经长时间低温处理后由电刺激诱发的猪心室肌细胞持续性节律活动

用17个猪心研究了经长时(24-96小时)低温处理后,心室肌由电刺激诱发的节律性电活动。经48小时以上冷藏后,心室肌静息电位只有-20mV。单纯复温很难使静息电位增高.施与连续电刺激(1次/秒)时,心室肌标本中有些部分可发生局部反应。局部反应随时间而增大,同时静息电位也随之增高,并可出现可传播的动作电位。这种电位的特点是在复极化后有明显的超极化现象。在超极化不断加深后可产生后去极化。后去极化的不断增高达到一定程度时,就突然诱发出持续性节律活动.最初呈低电位节律活动,其动作电位呈慢反应型.最大舒张期电位(E_(max))为-52±3mV,动作电位总幅度(E_t)为55±7mV,dv/dt_(max)在10v/sec以下.这种节律活动频率较快并匀齐,可持续数小时之久.低电位自发节律有向高电位节律活动转变的倾向。高电位节律活动可由低电位节律演变而来,也可在较短时冷藏(24-48小时)后,由电刺激直接诱发产生。其主要条件是静息电位较大(负于—60mV).高电位节律活动是快反应型动作电位,E_(max)为—62±19mV,E_t为81±23mV,dv/dt_(max)在40V/sec与90V/sec之间。当动作电位超过90mV以上时,节律缓慢而不匀齐。有时在动作电位超过100mV或更高时,超极化及后去极化均消失,而皇“正常”心室肌动作电位图形。     

大鼠心室肌对低温的耐受性及触发活动的产生

用标准微电极技术记录大鼠心室肌经低温处理1～3d后某些电学性质的变化。低温处理后的标本,复温到36±1℃后,动作电位幅度无明显改变,但动作电位时程(APD_(90))显著延长。快速驱动(10～30Hz)可使低温处理标本产生迟后去极化(DAD)和触发活动(TA)。并且驱动频率越高,持续时间越长,所引起的DAD幅度越大,越易发生TA。无K~ 灌流、哇巴因1～4×10~(-5)mol/L以及咖啡碱7.1～14.2×10~3mol/L处理可使低温处理标本产生DAD和TA。结果表明,大鼠心室肌细胞能耐受较长时间的低温处理。但经处理后,心室肌的某些电学性质发生改变,它们对能引起细胞内Na~ 或Ca~(2 )增加的因素更为敏感,更易产生DAD及TA。     

苯肾上腺素对豚鼠和兔离体心室乳头肌的作用

在心得安(1μM)阻断β-受体的情况下,本文通过观察苯肾上腺素(PE)对豚鼠和兔心室乳头肌动作电位及收缩的作用,探讨了心脏α-受体兴奋引起正性变力作用的机制。PE(1—16μM)延长豚鼠心室乳头肌动作电位时程(APD),增加兔和豚鼠心室乳头肌的收缩幅度(AC)。PE 在兔心室乳头肌上表现出的正性变力作用比在豚鼠心室肌上显著得多。FE(16μM)加强兔和豚鼠心室乳头肌收缩力的作用可被α_1-受体阻断剂哌唑嗪(Prazosin)(0.3—0.5μM)所取消。然而,在豚鼠心室乳头肌上被PE延长的APD,仅APD_(30)在哌唑嗪作用下有所缩短,而APD_(90)则不受其影响。在高钾(22mM)除极的心室乳头肌,PE(50μM)使 9个兔标本中的8个、8个豚鼠标本中的2个分别恢复慢反应动作电位。这些慢反应动作电位可被哌唑嗪(1μM)或钙通道阻断剂Mn~( )(1mM)所取消或抑制。以上的结果提示心脏α-肾上腺素能受体兴奋引起正性变力作用可能是由于慢内向电流(I_si)的增加。     

豚鼠肠系膜下神经节细胞电活动与结肠运动的关系

在豚鼠肠系膜下神经节(IMG)及其支配的结肠段联合标本上,对IMG细胞内电位与肠段纵肌或环肌舒缩活动进行了同步记录。实验结果表明:(1)肠段预置张力为零时,约50％IMG细胞有自发的快兴奋性突触后电位(EPSP)活动,切断结肠神经或以筒箭毒(50μmol/L)灌流IMG后消失;(2)筒箭毒或低钙高镁溶液阻断神经节传递时,环肌节律性收缩幅度增大,节律变慢,但对纵肌节律性收缩无明显影响,(3)串刺激节前神经,在IMG细胞引起一串快EPSP或动作电位并常跟随迟慢的EPSP,同时,纵肌在0.1-0.2s潜伏期后出现迅速的、时程基本与动作电位串一致的舒张波,后者在筒箭毒灌流IMG后消失,而环肌运动可见舒张、舒张波延长或收缩波增大。结果提示:IMG不仅中继经典的胆碱能传出功能,还参与以胆碱能传递为中介的肠-肠反射,该反射活动的传出效应主要在于抑制环肌收缩。     

牛蛙神经冲动产生和传导的低温效应

在5℃和15℃温度条件下,用牛蛙(Rana catesbeiana)离体坐骨神经标本测定0、24、48、96、120、144、168、192、216 h 9个时段的动作电位波幅和传导速度.结果表明:两个温度下离体坐骨神经的动作电位幅度在0 h和24 h差异均不显著,0 h时相对高温(15℃)下动作电位传导速度大于相对低温(5℃),24 h时两个温度下动作电位的传导速度差异不显著,相对高温下48 h时坐骨神经的兴奋性为零.相对低温条件下,坐骨神经兴奋性能维持7 d时间.     

