共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Robert J. SORENG Paul M. PETERSON Konstantin ROMASCHENKO Gerrit DAVIDSE Fernando O. ZULOAGA Emmet J. JUDZIEWICZ Tarciso S. FILGUEIRAS Jerrold I. DAVIS Osvaldo MORRONE 《植物分类学报：英文版》2015,53(2):117-137
Based on recent molecular and morphological studies we present a modern worldwide phylogenetic classification of the ± 12074 grasses and place the 771 grass genera into 12 subfamilies (Anomochlooideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, Bambusoideae, Chloridoideae, Danthonioideae, Micraioideae, Oryzoideae, Panicoideae, Pharoideae, Puelioideae, and Pooideae), 6 supertribes (Andropogonodae, Arundinarodae, Bambusodae, Panicodae, Poodae, Triticodae), 51 tribes (Ampelodesmeae, Andropogoneae, Anomochloeae, Aristideae, Arundinarieae, Arundineae, Arundinelleae, Atractocarpeae, Bambuseae, Brachyelytreae, Brachypodieae, Bromeae, Brylkinieae, Centotheceae, Centropodieae, Chasmanthieae, Cynodonteae, Cyperochloeae, Danthonieae, Diarrheneae, Ehrharteae, Eragrostideae, Eriachneae, Guaduellieae, Gynerieae, Hubbardieae, Isachneae, Littledaleeae, Lygeeae, Meliceae, Micraireae, Molinieae, Nardeae, Olyreae, Oryzeae, Paniceae, Paspaleae, Phaenospermateae, Phareae, Phyllorachideae, Poeae, Steyermarkochloeae, Stipeae, Streptochaeteae, Streptogyneae, Thysanolaeneae, Triraphideae, Tristachyideae, Triticeae, Zeugiteae, and Zoysieae), and 80 subtribes (Aeluropodinae, Agrostidinae, Airinae, Ammochloinae, Andropogoninae, Anthephorinae, Anthistiriinae, Anthoxanthinae, Arthraxoninae, Arthropogoninae, Arthrostylidiinae, Arundinariinae, Aveninae, Bambusinae, Boivinellinae, Boutelouinae, Brizinae, Buergersiochloinae, Calothecinae, Cenchrinae, Chionachninae, Chusqueinae, Coicinae, Coleanthinae, Cotteinae, Cteniinae, Cynosurinae, Dactylidinae, Dichantheliinae, Dimeriinae, Duthieinae, Eleusininae, Eragrostidinae, Farragininae, Germainiinae, Gouiniinae, Guaduinae, Gymnopogoninae, Hickeliinae, Hilariinae, Holcinae, Hordeinae, Ischaeminae, Loliinae, Melinidinae, Melocanninae, Miliinae, Monanthochloinae, Muhlenbergiinae, Neurachninae, Olyrinae, Orcuttiinae, Oryzinae, Otachyriinae, Panicinae, Pappophorinae, Parapholiinae, Parianinae, Paspalinae, Perotidinae, Phalaridinae, Poinae, Racemobambosinae, Rottboelliinae, Saccharinae, Scleropogoninae, Scolochloinae, Sesleriinae, Sorghinae, Sporobolinae, Torreyochloinae, Traginae, Trichoneurinae, Triodiinae, Tripogoninae, Tripsacinae, Triticinae, Unioliinae, Zizaniinae, and Zoysiinae). In addition, we include a radial tree illustrating the hierarchical relationships among the subtribes, tribes, and subfamilies. We use the subfamilial name, Oryzoideae, over Ehrhartoideae because the latter was initially published as a misplaced rank, and we circumscribe Molinieae to include 13 Arundinoideae genera. The subtribe Calothecinae is newly described and the tribe Littledaleeae is new at that rank. 相似文献
2.
