ESVs in this study area, and the main spatial scales were about 2.7 km, 5.5 km, and 11.6 km. The variance contribution ratio was 12.29%, 11.26%, 11.49% respectively, and the trend (R) was high (17.74%). In conclusion, this study indicated that ecosystem conditions in the typical karst area were improved owing to the application of rocky desertification control policies, such as ecological migration and returning farmland to forestland. Besides, the main spatial scales of ESVs in the study area were the interactions of terrain, physiognomy, land use / land cover and human activities.     

Hydrogen bonding in DNA base complexes.

Experimental intermolecular frequencies in the DNA base complexes 1-methylthymine (1-MT) and cytosine monohydrate (CMH) are analyzed in terms of simple analytic interatomic potentials. Calculations with two different values for the constants of the nonbonded interactions are considered, and the hydrogen bond potentials are determined for each of these models. The observed frequencies in 1-MT are reasonably well described, although corresponding potentials are very different in the two models. The observed frequencies in CMH are less well described, although corresponding hydrogen bond potentials are similar in the two models. Hydration interactions are found to be important in CMH and the role of the water molecule is discussed. Possible reasons for the shortcomings of this simple analysis are considered.     

浙江磐安种子植物区系的特征分析

磐安约有野生种子植物 1 44科 ,62 7属 ,1 2 98种 (包括种以下分类单位 )。其中世界成分的属 67个 ,占总属数的 1 0 .69% ,热带属 2 2 7个 ,占 36.2 0 % ,温带属 32 1个 ,占 5 1 .2 0 % ,中国特有属 1 2个 ,占 1 .91 %。磐安气候温暖湿润 ,植物种类丰富 ,古老、孑遗、珍稀植物多 ,单种属和少种属占有较大比重 ;优势科、优势属明显 ,优势科 34个 ,共含有 393属 ,776种 ,分别占总属数总种属的 62 .7% ,70 .3% ,优势属 1 0个 ,共含有 1 44种 ,分别占总属数总种数的 1 .6% ,1 1 .1 % ,其中樟科、壳斗科等是该区系的表征科 ;植物分布类型多样 ,地理成分复杂 ,温带成分和热带成分占优势 ,是亚热带分布的北缘 ,与世界各地有广泛的联系     

π–π Interactions in Structural Stability: Role in RNA Binding Proteins

RNA binding proteins play significant roles in many bio-macromolecular systems. Aromatic amino acid residues are vital for several biological functions. In the present work, the influences of π–π interactions in RNA binding proteins are analyzed. There are a total of 3,396 π-residues in RNA binding proteins out of which 1,547, 1,241, and 608 are phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), and tryptophan (Trp), respectively. Among these 945, 634, and 356 Phe, Tyr, and Trp residues, respectively, are involved in π–π interactions. The observations indicate that majority of the aromatic residues in RNA binding proteins are involved in π–π interactions. Side chain–side chain π–π interactions are the predominant type of interactions in RNA binding proteins. These π–π interactions stabilize the core regions within RNA binding proteins. π–π interacting residues are evolutionary conserved. Residue-wise analysis indicates that π–π interacting residues have higher long-range contacts and hence they are important in the global conformational stability of these proteins.     

Endemism in the Flora of China—Studies on the Endemic Genera

China, under highly varied ecological conditions resulted from wide latitudinal and altitudinal ranges and from the adequate precipitation, has developed a very rich flora of great diversity. As far as flowering plants are concerned, there are 2980 genera, 214 of which, belonging to 64 families, are endemic. Among these endemic genera, there are 9 genera of taxads and conifers, 19 genera of monocots and others of dicots. Of the approximately 129 herbaceous endemic genera in the Chinese flora as a whole, about 22 (17%) are annual and 107 (83%) are biennial or perennial. In the present paper the ecological distribution, the nature of endemic genera and the centers of endemism are discussed. 1. Three types of endemic genera are distinguished, neoendemics, palaeoendemics and active epibiotics, The endemic genera in the flora of China are, for the most part, considered to be very old ones, and most of them are of temperate nature. 2. the degree of endemism in our 22 floristic regions is shown in Figure 1. The areas richest in endemic genera in the Chinese flora as a whole are the 13, 16 and 17 regions. The poorest are the 2, 4, 9 and 10 regions, and no one in the 1 and 3 regions These results on floristic richness are of general applicability. As shown in table 1, the difference in the degree of endemism among the seven Chinese floristic subkingdoms are most pronounced. 101 endemic genera are known to occur in one subkingdom, 72 to occur in two subkingdoms, and 3 to occur in four subkingdoms, only one genus widely distributed in five subkingdoms. However, there is no genus occurring in seven subkingdoms. The difference in the degree of endemism in each subkingdom reveals that the distribution of endemic genera is not well-distributed in the Chinese flora as a whole. Analysis of the vertical distribution of the 200 endemic genera of the Chinese flora bears out that there is no evident increase in endemism as a whole with altitude. 3. Three centers of endemism are found (Fig. 2). These are as follows: a). Eastern Sichuan-western Hubei center. b). Southeastern Yunnan-western Guangxi center. c). Western Sichuan-northwestern Yunnan center. The degree of endemism andcharacters of endemic genera in each center are discussed.     

