南澳大利亚Officer盆地东部下寒武统Abadiella一新种

描述采用自南澳大利亚Officer盆地东部Manya-6号钻井的下寒武统Ouldburra组的Abadiella三叶虫的一新种－Abadiella officerensis,同时指出Parabadiella是Abadiella的同义名。     

ONTOGENY AND HETEROCHRONY IN THE EARLY CAMBRIAN ORYCTOCEPHALID TRILOBITES CHANGASPIS, DUYUNASPIS AND BALANGIA FROM CHINA

Abstract:  Ontogenies are described for the first time for three species of Early Cambrian oryctocephalid trilobites: the oryctocephaline Changaspis elongata Lee, in Chien and the oryctocarines Duyunaspis duyunensis Chang and Chien, in Zhou et al . and Balangia balangensis Chien from the Balang Formation in eastern Ghuizhou Province, south-west China. The complete protaspid to holaspid ontogeny for Duyunaspis duyunensis and incomplete meraspid to holaspid ontogenies for Changaspis elongata and Balangia balangensis are described. The relative degree of ontogenetic variation within the lineage Duyunaspis duyunensis – Balangia balangensis is analysed and indicates that Balangia may have evolved from Duyunaspis by paedomorphosis. Decrease in thoracic segment number and concomitant increase in pygidial segment number in the later genus mirrors the pattern seen in the evolution of another oryctocephalid genus, Arthricocephalus . In both cases, selection was probably targeting an increase in cephalic convexity. This resulted in the evolution of a larger pygidium due to increased elevation of the axis above the substrate. The ontogenetic development of Changaspis provides evidence supporting the view that the Oryctocarinae may be considered as paedomorphic descendants of the Oryctocephalinae.     

ONTOGENY AND RELATIONSHIPS OF THE TRILOBITE PSEUDOPETIGURUS PRANTL AND PŘIBYL

Abstract:  The ontogeny of Pseudopetigurus deprati Turvey et al ., 2006 from the Ordovician Dawan Formation (Arenigian), Anhui Province, South China, is described. The presence of an anterior cranidial border in Pseudopetigurus is recognized for the first time. On account of the short (tr.), spindle-shaped anterior border, and the distinct, steeply inclined, wall-like pygidial margin, Pseudopetigurus is assigned to the family Dimeropygidae, the first genus of this family endemic to Gondwana. It has previously been regarded as a member of family Isocolidae. Cladistic analysis of species assigned to Dimeropygidae supports the monophyly of a clade including Dimeropyge , Dimeropygiella , Ischyrotoma , Pseudohystricurus and Pseudopetigurus , which may represent a subfamily Dimeropyginae. The distribution of Dimeropyginae shows a predominantly palaeotropical distribution, while the Gondwana Pseudopetigurus must have diverged from the dimeropygine common ancestor in pre-Arenigian time.     

贵州寒武纪杷榔组Changaspis elongata Chien,1961个体发育研究及意义

根据采自贵州剑河辣子寨杷榔组的张氏虫Changaspis 296块标本,采用传统形态测量方法,对头部及躯干特征进行度量;结合散点图、简化主轴回归分析及线性拟合对比分析后,确认这些标本均为长形张氏虫Chang-aspis elongata的标本,厘定出从分节6期至成虫期共计12个连续个体发育序列,揭示其形态变化特点。从分节6期至10期,背壳长、头鞍长、头盖长和宽的增长幅度相对小;随着体节的增多,头盖长度与背壳长度的比值从50%减少至34%;随着头鞍长度的增长,头鞍前部及后部宽均呈线性关系的连续增长趋势;个体发育序列确认该种成虫期有17节胸节,不同以往认为的16节胸节。对比分析及线性拟合的数据比较论证,确认原为C.micropyge和C.placenta 2个种的特征应为C.elongata在个体发育变化中的种内差异,确认先前命名的这2种应为C.elongata的晚出同义名。     

贵州下寒武统牛蹄塘生物群中海绵新材料

描述了贵州下寒武统牛蹄塘生物群中海绵化石1新属(Zunyispongiagen.nov.),2新种(Zunyispongiatriangulariagen.etsp.nov.,Choiafanensis.sp.nov.),通过对其形态功能的分析和讨论证实了寒武纪早期海绵动物的骨骼是由细小骨针向粗大骨针演变,骨架结构从不稳定型向稳定型发展。     