Web-building spiders are formidable predators, yet assassin bugs in the Emesine Complex (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae, Saicinae, and Visayanocorinae) prey on spiders. The Emesine Complex comprises >1000 species and these web-associated predatory strategies may have driven their diversification. However, lack of natural history data and a robust phylogenetic framework currently preclude tests of this hypothesis. We combine Sanger (207 taxa, 3865 bp) and high-throughput sequencing data (15 taxa, 381 loci) to generate the first taxon- and data-rich phylogeny for this group. We discover rampant paraphyly among subfamilies and tribes, necessitating revisions to the classification. We use ancestral character state reconstructions for 40 morphological characters to identify diagnostic features for a revised classification. Our new classification treats Saicinae Stål and Visayanocorinae Miller as junior synonyms of Emesinae Amyot and Serville, synonymizes the emesine tribes Ploiariolini Van Duzee and Metapterini Stål with Emesini Amyot and Serville, and recognises six tribes within Emesinae (Collartidini Wygodzinsky, Emesini, Leistarchini Stål, Oncerotrachelini trib.n. , Saicini Stål stat.n. , and Visayanocorini Miller stat.n. ). We show that a pretarsal structure putatively involved in web-associated behaviours evolved in the last common ancestor of Emesini, the most species-rich clade within Emesinae, suggesting that web-associations could be widespread in Emesinae. 相似文献
3.
A new species of Bankisus Navás, 1912,(Bankisus sparsussp. n.)is described and illustrated with the genus newly recorded from China. A key to species of Bankisus is provided. 相似文献
4.
在扫描电镜下研究了茄科天仙子族7属及颠茄属、茄参属和枸杞属3属共10属23种植物的花粉形态学特征。结果表明:天仙子族的花粉粒形状为球形、近球形、扁球形和长球形;萌发孔类型有无萌发孔、不规则的拟孔、3沟、4沟、3～4沟、散沟和3孔沟;外壁纹饰为小刺状、瘤状、各式条纹状、条纹-穴状、条纹-网状、皱波状、细网状和网状。沟膜近光滑、具小颗粒、具小刺状突起或具瘤状突起。各属植物的花粉形态在萌发孔的有无、萌发孔的类型和外壁纹饰等方面有较大的差异,可以作为探讨属间分类和系统关系的重要依据。天仙子族植物花粉萌发孔的演化趋势为:无萌发孔→3、4沟→3孔沟。无萌发孔的山莨菪属是原始类群,三孔沟的马尿泡和天仙子等属是进化类群。还讨论了与前人研究结果不同之处和可能的原因。 相似文献
5.
6.
Robert J. Soreng Paul M. Peterson Fernando O. Zuloaga Konstantin Romaschenko Lynn G. Clark Jordan K. Teisher Lynn J. Gillespie Patricia Barberá Cassiano A. D. Welker Elizabeth A. Kellogg De‐Zhu Li Gerrit Davidse 《植物分类学报：英文版》2022,60(3):476-521
We present an updated worldwide phylogenetic classification of Poaceae with 11 783 species in 12 subfamilies, 7 supertribes, 54 tribes, 5 super subtribes, 109 subtribes, and 789 accepted genera. The subfamilies (in descending order based on the number of species) are Pooideae with 4126 species in 219 genera, 15 tribes, and 34 subtribes; Panicoideae with 3325 species in 242 genera, 14 tribes, and 24 subtribes; Bambusoideae with 1698 species in 136 genera, 3 tribes, and 19 subtribes; Chloridoideae with 1603 species in 121 genera, 5 tribes, and 30 subtribes; Aristidoideae with 367 species in three generaand one tribe; Danthonioideae with 292 species in 19 generaand 1 tribe; Micrairoideae with 192 species in nine generaand three tribes; Oryzoideae with 117 species in 19 genera, 4 tribes, and 2 subtribes; Arundinoideae with 36 species in 14 genera and 3 tribes; Pharoideae with 12 species in three generaand one tribe; Puelioideae with 11 species in two generaand two tribes; and the Anomochlooideae with four species in two generaand two tribes. Two new tribes and 22 new or resurrected subtribes are recognized. Forty-five new (28) and resurrected (17) genera are accepted, and 24 previously accepted genera are placed in synonymy. We also provide an updated list of all accepted genera including common synonyms, genus authors, number of species in each accepted genus, and subfamily affiliation. We propose Locajonoa, a new name and rank with a new combination, L. coerulescens. The following seven new combinations are made in Lorenzochloa: L. bomanii, L. henrardiana, L. mucronata, L. obtusa, L. orurensis, L. rigidiseta, and L. venusta. 相似文献
7.
