乙型肝炎肝硬化患者肠道菌群变化与血清细胞因子水平的相关性

目的探讨乙型肝炎肝硬化患者肠道菌群变化与血清干扰素-α(IFN-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)水平的相关性。方法选择2017年12月至2019年12月我院收治的105例乙型肝炎肝硬化患者为A组,50例乙型肝炎患者为B组,同期于我院体检健康者50例为C组。比较3组患者粪便标本中菌群分布情况,同时比较3组患者血清IFN-α、IL-6、IL-1β水平,不同程度肠道菌群失调乙型肝炎肝硬化患者血清IFN-α、IL-6、IL-1β水平。采用Pearson相关分析乙型肝炎肝硬化患者肠道菌群与血清IFN-α、IL-6、IL-1β的相关性。结果 A组患者肠道乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量显著低于B组,而肠杆菌、肠球菌及血清IFN-α、IL-6、IL-1β水平显著高于B组(均P0.05)。B组患者肠道乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量显著低于C组,而肠杆菌、肠球菌及血清IFN-α、IL-6、IL-1β水平显著高于C组(均P0.05)。Ⅱ度菌群失调乙型肝炎肝硬化患者血清IFN-α、IL-6、IL-1β水平显著高于I度菌群失调者(均P0.05)。Ⅲ度菌群失调乙型肝炎肝硬化患者血清IFN-α、IL-6、IL-1β水平显著高于Ⅱ度菌群失调者(均P0.05)。乙型肝炎肝硬化患者肠道肠杆菌、肠球菌数量与血清IFN-α、IL-6、IL-1β水平呈正相关,而其肠道乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量与血清IFN-α、IL-6、IL-1β水平呈负相关(均P0.05)。结论乙型肝炎肝硬化患者存在明显的肠道菌群失调,同时其外周血IFN-α、IL-6、IL-1β水平呈现上升趋势。肠道菌群与血清IFN-α、IL-6、IL-1β可能协同参与了乙型肝炎肝硬化的发生及发展。     

初乳中主要组分的动态变化及产妇年龄和剖宫产的影响

测定了来自20位健康母亲(其中8位为剖宫产)的118份初乳(泌乳第1～7d)中乳糖和蛋白质浓度.通过线性模型,分析产妇年龄和剖宫产对乳糖和蛋白质含量的影响.结果表明,乳糖在泌乳第1d最低,在泌乳1w内增加,其中泌乳第1d的乳糖浓度极显著低于第7d(P＜0.01).乳蛋白的浓度在泌乳第1d最高,泌乳1w内下降,其中前3d水平显著或极显著高于第7d(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).初乳中乳糖和乳蛋白含量呈极显著负相关(r=-0.523,P＜0.01).剖宫产母亲初乳中乳糖含量显著低于顺产(P＜0.05),剖宫产与顺产母亲初乳中蛋白质含量差异不显著(P＞0.05).产妇年龄的大小与初乳中蛋白质和乳糖含量均无显著关系(P＞0.05).     

少年游泳运动员冬训期间HbA_2百分含量的规律性变化

 本研究用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳,双波长扫描仪对少年游泳运动员的HbA_2百分含量进行测定。发现大运动量训练对HbA_2水平是有影响的。经六天训练(星期二、五为大运动量训练),星期日休息一天,次周的星期一晨HbA_2百分含量升高,星期二大运动量训练后的次日晨HbA_2百分含量显著下降。运动性贫血的运动员,其HbA_2百分含量一周中的变化趋势与正常运动员相似,但HbA_2百分含量比正常运动员高。     