贵州金沙寒武系牛蹄塘组的古盘虫类三叶虫

贵州金沙寒武系牛蹄塘组产出大量古盘虫类三叶虫化石,包括分离头盖、尾部和完整背甲。依据标本中具分类鉴定意义的构造特征的测量数据比值并线性拟合,结合形态学特征、个体发育趋势等特点分析,认为Tsunyidiscus armatus和Tsunyidiscus niutitangensis两个三叶虫种是有效的,支持以尾部肋区分节差异作为两个种种征判别标志。本项研究可为厘定贵州金沙地区三叶虫Tsunyidiscus序列提供可靠证据。     

THE UPPER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITE OLENUS AT ANDRARUM,SWEDEN: A CASE OF ITERATIVE EVOLUTION?

Abstract:  The morphological changes in four species-level lineages of the Late Cambrian trilobite Olenus from the Alum Shale at Andrarum, south-east Scania, Sweden, have been analysed with the aim of re-examining the classical study of iterative evolution by Kaufmann (1933 a ). New material comprising 647 pygidia was collected for a restudy of Olenus , and for comparison the skeletal development of 918 cephala and 568 pygidia from the associated Homagnostus obesus were included. The re-examination shows that (1) only pygidia of the O. transversus – O. truncatus – O. wahlenbergi lineage display a statistically significant directional change towards a narrower shape; (2) all other lineages, including the agnostids, show net morphological stasis; (3) hence iterative directional evolution cannot be confirmed. Based on morphological investigations it is tempting to conclude that the lineage O. transversus – O. truncatus – O. wahlenbergi represents just one species displaying gradual morphological changes. Whether this is an evolutionary or an ecophenotypic phenomenon remains uncertain. The vertical distributions of olenids and agnostids are compared by using vanadium/(vanadium + nickel) ratios from the Olenus Zone of the nearby Gislövshammar-2 drill-core. It appears that incursions of olenids were linked to increases in bottom-water oxygen levels and that Homagnostus obesus was tolerant of lower dysoxia than olenids.     

Morphology and ontogeny of the eodiscoid trilobite Sinodiscus changyangensis from the lower Cambrian of South China

Abstract: A large number of complete specimens together with numerous disarticulated sclerites of the eodiscinid trilobite Sinodiscus changyangensis Zhang in Zhou et al., 1977 have been collected from the lower Cambrian Shuijingtuo Formation in Changyang, Hubei Province, South China. An ontogenetic series is established based on the immature and mature exoskeletons including the previously unknown protaspides and meraspides, in particular. No further substages can be differentiated in the protaspid specimens herein. Changes that took place during the meraspid period include the addition of postcephalic segments and prominent pygidial larval notches in early meraspid development which became progressively less distinct and disappeared in degree 2. Two holaspid stages are recognized based on the addition of a new pygidial segment, indicating that the start of the holaspid phase preceded the onset of the epimorphic phase and accordingly, its developmental mode is attributed to the protarthrous pattern. The trunk segmentation schedule of S. changyangensis is discussed, which is similar to other primitive eodiscoid trilobites, that is, as the boundary between the thorax and pygidium migrated posteriorly, there is no change in the number of the trunk segments. The processes of liberation of the thoracic segment and segment insertion into the pygidium are separated from one another, and the two different mechanisms, somitogenesis and tagmosis, progress independently during the ontogenetic development of the postcephalic region of these primitive eodiscinids.     

AQUATIC BIRDS FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS (LOWER CAMPANIAN) OF SWEDEN AND THE BIOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION OF HESPERORNITHIFORMS

Abstract:  Isolated skeletal elements of three hesperornithiform taxa are recorded from marine strata of latest early Campanian ( sensu germanico ) age in the Kristianstad Basin, southern Sweden. The material comprises Hesperornis rossicus Nessov and Yarkov, one of the largest Mesozoic aquatic birds known to date, Hesperornis sp. and Baptornis sp. The holotype (a dorsal vertebra) of Parascaniornis stensioei Lambrecht is re-examined, and the nominal species is here considered as a nomen dubium because no diagnostic features can be found that separate the type from dorsals of Baptornis advenus . The distribution and palaeobiology of hesperornithiforms are reviewed.     