Yan Yan Yuyu Wang Xingyue Liu Shaun L. Winterton Ding Yang 《International journal of biological sciences》2014,10(8):895-908
In the holometabolous insect order Neuroptera (lacewings), the cosmopolitan Myrmeleontidae (antlions) are the most species-rich family, while the closely related Nymphidae (split-footed lacewings) are a small endemic family from the Australian-Malesian region. Both families belong to the suborder Myrmeleontiformia, within which controversial hypotheses on the interfamilial phylogenetic relationships exist. Herein, we describe the complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes of an antlion (Myrmeleon immanis Walker, 1853) and a split-footed lacewing (Nymphes myrmeleonoides Leach, 1814), representing the first mt genomes for both families. These mt genomes are relatively small (respectively composed of 15,799 and 15,713 bp) compared to other lacewing mt genomes, and comprise 37 genes (13 protein coding genes, 22 tRNA genes and two rRNA genes). The arrangement of these two mt genomes is the same as in most derived Neuroptera mt genomes previously sequenced, specifically with a translocation of trnC. The start codons of all PCGs are started by ATN, with an exception of cox1, which is ACG in the M. immanis mt genome and TCG in N. myrmeleonoides. All tRNA genes have a typical clover-leaf structure of mitochondrial tRNA, with the exception of trnS1(AGN). The secondary structures of rrnL and rrnS are similar with those proposed insects and the domain I contains nine helices rather than eight helices, which is common within Neuroptera. A phylogenetic analysis based on the mt genomic data for all Neuropterida sequenced thus far, supports the monophyly of Myrmeleontiformia and the sister relationship between Ascalaphidae and Myrmeleontidae. 相似文献
8.
Phylogenetic relationship within Neuroptera is controversial, particularly for the various hypotheses based on both morphological and molecular evidence. In the present study, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Gatzara jezoensis, which is the second representative of the tribe Dendroleontini. The G. jezoensis mitogenome contained the conserved set of 37 mitochondrial genes and a putative control region, with a conserved gene arrangement which was similar to that of most sequenced neuropteran mitogenomes. All transfer RNAs exhibited the canonical cloverleaf secondary structure, except for trnS(AGN). The control region contained two conserved elements (ploy-T stretch and ATGGTTCAAYAAAATAAYYCYCTC motif) and abundant microsatellite-like elements. The phylogenetic analysis of sequenced neuropteran mitogenomes using the concatenated protein-coding genes (PCGs) and ribosomal genes recovered the monophyly of Myrmeleontidae, which revealed this dataset could generate the more robust phylogeny of Neuroptera than that of 13 PCGs dataset. 相似文献
9.
记述蚁蛉科Myrmeleontidae蚁蛉属Myrmeleon中国1新纪录种,狭翅蚁蛉Myrmeleon trivialis Gerstaecker,1885;提出藏蚁蛉Myrmeleon zanganus Yang,1987为狭翅蚁蛉Myrmeleonon trivialis Gerstaecker,1885的新异名.研究标本保存在中国农业大学昆虫标本馆、匈牙利绍莫吉州博物馆和德国格赖夫斯瓦尔德大学动物博物馆. 相似文献
10.
