圈养林麝脓肿病病原菌分离鉴定及药敏分析

目的 确定林麝化脓性疾病的主要病原菌,寻找有效的治疗措施(药物).方法 采用3种培养基对28个人工饲养的发病林麝脓灶进行病原菌的分离培养、细菌革兰氏染色、镜检,然后对分离病原菌进行16S rRNA 基因PCR扩增及测序分析鉴定,再进一步用BIOLOG自动微生物鉴定系统对3种可疑菌进行生理生化鉴定,用昆明小鼠分组进行系列病理实验,最后用纸片扩散法测定病原菌对22种抗生素的敏感性.结果 脓灶中共分离到12种细菌,其中化脓隐秘杆菌Arcanobacterium pyogenes、绿脓杆菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa、蜡状芽孢杆菌Bacillus cereus的检出率分别为100.0%、21.4%、14.3%,其他菌的检出率较低.用BIOLOG自动微生物鉴定系统鉴定结果与16S rRNA鉴定结果完全一致;小鼠致病性实验中进行了脓液培养后注射,分离到单菌鉴定后进一步分别注射,剖检后进行接种划线鉴定并得到与注射前相同的病菌,确定了这几种菌均具有较强的致病性;药敏实验最终确定针对化脓隐秘杆菌的有效药物为环丙沙星,对这3种病菌的有效药物为克林霉素、环丙沙星.结论 初步确定林麝脓肿病主要是由于化脓隐秘杆菌原发感染,进而引起其他病菌的继发感染和混合感染,最终导致病重死亡;环丙沙星等为敏感药物.     

2005年沈阳地区股癣患者发病情况及致病菌分析

股癣是一种世界范围内广泛发生的真菌感染性疾病。为人体最常见的浅部真菌病之一。其病原菌的构成与分布存在地区与环境的差异。掌握它的发病情况及病原菌的分布特点对科学预防和治疗该病具有一定的指导意义。我们对2005年来本科就诊的股癣患者进行观察,现将结果报道如下。     

乌头根腐病病原菌的分离与鉴定

【背景】四川江油地区栽培乌头极易发生根腐病,植株染病后枯萎死亡,最终影响药材产量。因发病因素和致病菌多样,乌头根腐病的防治向来困难。【目的】鉴定四川江油地区栽培乌头根腐病病原菌,为病害诊断和防治提供理论基础。【方法】采用组织分离法进行病原菌分离;按照Koch’s法则对分离的病菌进行致病性验证;通过形态学观察和真菌r DNA-ITS序列分析,鉴定病原菌种类。【结果】从具有根腐病症状的乌头根部分离得到47株真菌,其中菌株GF3-3、GF3-6和GF6-1是乌头根腐病的致病菌;通过形态特征结合rDNA-ITS序列分析将菌株GF3-3、GF3-6和GF6-1分别鉴定为Fusariumsolani、F.oxysporum和F.proliferatum。【结论】茄腐镰刀菌(F.solani)、尖孢镰刀菌(F. oxysporum)和层出镰刀菌(F. proliferatum)是乌头根腐病的主要病原菌,其中层出镰刀菌引起乌头患根腐病为首次报道。     

1275株临床感染病原菌的鉴定和临床分析

目的：研究临床感染性疾病病原菌的分类和菌群分布特点,探讨临床感染的发病机制和防护措施。方法：按《全国临床检验操作规程》分离培养,用法国Bio Mericux的Vite-ATB仪和API系统鉴定菌种。结果：1275株病原菌分37属95种,其中革兰阴性（G^-）杆菌(56.5%）,革兰阳性（G^ ）球菌(25.3%）,酵母样菌（15.8%）。病原菌的主要来源是呼吸道感染、泌尿生殖道感染、手术和伤口感染及菌血症。G^-杆菌以铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和鲍曼不动杆菌为主;G^ 球菌以溶血葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和粪肠球菌较常见。结论：呼吸道感染,泌尿生殖道感染,手术和和伤口感染及菌血症是临床感染的主要类型,低毒性的条件致病菌和正常菌群成为感染性疾病的主要病原菌。     