论寒武纪三叶虫定远虫与双岛虫

新材料表明定远虫(Tingyuania)和双岛虫(Dinesus)这两个三叶虫属足有效的,前者并不是后者的晚出异名.双岛虫类的地质延限被下延至传统早寒武世晚期的清虚洞组.补允描述首次发现的定远虫的尾部,并描述双岛虫的一新种.     

THE EXTRAORDINARY TRILOBITE FENESTRASPIS (DALMANITIDAE, SYNPHORIINAE) FROM THE LOWER DEVONIAN OF BOLIVIA

Abstract:  The hitherto poorly known, monotypic trilobite genus Fenestraspis from the Lower Devonian of Bolivia is revised and its original assignment to the Synphoriinae supported. The thoracic morphology of the genus remains very poorly known. Fenestraspis is morphologically unusual because of the development of extensive fenestrae in the pleural region of the pygidium and apparently of the thorax; the presence of upwardly directed spines on the cephalon, thorax and pygidium; and the exceptionally large and highly elevated eyes with the palpebral rim projecting outwards above the visual surface. The function of the fenestrae remains uncertain. If they formed openings in the body of the trilobite in life they may have allowed circulation of oxygenated water to the limb exites so that respiration could have been maintained while the trilobite was enrolled. If they were covered with a flexible membrane, they may have been secondary respiratory structures or had a sensory function. The Synphoriinae is regarded as a subfamily of the Dalmanitidae rather than as an independent family of the Dalmanitoidea as proposed by some authors. The type species of the poorly known monotypic genus Dalmanitoides from the Lower Devonian of Argentina is illustrated photographically for the first time and compared with Fenestraspis .     

贵州遵义松林黑沙坡早寒武世牛蹄塘生物群中镇巴虫的发现

贵州遵义松林中南村黑沙坡下寒武统牛蹄塘生物群下部层位产有大型三叶虫,计有2属3种,1未定种：Zhenbaspis subconica S. G Zhang in Lu et al. , 1974, Z. longa Zhou in Lee et al. , 1975 ; Zhenbaspis sp. , Runnania similis Lee in Yin et Lee, , 1978, 确认 Zhenbaspis (Zhenxiongaspis) Lin et Yin in Yin et Lee, 1978,为 Zhenbastn‘sChang et Chu in Lu et al. ,1974的同义名。探讨Zhenbaspis的古地理分布及演化趋势。论文还描述与Zhenbaspis,Runnania共生的Tsunyidiscus及Mianxiandiscus,其中Mianxiandiscus产于下生物群即牛蹄塘组近底部,再次证实牛蹄塘下生物群的时代早于澄江生物群。     

Moulting,ontogeny and sexual dimorphism in the Cambrian ptychopariid trilobite Strenuaeva inflata from the northern Swedish Caledonides

Abstract: Three thousand seven hundred disarticulated remains together with several articulated specimens of the Cambrian Series 2 ptychopariid trilobite Strenuaeva inflata Ahlberg and Bergström, 1978 have been collected from the Torneträsk area, northern Sweden. The material provides significant new data on the morphology, ontogeny, moulting and enrolment of the species. Two distinct morphotypes, possibly an expression of sexual dimorphism, are recognized. The morph with a pair of bulbs in the frontal area, interpreted as brood pouches, is considered to represent females. Statistical treatment of the length/width ratio in cranidia reveals isometric growth during ontogeny for both morphotypes. The transition from the meraspid to holaspid ontogenetic period has been established through recognition of the successive development of the number of thoracic segments in articulated late meraspides. Throughout its life cycle, S. inflata went through 11 meraspid degrees and at least 17 holaspid growth stages. Inferred moult ensembles and exuviae reveal the successive opening of cephalic sutures and the function of the rostral plate during exuviation. As in other ellipsocephalid trilobites in which enrolment is known, the pygidium and two or three thoracic segments of S. inflata are concealed beneath the cephalon (spiral enrolment) during complete enrolment.     