组胺致豚鼠心室乳头肌早发后去极化和触发活动的研究

采用微电极细胞内记录和电子计算机实时采样技术,研究了组胺致豚鼠心室乳头肌早发后去极化和触发活动。组胺(6.0μmol/L)可使动作电位APD_(50)、APD_(90)明显缩短(数据取自无异常自律性和振荡电位的细胞)。组胺可诱发早发后去极化(发生率57％),振荡电位和触发活动。早发后电位在低频驱动(0.2～1.0Hz)时易于发生且常常伴有动作电位时程的延长。触发活动可表现为快速自发性动作电位(发生率14％)。结果提示,组胺诱发的早发后去极化和触发活动可能和心性过敏反应等疾病发生的快速自律型心律失常有关。     

脂布福吉宁、哇巴因对豚鼠心室肌细胞外K~＋活度及跨膜动作电位的影响

用离子敏感微电极和常规微电极研究脂布福吉宁（Ｒｅｓ）和哇巴因（Ｏｕａ）对豚鼠心室肌细胞外Ｋ＾＋活度和动作电位（ＴＡＰ）的影响。结果表明：Ｒｅｓ可降低静息电位,动作电位振幅、间期,最大上升速率,使ａ＾ｏＫ升高;并诱发延迟性后去极化（ＤＡＤ）;Ｒｅｓ的作用与Ｏｕａ相似;电剌激使Ｋ＾＋在细胞间积累,积累量与频率相关。     

脂布福吉宁、哇巴因对豚鼠心室肌细胞外K~＋活度及跨膜动作电位的影响

用离子敏感微电极和常规微电极研究脂布福吉宁（Ｒｅｓ）和哇巴因（Ｏｕａ）对豚鼠心室肌细胞外Ｋ＋活度（ａ）和动作电位（ＴＡＰ）的影响。结果表明：Ｒｅｓ（２６μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）可降低静息电位,动作电位振幅、间期,最大上升速率,使ａ升高;并诱发延迟性后去极化（ＤＡＤ）;Ｒｅｓ的作用与Ｏｕａ（２μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）相似;电刺激使Ｋ＋在细胞间积累,积累量与频率相关。     

牛磺酸对缺氧培养下视网膜神经节细胞株RGC-5的保护效应

目的:观察牛磺酸(Taurine)对缺氧(Hypoxia)条件下大鼠视网膜神经节细胞株RGC-5存活的影响.方法:将RGC-5置于缺氧条件(5%O2,5%CO2,90%N2)下培养12 h、24 h和48 h,观察不同浓度牛磺酸(0.01mM、0.1mM和1mM)对RGC-5形态、乳酸脱氢酶(Lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)释放率以及细胞凋亡的影响.结果:RGC-5经缺氧处理后部分细胞皱缩、变圆和脱落,LDH释放率升高,其中12h,24h和48hLDH释放率分别为(11.57±2.08)%,(17.76±3.96)%和(46.95±6.70)%,而牛磺酸处理组LDH释放率均降低,其中0.1mM牛磺酸作用最显著,12h,24h和48h缺氧后LDH释放率分别为(7.76±2.00)%,(9.14±2.99)%和(27.15±5.14)%;RGC-5缺氧24h后凋亡细胞显著增加(16.20±2.82)%,而0.1mM牛磺酸处理组凋亡率较低(8.90±1.54)%.结论:牛磺酸对缺氧条件下RGC-5具有明显的保护作用.     

迷走神经对家兔在体心脏心室肌细胞跨膜电位的影响

本研究观察了电刺激迷走神经对家兔在体心脏心室肌细胞跨膜电位的作用及钾通道阻滞剂氯化四乙基铵对这一作用的影响。结果表明,在自然心率条件下,迷走神经刺激可使静息电位(RP)、动作电位振幅(APA)和0相最大上升速率(dv/dt)_(max)增加,动作电位时程(APD)缩短。冠脉注射氯化四乙基铵使心室肌细胞复极过程明显延长,迷走神经刺激不再引起 RP、APA 增大,动作电位时程不再缩短,(dv/dt)_(max)反而减小。这些结果提示,迷走神经刺激对正常心室肌细胞跨膜电位的影响可能是通过外向 K~ 流增加引起的。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.