饥饿胁迫对刀鲚形体、体成分及血液生化指标的影响

以室内养殖刀鲚为试验对象,研究20天的短期饥饿对其形体、体成分和血液生化指标的影响,实验组分别在第0、2、5、10、15和20天取样。结果表明,脏体比和肝体比在饥饿的第2天即显著下降(P<0.05),肥满度和体质量在20天的饥饿期内呈下降趋势,但变化不显著(P＞0.05)。刀鲚肌肉粗脂肪在第5天显著下降(P<0.05),下降5.99%,而粗蛋白含量在第15天时才显著降低(P<0.05),水分在整个饥饿期间总体呈上升趋势,第10天显著上升(P<0.05),粗灰分含量在饥饿期间变化不显著(P>0.05)。血清总蛋白、球蛋白、胆固醇和皮质醇随着饥饿时间的延长呈现先升高后降低的趋势,而血清甘油三酯和血糖总体呈先急速下降并维持一定水平,其中甘油三酯在饥饿至第2天显著下降(P<0.05),血糖浓度在第5天显著下降(P<0.05)。表明短期饥饿胁迫使刀鲚形体发生一定的变化,随着饥饿时间的延长,刀鲚首先先动用体内储存的脂肪来满足能量供应,再动用蛋白质来维持体内的正常代谢,血液生化指标也发生与饥饿相适应的变化。     

草地藏系绵羊乳游离氨基酸质量分数及蛋白遗传多态性研究

用反相高效液相色谱法检测草地藏系绵羊乳游离氨基酸质量分数,用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法研究乳蛋白组分及其遗传多态性。结果表明:草地藏系绵羊乳中检测到17种游离氨基酸,其中质量分数最高的为Arg;与金堂黑山羊乳比较17种游离氨基酸中,甲硫氨酸的质量分数极显著高于金堂黑山羊(p<0.01),而天冬氨酸、甘氨酸、赖氨酸、谷氨酸、苏氨酸、丙氨酸和缬氨酸的质量分数均显著低于金堂黑山羊(p<0.05),其余9种游离氨基酸质量分数未发现明显差异,但两种羊乳中的必需氨基酸总量基本相同,差异不明显(p>0.05)。草地藏系绵羊乳蛋白组分主要包括α-La、β-Lg、CN、IgG等,CN的相对质量分数约50%~52%;研究还发现4种分子量类型的乳上皮粘蛋白MUC1,分子量分别为214kD、209kD、207kD、205kD;CN、β-Lg均未检测到多态性,说明草地藏系绵羊乳蛋白遗传多态性较为贫乏。     

乳杆菌对牛乳β-乳球蛋白致敏小鼠淋巴细胞分泌Th1/Th2型细胞因子和抗体的体外影响

为了分析乳杆菌对致敏小鼠脾淋巴细胞分泌Th1/Th2细胞因子及抗体的体外影响,用牛乳β-乳球蛋白腹腔注射BALB/c小鼠建立过敏症模型,造模成功后,分离致敏小鼠的脾淋巴细胞并与4种活/死乳杆菌(107 CFU/mL)体外共同孵育,ELISA法检测细胞上清液中细胞因子(IL-12、IFN-γ和IL-4)和抗体(总IgE、β-Lg特异性IgE和总IgG)含量。4种活/死乳杆菌均可体外调节致敏小鼠脾淋巴细胞分泌细胞因子和抗体的水平,特别是热致死的发酵乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌可提高淋巴细胞IL-12和IFN-γ的分泌,抑制IL-4的分泌,使其IFN-γ/IL-4比值(代表Th1/Th2细胞平衡)高于活菌,与空白对照组比较差异显著(P<0.05)。同时,这两株热致死菌还可显著下调细胞上清液中总IgE、特异性IgE和总IgG抗体的浓度(P<0.05)。试验结果表明乳杆菌可提高牛乳β-乳球蛋白致敏小鼠脾淋巴细胞的IFN-γ/IL-4比值,进而纠正Th2占优势的Th1/Th2失衡,下调抗体分泌量,且具有菌株特异性。     

