EFFECT OF OVIDUCAL PROTEINASE UPON BUFO ARENARUM VITELLINE ENVELOPE. A FLUORESCENCE APPROACH

The intrinsic fluorescence of vitelline envelope from amphibian eggs was enhanced after having been treated with pars recta secretion fluid. At the same time the total number of binding sites for 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS) was increased, with the affinity constant remaining unchanged. These observations are interpreted in terms of a structural change of the vitelline envelope submitted to pars recta fluid effect.     

中华大蟾蜍输卵管分泌物在受精过程中作用的探讨

未曾包被输卵管分泌物的卵球,即无胶膜卵球,在授与高浓度精液(0.9—3.8×10~8个精子/毫升)条件下,并不能受精,从而进一步证实,输卵管分泌物是卵球受精的必要因素。透射电镜观察表明,未曾接触输卵管分泌物的体腔卵球和体外排出卵球的卵黄膜中,有许多纤维束(直径1200—1500A),纵横交织。在输卵管中运行时,卵球外周包被输卵管分泌物。输卵管各部分(直部、卷曲前部和卷曲部)分泌物中,都含有松散卵黄膜纤维束的因子,经其作用,卵黄膜纤维束松散成微纤维(直径50一70A)。卵黄膜纤维束松散程度与胶膜作用时间的长短呈现正的相关性;卵黄膜纤维束松散程度与卵球受精率可能亦具有正的相关性。     

伴刀豆球蛋白A对培养静止软骨细胞形态和DNA合成的影响

培养的静止软骨细胞用ConA处理后,细胞形态从扁平形变成多角形、圆形与球形,同时可以观察到细胞周边存在大量的具有折光特点的细胞外基质。ConA能够完全抑制软骨细胞DNA的合成,LD_(50)为0.4—1.0μg/ml。ConA抑制DNA合成的作用是可逆的。20mmol/L的MeMan能够完全阻断其对软骨细胞形态和DNA合成的影响。     

热休克与ConA激活对T淋巴细胞的双重作用

为模拟天然免疫条件下,病毒等抗原对T淋巴细胞激活同时伴有体温升高的环境,我们建立了人外周血T淋巴细胞体外激活和热休克的模型。热休克对ConA激活细胞中多肽的合成既有协同也有抑制作用。ConA激活细胞受热休克的影响较静止细胞小,而其热休克蛋白(HSP)的诱导合成则较强,为了解HSP在淋巴细胞中的作用提供了线索。     

EFFECT OF TRYPSIN ON LIVER MICROSOMES

The effect of trypsin on the morphology of the rat liver microsomal fraction isolated by differential centrifugation has been investigated. The microsomes were incubated at 37°C and centrifuged thereafter under the conditions of their initial isolation. The trypsin-treated microsomes and the untreated controls were fixed in unbuffered osmium tetroxide and embedded first in gelose and then in methacrylate. In the trypsin-treated microsomes, there was a removal of the ribosomes from the rough vesicles. Parallel chemical determinations showed that the total nitrogen and total phosphorus of the pellet were lowered. Particles, densely stained with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) and homogeneous in appearance, were found within microsome smooth vesicles in a fluffy layer which collects on the top of the microsome pellet. The morphology of these PTA-stained particles remained unchanged after incubation with trypsin.     

内源环化腺苷酸(cAMP)含量变化对卵母细胞成熟的影响

孕酮处理前,冬眠卵内源cAMP平均水平为500 Fmol.左右;处理后cAMP迅速下降,在12小时内下降59%,卵的生殖泡破裂。高温卵或热休克冬眠卵,孕酮刺激后cAMP水平亦下降,生殖泡却未破裂,但在高温卵质中出现依赖“冬眠因子”的促成熟活性物质,而在热休克冬眠卵质中出现不依赖“冬眠因子”的促成熟活性物质。热休克能影响卵的生殖泡破裂,却未影响卵质中MPF的形成。孕酮刺激后引起的卵内cAMP含量下降,只能是卵母细胞成熟的必要条件,而不是唯一的条件。     

蟾蜍抗肿瘤作用研究进展

本文简述蟾蜍的化学成分,主要针对近１５年蟾蜍的抗肿瘤作用机制、蟾蜍及其制剂的抗肿瘤、癌症镇痛、放射增敏作用进行综述,为含蟾蜍的抗肿瘤新药的开发研究提供依据。     

中华大蟾蜍输卵管促受精因子的实验分析

在孕酮作用厂,切除卵巢的中华大蟾蜍输卵管上皮细胞不仅能够使外源移植的卵母细胞在输卵管中正常运行,还保证卵母细胞正常受精。根据输卵管卷曲部分泌物的ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析,存在依赖孕酮的３３ｋＤ蛋白质。经兔抗３３ｋＤ蛋白抗体处理具输卵管分泌物的卵母细胞,受精率受到显著抑制·提示该蛋白有促受精活性。输卵管分泌物介入受精涉及复杂的多种因子。     