对中国棘蚁蛉族Acanthaclisini进行了分类研究和修订,共记述中国棘蚁蛉族4属5种(包括2新纪录属、2新纪录种):尾棘蚁蛉Acanthaclisis pallida Mclachlan,单中大蚁蛉Centroclisis negligens(Navás),南击大蚁蛉Heoclisis kawaii(Nakahara),追击大蚁蛉Heoclisis japonica(Maclachlan)和黎母硕蚁蛉Stiphroneura inclusa(Walker).其中棘蚁蛉属Acanthaclisis和硕蚁蛉属Stiphroneura为中国新纪录属,尾棘蚁蛉A.pallida Mclachlan和黎母硕蚁蛉S.inclusa(Walker)为中国新纪录种.确定了Alloclisis hainanica Yang为Centro-clisis negligens(Navás)的新异名,Neriga limoiana Yang为Stiphroneura inclusa(Walker)的新异名.编写了中国棘蚁蛉族分种检索表.标本保存在中国农业大学昆虫系标本馆和中国科学院动物所. 相似文献
11.
The tribe Acanthoplectrini (Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae) includes a group of antlion genera widely distributed across the Australasian and Oriental regions. The intergeneric and interspecific relationships between or within the Australian and Oriental lineages of this tribe as well as their historical biogeography remain largely unexplored. Here, we present a molecular phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses of Acanthoplectrini to infer the diversification history of this tribe, with emphasis on the Oriental lineage. Both the Oriental and Australian lineages are monophyletic and recovered as sister groups. Ancestral area reconstruction suggests that the ancestor of Acanthoplectrini might have been once widely distributed from Indochina to Australia and then split into the Oriental and Australian lineages during the early-Miocene. Our analyses recovered northeastern Indochina and south China as the ancestral range of the Oriental Acanthoplectrini. During the mid-Miocene to the mid-Pliocene, orographic events such as the rising of mountain ranges (including the Himalayas) and the formation of major islands in southeastern Asia triggered several dispersal and vicariance events in the Oriental Acanthoplectrini, driving their speciation. We revise the classification of the Oriental Acanthoplectrini, establishing the new genus Paralayahima gen. n. , which is recovered sister to Layahima Navás. Moreover, we describe four new species of Layahima, Layahima aspoeckorum sp. n. , Layahima monba sp. n. , Layahima lhoba sp. n. and Layahima xinliae sp. n. , and we reinstate two previously synonymized species, Layahima melanocoris (Yang) stat. rev. and comb. n. and Layahima nebulosa Navás stat. rev. 相似文献
12.
T. R. New 《New Zealand journal of zoology.》2013,40(3):281-284
Abstract The New Zealand antlion, Weeleus acutus (Walker), is redescribed and its relationships are discussed. Notes on the larva are given. 相似文献
13.
Previous phylogenetic analyses found that the largest genus in the tribe Campanuleae, Campanula L. is polyphyletic. The genus is extremely intermingled, involving more than 50 genera, but no generic reappraisal has been attempted. For undertaking further phylogenetic analyses and subsequent generic reappraisal of the tribe, we sampled 333 samples, representing 27 of 28 genera currently recognized. Among them, 146 samples and two genera, Cylindrocarpa Regel and Sergia Fed., were newly sequenced. Six chloroplast DNA loci (atpB-rbcL, matK, petD-intron, rbcL, rpl16, and trnL-F) and internal transcribed spacer were used to undertake phylogenetic analyses. Our chloroplast DNA phylogeny comprises 24 clades, that is, 18 Cam clades and six genera, Feeria Buser, Homocodon D. Y. Hong, Jasione L., Peracarpa Hook. f. & Thomson, Trachelium L., and Favratia Feer. Campanula species are scattered among the 18 Cam clades and the six genera, and some of them join with well-established genera like Phyteuma L. and Adenophora Fisch. In the phylogeny Musschia Dumort. is at the basal position, but Jasione's position is unclear, whether in the tribe Campanuleae or in Wahlenbergieae; the other 22 lineages are grouped into two major clades: clade A comprising Cam 13–17 plus Feeria and Trachelium, and clade B comprising Cam 02, 03, 04-1, 04-2, and 06-12 plus Homocodon and Peracarpa. We found that the molecular phylogeny is closely correlated with morphology, particularly pollen morphology: clade A with pollen 3-porate and capsule dehiscent mostly by basal pores; and clade B with pollen mostly 4 (5–15)-porate and capsule dehiscent mostly by apical-middle pores. A generic reappraisal of the tribe is suggested based on the integrated phylogenetic analyses. 相似文献
14.