奶牛β-Lg基因第1外显子PCR-SSCP多态性与泌乳性能的相关性

采用PCR-SSCP技术并结合测序对233头奶牛β乳球蛋白(β-Lg)基因5’端部分序列和外显子1全部序列进行了多态性研究,分析了该基因与奶牛泌乳性状的相关性。结果表明:β-Lg基因5’端和外显子1共存在2个等位基因3种基因型,BB型为优势基因型,B为优势等位基因。该群体在这一位点上偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态,多态信息含量(PIC)为0.3548。测序结果显示,与普通牛该基因序列(X14710)相比,B等位基因在2073 bp、2202 bp和2206 bp处发生了G→C、C→T和A→G的碱基突变,其中2202 bp处的C→T突变导致第11位氨基酸由苏氨酸变为异亮氨酸,而A等位基因在3个位点上与X14710相同。最小二乘法分析表明,BB型305 d乳蛋白量显著高于AA型和AB型(P<0.05);AB型305 d乳脂量显著高于AA型(P<0.05),BB型与AB型之间差异不显著(P>0.05);等位基因B为高乳蛋白量和乳脂量的优势基因,可作为奶牛选育的分子遗传标记。     

有氧和抗阻运动对SAMP8小鼠免疫机能的影响

目的 探讨有氧运动和抗阻运动两种运动方式对快速衰老小鼠(SAMP8小鼠)免疫机能的影响。方法 24只28周龄雄性SAMP8小鼠分为模型组、有氧运动组、抗阻运动组，每组8只；另设8只同龄正常老化SAMR1小鼠作对照组。有氧运动组经匀速水平运动跑台训练8周，有氧运动组经递增负重爬梯运动训练8周。每两周测定相对抓力、转棒测试时间。测定免疫器官指数，观察免疫器官组织形态学，ELISA法检测血清IL2浓度，免疫组织化学观测脾IL2Rα蛋白表达，RT-qPCR法检测脾IL2、IL2Rα、IL2Rβ、IL2Rγ基因表达水平。结果 与对照组相比，模型组相对抓力、转棒测试时间均显著下降(P<0.0001);胸腺指数、脾指数均显著下降(P<0.001);免疫器官衰老明显；血清IL2浓度显著降低(P<0.0001);脾IL2Rα蛋白阳性率显著降低(P<0.001);脾IL2、IL2Rα、IL2Rβ、IL2Rγ基因表达显著下降(P<0.01)。经8周有氧运动和抗阻运动干预后，与模型组相比，有氧运动组和抗阻运动组相对抓力、转棒测试时间均显著升高(P<0.05),抗阻运动组相对...     

内毒素诱导大鼠急性肺损伤模型的动态研究

目的:建立内毒素诱导大鼠急性肺损伤的模型并筛选出敏感检测指标。方法:90只wistar大鼠随机分为10组,其中9组以气管内滴注内毒素(Lipopolysaccharide,LPS)建立大鼠急性肺损伤(Acute lung injury,ALI)模型,另一组作为空白对照组。观察造模8、12、24、36、48、72、96、120 h后的肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)水平、肺组织的病理形态学变化、12h造模组与空白组的BALF中的多形核白细胞(PMN)百分比和蛋白浓度。结果:造模后BALF中的TNF-α、IL-6的浓度随时间延长显著升高且均在24 h达到峰值(P0.01);肺组织病理损伤也逐渐加重,12 h已出现明显的肺泡损伤、肺水肿、炎性细胞浸润等病变;12 h模型组BALF中PMN百分比和蛋白浓度较空白对照组显著增加(P0.01)。结论:在该实验条件下,气管内滴注LPS 8 mg/kg,12 h后即可建立ALI模型,可通过检测BALF中的TNF-α、IL-6浓度及肺组织的病变程度等指标进行模型评价。     

不同浓度葡萄糖对β-TC3 细胞Gα表达的影响

目的:研究不同浓度葡萄糖对β-TC3(小鼠胰岛β细胞瘤细胞)细胞Gα(G蛋白α亚基)表达的影响。方法:β-TC3细胞在正常葡萄糖浓度下(11.1 mM)适应性生长两天后,将细胞暴露于不同葡萄糖浓度(25、50 mM),分别于24、48、96h收集细胞,并行蛋白质印迹检测Gα的表达。结果:加入葡萄糖后24、48、96h,Gα的表达明显下降(相对对照组)。结论:持续高糖刺激,可导致β-TC3细胞Gα表达的下调,从而影响细胞信号转导,致使胰岛素抵抗的发生。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.