粤东地区的国家保护植物

经调查粤东地区有中国珍稀濒危保护植物 2 7种 (含栽培种 ) ,分属于 2 4科 2 6属 ,占广东境内分布的中国珍稀濒危保护植物的 4 5 .8% ,占全国分布的 6 .9%。其中蕨类植物 1种 ,裸子植物 6种 ,被子植物 2 0种 ;确定为濒危植物的有 5种 ,稀有的 4种 ,渐危的 18种 ;被列为一级重点保护的 1种 ,二级重点保护的 7种 ,三级重点保护的 19种。有国家重点保护野生植物2 2种 (含栽培种 ) ,分属于 2 0科 2 0属 ,占全国重点保护野生植物的 8.3%。其中蕨类植物 5种 ,裸子植物 6种 ,被子植物 11种 ;被列为一级重点保护的 6种 ,二级重点保护的 16种。其国家保护植物资源具有种类丰富、古老性强、中国特有现象突出等特点。对其名录特点和利用价值也进行了分析     

土壤微量营养元素对武夷肉桂茶品质的影响

对丹岩区和名岩区各5个取样点的武夷肉桂茶树鲜叶生化成分进行分析。结果表明,名岩区肉桂茶树鲜叶中茶多酚、氨基酸、咖啡碱含量总体均高于丹岩区,名岩区的茶树鲜叶具有比丹岩区更优的物质基础。名岩区产的肉桂成品茶的主要生化成分茶多酚、氨基酸和咖啡碱含量亦略高于丹岩区,其他成分差异不显著。测定武夷肉桂茶树鲜叶和成品茶微量营养元素表明,二者在全铜含量上呈显著性相关,且丹岩区肉桂茶树鲜叶的Cu含量显著高于名岩区。对土壤微量营养元素分析表明,丹岩区的Cu、Zn含量显著高于名岩区,而Fe、Mn含量差异不显著。     

离体草鱼肠道对亮氨酸和酪氨酸的吸收与利用

采用同位素示踪和肠道离体灌流方法,研究了草鱼离体肠道对亮氨酸(Leu)、酪氨酸(Tyr)的吸收转运与利用。实验结果表明:当Leu浓度从1.0mmol/L增加到5.0mmol/L、10mmol/L时,肠道吸收转运的速度表现出“高浓度抑制”效应,运输到肠道外的比例为83%、66%和35%;合成肠道蛋白质的比例为2%、5%和13%;肠道组织内游离形式的比例为9%、28%和49%;其他形式的比例为6%、1%和3%。Tyr浓度从0.5mmol/L增加到1.5mmol/L、2.5mmol/L时,肠道对Tyr的吸收转运速度也随之增加,运输到肠道外的比例为52%、55%和55%;合成肠道蛋白质的比例为17%、15%和16%:肠道组织内游离形式的比例为7%、10%和16%;其他形式的比例为24%、20%和13%。肠道在吸收转运Leu和Tyr的同时,也利用它们合成蛋白质的和其他方面,Leu的吸收利用受灌流试验氨基酸浓度影响较大、而Tyr受影响较小;随着肠道内灌流的试验氨基酸浓度增加,吸收转运到肠道外的比例下降、留存于肠道内的比例增加,肠道合成的蛋白质绝对量也增加。       

高度抗寒植物冬季线粒体的电镜观察

冬季沙冬青叶肉我线粒体相当丰富,常常位于叶绿体出芽和分裂处,在质膜大量内隐形成管状细胞的附近和含有颗粒状物质、膜状物质或特殊内含和的周围也随时可见了线粒体也经常与微体和叶绿体在一起。有时甚至还不同程度地被内多所包围。沙冬青叶肉细胞中的的线粒一般灯承圆形,被膜清晰完整,嵴丰富,基质电子度较高。有时基质中有小泡或电子密度很高的颗粒和内含物,个别线粒体的基质中学有类髓样体结构。文中讨论了沙冬青线粒体的形     

浙江天台山七子花等6种阔叶树光合生态特性

 对分布在浙江天台山的七子花(Heptacodium miconioides)等6种主要阔叶树的光合生理生态特性进行了研究,结果表明：1)夏季6种植物光合日进程均为“双峰”型,有明显的光合“午休”现象。日均净光合速率月变化呈“单峰”型,8月是一年的高峰期。日均和5～11月平均净光合速率最高的是东南石栎(Lithocarpus harlandii),最低的是天台阔叶槭(Acer amplum var. tientaiense）,七子花处于中下水平。2)相对常绿树种而言,七子花的光补偿点较高,光饱和点较低,对光     

DING proteins; novel members of a prokaryotic phosphate-binding protein superfamily which extends into the eukaryotic kingdom

PstS proteins are the cell-bound phosphate-binding elements of the ubiquitous bacterial ABC phosphate uptake mechanisms. Primary and tertiary structures, characteristic of pstS proteins, are conserved in proteins, which are expressed in secretory operons and induced by phosphate deprivation, in Pseudomonas species. There are two subsets of these proteins; AP proteins, which are alkaline phosphatases, and DING proteins, named for their N-terminal sequence, which are phosphate-binding proteins. Both form elements of a proposed phosphate-scavenging system in pseudomonads. DING proteins have also been isolated from many eukaryotic sources, and are associated with both normal and pathological functions in mammals. Their phosphate-binding function suggests a role in biomineralization, but the ability to bind other ligands may be related to signal transduction in eukaryotes. Though it has been claimed that all such proteins may originate from pseudomonads, many eukaryotic DING proteins have unique features which are incompatible with a bacterial origin.