MORPHOLOGY OF RIGOR-SHORTENED BOVINE MUSCLE AND THE EFFECT OF TRYPSIN ON PRE- AND POSTRIGOR MYOFIBRILS

Bovine semitendinosus muscles were sampled immediately after death, after 24 hr postmortem with storage at 2°, 16°, or 37°C, and after 312 hr postmortem with storage at 2° and 16°C. A biopsy technique was used to prevent shortening during glutaraldehyde fixation. Postfixation in osmium tetroxide was followed by embedding in an Epon-Araldite mixture. Bovine muscle was supercontracted after 24 hr storage at 27deg; but was only slightly contracted after storage at 16° for 24 hr. Muscle held at 37° for 24 hr was slightly less supercontracted than the 2° muscle. Striking similarities existed between muscles stored at 16° and at 2°C for 312 hr. Both were slightly shortened with narrowed I bands and an area of increased density, probably due to overlap of thin filaments in the middle of the A band. Postmortem shortening was accompanied by banding-pattern changes similar to those predicted for contracting muscle by Huxley and Hanson's sliding filament model. Treatment of myofibrils with 0.05% trypsin resulted in a rapid loss of Z lines and, in supercontracted myofibrils, caused a return of the banding pattern of resting muscle.     

EFFECTS OF SOME PROTEIN AND NUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS ON FERTILIZATION IN VOLVOX CARTERI1

The fertilization process in Volvox involves a series of events described as follows. A sperm bundle produced by the male colony attaches to the female colony. The bundle then dissociates to a cluster of individual sperm prior to formation of a fertilization pore in the sheath of the female colony. Sperm subsequently enter the matrix of the female colony and presumably fertilize the eggs. The protein synthesis inhibitors cycloheximide, chloramphenicol, and puromycin each, blocked fertilization pore formation. The nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors actinomycin D and 5-fluorouracil were also tested. Actinomycin D completely blocked fertilization pore formation, whereas 5-fluorouracil appeared to have no effect. A proposed mechanism of fertilization pore formation is discussed.     

EFFECT OF INHIBITORS ON KINETICS OF INDOLEACETIC ACID OXIDATION

Sacher , Joseph A. (Los Angeles State Coll., Los Angeles, Calif.) Effect of inhibitors on kinetics of indoleacetic acid oxidation. Amer. Jour. Bot. 50(2): 116–122. Illus. 1963.—Kinetic studies of the relative effectiveness of a series of phenolic antioxidants in causing a lag in the oxidation of indoleacetic acid by an enzyme from pods of ‘Kentucky Wonder’ pole beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) support the conclusion that they react with free-radical intermediates within the enzyme-substrate complex, and thus greatly inhibit the rate of enzyme turnover. Investigations with a partially purified enzyme show a dependency upon added manganese for any significant oxidation. The enzyme is inhibited by cyanide, but not by carbon monoxide. Cyanide causes complete inhibition (a lag), followed by partial inhibition. The inactivation of phenolic inhibitor requires oxygen, but may occur anaerobically if traces of peroxide are present, attended by irreversible inactivation of most of the enzyme. In the absence of inhibitor, enzymic inactivation occurs under anaerobic conditions in the presence of indoleacetic acid and 5 × 10^–6 MH₂O₂. These results are construed to indicate that a form of the enzyme active in the presence of H₂O₂ and indoleacetic acid is involved in both inactivation of enzyme and the anaerobic destruction of phenolic inhibitors. The enzymic oxidation of indoleacetic acid and inhibitor inactivation are discussed.     