喀麦隆芋艿根腐病病原菌鉴定

从采自喀麦隆没地区的芋艿病根及田土中分离菌株,分别从雅温得和巴马约分离到的腐霉菌株ＸＰＭＹ和ＸＰＭＭ１,根据其形态学及生理学特征鉴定为群结腐霉Ｐｙｔｈｉｕｍ ｍｙｒｉｏｔｙｌｕｍ,用上述腐菌株的注重动孢子县液或菌丝体片断悬液人工接种,表现叶黄黄化及根共型症状。肜经各结腐霉的立估丝Ｒｈｉｚｏｃｔｏｎｉａ ｓｏｌａｎｉ及茄镰孢Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍ ｓｏｌａｎｉ人工接种后均表现症状。研究结果表明：群结腐霉Ｐ     

股癣合并萎缩纹发病情况分析

股癣是临床常见皮肤病，因其部位特殊，又瘙痒难忍，带给患者许多痛苦和不便。由于用药的随意性，临床上发现股癣合并萎缩纹的情况较多，现分析如下。 1一般资料 112例股癣患者均来自我院2004—2007年皮肤科门诊。其中男性102例，女性10例；年龄13—72岁，平均36岁；病程3d-2a，平均10d。所有病例中有68例来我院治疗前曾自行应用1—2种激素类软膏，且使用时间超过2个月。所有病例中不包括妊娠、哺乳期妇女，体重速增者，Cushing综合征患者。     

汗孔角化症误诊为股癣1例

1 临床资料 患者男,28岁,因臀部多发皮疹10余年于2012年4月至我院门诊就诊.患者10余年前无明显诱因于臀部出现绿豆大红色皮疹,皮疹逐渐增多,面积渐扩大,有轻微痒感,未行特殊诊治.今年3月就诊于外院,诊断不详,予外用"雷公藤软膏",致皮疹糜烂破溃,表面较多脓性分泌物.     

四株抗荔枝病原菌的芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定

荔枝果树根际土壤中筛选出4株芽孢杆菌OR-1、OR-2、OR-3、ON-6,都显示出抗荔枝病原菌的活性。采取对该菌株形态特征、培养特征、生理生化特征和遗传特性进行研究的方法,结果表明菌株与枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)的特征一致;将4菌株的16S rDNA序列在GenBank中进行序列比对,结果亦显示其与Bacillus subtilis的16S rDNA的序列片段的相似性均达99%以上;以相似性为基础构建系统进化树,分析表明菌株与Bacillus subtilis同源关系最近。最终得出结论为菌株OR-1、OR-2、OR-3、ON-6为枯草芽孢杆菌。     

320例腹泻患者病原菌分离及流行病学分析

目的了解广州市2009年至2010年肠道门诊就诊的细菌性腹泻患者病原谱的分布情况,为制定针对重点人群肠道传染病防治策略提供依据。方法收集2009年5月至2010年5月暨南大学附属第一医院腹泻患者的粪便标本,使用卡-布运送培养基,增菌培养后,采用生化反应和氧化酶试验进行菌株鉴定,并用梅里埃API生化板条进行验证,用病原菌诊断血清进行细菌分型。结果从320份粪便标本中分离到38株菌株,其中沙门菌15株,产毒大肠埃希菌12株,致病大肠埃希菌6株,志贺菌2株,出血性大肠埃希菌、霍乱弧菌、气单胞菌各1株。0—20岁年龄段高发,以1岁以内婴幼儿为主;7—10月为发病高峰期。结论来该院肠道门诊就诊的细菌性腹泻患者,其病原体以沙门菌为主,其次为产毒大肠埃希菌。因此．广州地区细菌件腹泻的预防．廊右针对件的面向雷占人群和重占病厢莴．     