广西靖西寒武纪三叶虫Tamdaspis jingxiensis sp.nov.的个体发育及畸形

描述采自广西靖西果乐剖面三都组一三叶虫新种Tamdaspis jingxiensis sp.nov.,根据该种三叶虫完整标本的背壳特征,认为Liushuicephalus Luo,1983是Tamdaspis Lisogor,1977的晚出异名。同时描述T.jingxiensis sp.nov.的个体发育过程和两块畸形标本,并认为该畸形是因被捕食者咬伤而形成的。     

云南澄江早寒武世黑林铺组软体动物太阳女神螺

云南澄江及梅树村早寒武世黑林铺组（玉案山段及石岩头段）的帽形化石,被命名为云南太阳女神螺（新种）,这是澄江生物群内软体动物化石的初次发现。根据梅树村及澄江的地层层位,该种由梅树村阶上部可延至筇竹寺阶,玉案山段软体动物稀少的原因与环境的波动,如潮汐影响近海沉积环境有关。     

河南方城下寒武统辛集组的两种腹足类化石

本文对采自河南方城杨楼剖面下寒武统辛集组的腹足类化石进行了研究,由于发现了一些在分类上较为重要的构造和壳饰特征,故而对以往的描述作了补充和修正。     

陕南早寒武世ANABARITES壳体内部结构及亲缘关系探讨

陕南灯影组宽川铺段的小壳化石具完好的三维保存方式。Anabarites是三辐射对称、单管底栖群居生物,亲缘关系不明。作者通过对陕南宁强下寒武统宽川铺段进行数次系统采样,经过对样品的醋酸溶蚀处理和电子扫描电镜照像后,发现Anabarites壳体内部具螺旋状微结构;经测试分析后认为该结构可能与中槽的深浅成正相关,两者的形成可能与微环境中水体的变化有关。探讨其可能的亲缘关系及其演化序列。     

新疆下寒武统玉尔吐斯组软舌螺口盖和口盖状化石

文中系统描述了新疆乌什－阿克苏地区下寒武统玉尔吐斯组软舌螺口盖和口盖状化石５属７种,其中包括２新属３新种。Ｘｙｓｔｒｉｔｈｅｃａ的口盖具有复杂的锁骨构造,Ｐａｃｈｙｔｈｅｃａ的口盖有明显的背腹扇面之分,它们与具口唇的软舌螺Ｍｉｃｒｏｃｏｒｎｕｓ共生。这些演化上较高级的软舌螺与原牙形类Ｊｉａｎｇｓｈａｎｏｄｕｓ,Ｇａｐｐａｒｏｄｕｓ,Ａｍｐｈｉｇｅｉｓｉｎａ;假牙形类Ｒｈｏｍｂｏｃｏｒｎｉｃｕｌｕｍ     

安徽东至寒武纪早期三叶虫动物群

描述了采自皖南东至庞汪剖面和潘冲剖面黄柏岭组和大陈岭组中的三叶虫,共计9种8属和1亚属,其中Chuchiaspis dongzhiensissp.nov.是1新种;认为TingyuaniaSunetChang,1937是DinesusEtheridge,1896的晚出异名。     

安徽淮南寒武纪一新三叶虫属——Huaiaspis

安徽淮南八公山地区寒武纪毛庄-徐庄期地层出露良好,化石丰富。在老鹰山剖面徐庄组底部的紫色页岩内所采集大量三叶虫标本中发现的一种新的三叶虫,命名为Huaiaspishuainanensisgen.etsp.nov.,它代表了一个尚未描记的且科级分类位置待定的新属新种。该三叶虫特点突出,是头部特征极度消隐且不具眼、眼叶、眼脊的“盲三叶虫”。该三叶虫为小尾型后颊类,主要特征为:壳面光滑,背壳呈次椭圆形,头盖半圆形;头鞍呈钟形向前收缩;背沟浅,仅在侧光下可见;活动颊平滑宽大,具有宽阔的活动颊刺;胸部由14节组成;尾部中轴粗壮,无边缘沟。