大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂对棉铃虫幼虫消化生理和生长发育的影响

本研究根据棉铃虫Helicotverpa ormigera(Hubner)幼虫中肠蛋白酶在离体条件下对蛋白酶抑制剂的反应,选择具有较强抑制作用的大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂,以0.21-4.2%(干重)的浓度配入幼虫人工饲料,测定了幼虫短期和长期取食这些饲料引起的中肠类胰蛋白酶、类胰凝乳蛋白酶和总蛋白酶活力的变化和生长抑制效应。短期取食抑制剂的幼虫,中肠弱碱性类胰蛋白酶活力显著增高,在4.2%。浓度下比对照高出21%;强碱性类胰蛋白酶、类胰凝乳蛋白酶和总蛋白酶活力显著降低,生长发育受到明显抑制。长期取食低浓度(0.84%)抑制剂的幼虫,弱碱性类胰蛋白酶和类胰凝乳蛋白酶活力显著增高,强碱性类胰蛋白酶活力显著降低。总蛋白酶活力变化不显著;长期取食高浓度(4.2%)抑制剂的幼虫,强碱性类胰蛋白酶和总蛋白酶活力显著降低,其它酶活力变化不显著。抑制剂随浓度的增高对幼虫生长的抑制作用加强,但浓度高于0.84%后,抑制强度的变化减小。据此作者认为,蛋白酶抑制剂对昆虫抗营养效应在于它对蛋白酶的激活和抑制作用,从而导致各种蛋白酶间的协调性破坏,昆虫消化过程受阻,影响生长发育。     

光和暗对埃及蟾蜍(BUFO REGULARIS)发育中的视网膜的影响(英文)

本文研究了埃及蟾蜍(Bufo regularis Reuss)从早期幼虫到变态结束,光和暗对视网膜的影响。所观察到的对光和暗反应的变化限于色素上皮和光感受细胞。实验动物分四组:1)在亮处固定的对照(CL);2)在暗处固定的对照(CD);3)连续养在暗处的动物(DD);4)连续受光照的动物(LL)。在CD和DD组动物,黑色素颗粒在色素上皮细胞突起(PEP)中的分布限于光感受细胞顶部间之外周区(巩膜方位)。与此相反。在CL和LL组动物,大量黑色素颗粒则分散在视觉细胞外节段和椭球段间色素上皮细胞突起之向心端位置(玻璃体方位)。在这种动物,上皮细胞色素对光和暗反应发生的光机械运动出现在肢芽期以前。新变态小蟾蜍DD组眼球,与其他三组比较起来,色素上皮层相当厚并含有大的脂肪滴。在较晚期,只有DD组动物的一些杆细胞外节段呈现退化现象。其次,这一组中,由于连续缺少光照的结果,眼球之锥细胞数目有明显减少。四组动物的视网膜上也观察到锥细胞的细胞核位置略有不同。     

THE EFFECT OF CALCIUM AND OTHER IONS ON THE AUTOCATALYTIC FORMATION OF TRYPSIN FROM TRYPSINOGEN

Crystalline trypsinogen is completely transformed into trypsin by means of trypsin in the presence of calcium salts. The process follows the course of a pure autocatalytic unimolecular reaction. In the absence of calcium salts, the autocatalytic formation of trypsin from trypsinogen is complicated by the transformation of part of the trypsinogen into an inert protein which cannot be changed into trypsin by any known means. Salts increase or decrease the rate of both reactions so that the ultimate amount of trypsin formed varies with the nature and concentration of the salt used. With equivalent concentrations of salt the percentage of trypsinogen changed into trypsin is greatest in the presence of calcium ion followed in order by strontium; magnesium and sodium; rubidium, ammonium, lithium, and potassium; caesium and barium. With the anions the largest percentage of trypsinogen transformed into trypsin was found with the acetate, sulfate, oxalate, citrate, tartrate, fluoride, and chloride ions followed in order by bromide, nitrate, and iodide. The formation of inert protein is completely suppressed by concentrations of calcium ion greater than 0.02 M.     

外源激素对番茄质膜结合植物凝集素的影响

番茄愈伤组织培养于附加不同激素的 MS 培养基上。经过3次继代培养后,分别从这些愈伤组织分离原生质体,并使之与植物凝集素 ConA 结合。再从原生质体制备质膜。比较在相同膜蛋白含量条件下,质膜上结合~(125)I-ConA。结果表明:在含有2,4-D 的培养基上番茄培养细胞的质膜结合 ConA 的能力保持在很高的水平上。其它生长物质和激动素对细胞表面特性的影响各不相同。     

A STUDY OF THE DIFFUSIBLE FACTOR RELEASED BY THE JELLY OF THE EGG OF THE TOAD, BUFO ARENARUM

Some properties of an essential factor for fertilization released from the oocyte strings of the toad, Bufo arenarum were studied. All the experiments were carried out with a partially purified preparation of this diffusible factor, and the general procedure consisted in assaying under different conditions its capacity to recover the fertilizability of oocytes previously deprived of this active substance. Using this procedure, a test was devised for estimating the diffusible factor activity.
As regards the mechanism of action of this fertilization factor the data reported here are not consistent with the previous assumption that the factor plays its role in fertilization through a simple pH rise of the inseminating medium.
Treatment of the gametes with the diffusible factor before insemination proved to be ineffective to promote fertilization; the factor must be present at the very moment of insemination.