微生物鉴定系统在肠道病原菌检测中的应用

目的建立简便、快速、系统的病原菌生化检测方法。方法通过应用ATB微生物鉴定系统对112株可疑肠道病原菌菌株进行检测分析,并与国家标准法结合鉴定。结果ATB微生物鉴定系统在112株可疑肠道病原菌菌株中检测出肠道病原菌66株,鉴定结果与国家标准法结果一致,而对常规检测不能确定的37菌株也能给出明确的鉴定结果。结论该系统操作简便、快速,缩短了鉴定周期,提高了鉴定效率,检测范围广,可以作为肠道致病菌检测常规方法的辅助工具,有利于病原菌的快速检出。     

Isolation of dermatophytes from clinically normal sites in patients with tinea cruris

Sixty patients clinically suspected of tinea cruris were studied by collecting skin scrapings from the site of their lesions and six clinically normal sites including the thighs, scrotum, crural clefts, natal cleft and the web between their 4th and 5th toes. Dermatophytes were detected in scrapings in 46 (77%) and by culture in 36 (60%) patients from lesions. Trichophyton rubrum was isolated from 32 and Epidermophyton floccosum from 4 patients. Dermatophytes were also isolated with maximum isolation from the scrotum, crural clefts and the natal cleft in that order. Thus, when tinea cruris is treated with topical antifungal agents they should be applied also to the potential carriage sites to prevent recurrence.     

Dematiaceous fungal pathogens isolated from nature

This study was conducted to demonstrate the presence of pathogenic dematiaceous fungi in nature. Using hamster and mouse inoculation techniques, 43 isolates of dematiaceous fungi were recovered from 39 samples of woody plant material and soil from the Virginia environment. Thirteen species were identified and included 4 Phialophora spp., 3 Cladosporium spp., 2 Exophiala spp., Sporothrix sp., Wangiella dermatitidis, Bispora betulina, and Scytalidium lignicola. Evidence is presented for the first isolations of C. trichoides from nature in the United States; these isolates proved to be pathogenic for mice in which they produced disease and death in a course similar to that seen in man. Natural isolates of Phialophora verrucosa, Phialophora repens, Exophiala jeanselmei, and Wangiella dermatitidis were identical to those species isolated from man using the following criteria: morphology, 12% gelatin reaction, and survival in laboratory animals.     

硝酸舍他康唑乳膏每日1次疗法治疗股癣疗效观察

目的 观察舍他康唑乳膏1次/d疗法治疗股癣的效果与安全性.方法 将参与试验的股癣患者随机分组,试验组每晚1次外用舍他康唑乳膏,对照组早晚各1次外用舍他康唑乳膏,连续用药4周,于治疗前、用药2周、4周及停药后2周分别进行症状和体征评分.结果 治疗结束和停药2周时,两组的临床疗效无显著差异(P＞0.05).治疗2周时试验组和对照组的真菌清除率分别为82.6％和92.5％,有显著差异(P＜0.05);治疗结束和停药2周时试验组的真菌清除率分别为95.9％和97.3％,对照组分别为96.4％和98.6％,均无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论 舍他康唑乳膏1次/d疗法治疗股癣疗效好,简便易行,安全性高.     

怀柔区体股癣患者流行病学分析及就诊前用药调查

由于近年来滥用外用皮质类固醇激素(以下简称激素)现象严重,豢养猫、犬等宠物的家庭日渐增多,以及北方气候变暖等原因,京郊地区体、股癣等浅部真菌病呈逐年上升趋势。怀柔区位于北京东北部,地处燕山南麓,山区为88.7%,境内最高点海拔1705米,最低点海拔仅34米,属暖温带大陆性季风     

盐酸布替萘芬乳膏治疗体、股癣,手、足癣60例疗效观察

目的观察1%盐酸布替萘芬乳膏治疗60例浅部真菌病疗效。方法进行治疗前、后临床疗效和真菌疗效评价。结果临床疗效评价和真菌疗效评价,总有效率分别为96.67%和96.7%。结论1%盐酸布替萘芬乳膏治疗浅表真菌病疗效良好。     