我国侏罗纪脉翅目化石一新属一新种(脉翅目:蚁蛉总科) 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
描述脉翅目化石一新属一新种,精细华蛉Siniphes delicatus gen.et sp.nov.,标本采自辽宁省北票市晚侏罗世义县组地层中。讨论了华蛉属的科级分类问题。新属可归于蚁蛉总科,但科级位置不能确定。模式标本保存在首都师范大学生物系。 相似文献
15.
16.
Abstract: A new species of palaeoleontid neuropteran Baisopardus cryptohymen sp. nov. is described. The holotype is remarkable for the preservation of fine body structures and colour patterning on all of its four wings. The specimen is nearly complete, lacking only the abdomen and the right mesothoracic leg, and is preserved as a black-brown compression in laminated limestone of the Nova Olinda Member, Crato Formation (late Aptian, Early Cretaceous), Ceará, Brazil. The colour pattern of the forewings comprises a series of dark brown bands that overlap with colourless bands of the hindwings; it produced a cryptic colour pattern when the wings were folded. 相似文献
17.
B. E. Herber 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》2002,232(1-2):107-121
Pollen morphology of the four subfamilies of Thymelaeaceae sensu Domke (1934) was examined using LM, SEM and TEM. The variation
of the exine architecture allows to distinguish four pollen types and three subtypes. Distribution of pollen types proves
to be widely correlated with the occurrence of characters from wood anatomy and flower morphology. If pollen types are connected
with subfamilies sensu Domke (1934), Gonystyloideae, Thymelaeoideae and Synandrodaphnoideae are stenopalynous, whereas Aquilarioideae
are eurypalynous. Based on pollen morphology as well as on other characters it is evident that Aquilarioideae are not monophyletic.
Its genera Aquilaria and Gyrinops are more closely related to Thymelaeoideae and Synandrodaphnoideae than to other genera of Aquilarioideae sensu Domke (1934).
The remaining genera of Aquilarioideae Deltaria, Solmsia and Lethedon are most similar to Gonystyloideae and therefore are included in this subfamily, as it was suggested by Airy Shaw (1979).
Furthermore, palynological and other characters favour the transfer of Octolepis from Aquilarioideae to Gonystyloideae. The re-circumscribed Aquilarioideae together with Thymelaeoideae and Synandrodaphnoideae
are shown to form a monophyletic group.
Received August 8, 2001 Accepted December 7, 2001 相似文献
18.
19.
Shi Quande 《人类学学报》1983,2(01):60
An anthropological study was made in September 1980 on Dawuer tribe including 144 males and 83 females.<br>Tre results of the survey can be summarized breifly as follows:<br>The mean value of the stature of males is 164.77 cm and belongs to ' Mittelgross' but tends to 4 4 Untermittelgross,? type,while that of females is 153.53 em and belongs to “Mittelgross\". The cephalic index is of brachycephalic type in both sexes. The facial form is leptoprosory type in males and females. The facial index belongs to leptorrhiny type in both sexes.<br>In addition,both males and females mostly have Mongolian folds (70%). The eye aperture is sloping upward laterally,and the breadth of eye aperture is of narrow type in most cases. The thickness of red lips is of thin type in most cases.<br>Compared with the surrounding groups,Dawure tribe is most closely related to Han nationality living in North China and Chaoxian nationality,while it is remotely related to Li and Miao nationalities. 相似文献