煤附生真菌产漆酶菌株的分离鉴定及产酶特性研究

从煤炭样品中筛选到一株产漆酶活性菌株,经菌体形态观察和ITS序列分析,鉴定为Trichoderma asperellum W03。菌株所产漆酶的最适反应pH为3.5-4.5,最适反应温度45℃,类似于白腐真菌漆酶。液态发酵条件的均匀设计实验表明,适宜的发酵培养基组成为:土豆200.00g/L、葡萄糖9.36g/L、米糠粉37.44g/L、硝酸钾4.00g/L、KH2PO43.20g/L、MgSO4·7H2O2.00g/L、CuSO4·5H2O0.005g/L、初始pH8.0;在33℃、180r/min、50mL/250mL的摇瓶培养条件下,棘孢木霉W03在孢子接种培养后48h、84h产酶量较高,分别处在菌体的快速生长期和衰亡期;菌体产酶受Cu2+、联苯胺诱导,而受1-萘酚、愈创木酚和2,4-D抑制。     

萘替芬酮康唑乳膏治疗股癣疗效观察

目的观察萘替芬酮康唑乳膏治疗股癣疗效和安全性。方法将160例患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组外用萘替芬酮康唑乳膏;对照组外用硝酸咪康唑乳膏,均早晚各涂一次。用药2周及停药3周后分别进行临床疗效和真菌学疗效评价。结果治疗2周时治疗组有效率为92.50%,而对照组有效率为76.25%,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗2周时真菌清除率治疗组97.50%,对照组87.50%,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。停药3周时治疗组有效率为96.25%,对照组有效率为75.00%,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。停药3周时真菌学清除率治疗组97.50%,对照组85.00%,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。无明显不良反应发生。结论萘替芬酮康唑乳膏治疗股癣安全有效。     

Enhanced biofilm-production in pathogens isolated from patients with rare metabolic disorders

Biofilm-producing bacteria were isolated from the urine of 19 patients with very rare metabolic disorders including: hyperlactacidaemia (8 cases), sugar intolerance and gammopathy (1 case), cystinuria (2 cases), Parkinson's disease (1 case), lipidaemia (2 cases), hyperaminoaciduria (1 case) and others (4 cases). A total of 34 strains were collected, Gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms were equally distributed among the slime-producing bacteria, with a prevalence of Staphylococcus epidermidis (30%) the most frequent microorganism isolated together with Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis that accounted for 15% of this group of strains. A quantitative assay of the biofilm production revealed that in Gram-positive pathogens it was three times greater than that observed in bacteria collected from patients not affected by metabolic diseases (p = 0.0001). In Gram-negative strains the biofilm synthesis was 2.2 times higher than those detected in the same bacteria isolated in the absence of metabolic disorders (p = 0.0033). The results observed indicate that biofilm production is enhanced in bacteria isolated from the urine of patients with metabolic disorders. It is suggested that unusual metabolites might facilitate pathogen production of biofilm found in the urine of these patients.     

Identification of fungal pathogens associated with grapevine trunk using fluorescent-labelled ribosomal DNA probe

Detection and identification of fungal pathogens associated with grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are often difficult and laborious. The aim of the study is to develop a simple and time-saving protocol for the identification of a broad range of fungal species causing GTDs by fragment length analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions 1 and 2 and the large subunit D2 hypervariable region of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA). A total of 32 fungal isolates from declining vines and six type strains, representing 19 different species was included in this study. The majority of the fungi had unique species-specific PCR products ranging from 212 to 370 bp (ITS1), 332 to 428 bp (ITS2) and 320 to 325 bp (LSU-D2), and the combination of three regions identifies all pathogenic fungi tested. The protocol proposed here provides a highly sensitive, reliable and rapid identification method for a broad range of significant grapevine fungal trunk pathogens.     

Hydrophobic and adhesive capacity of Candida strains isolated from patients with fungal infection

The aim of this study was to evaluate hydrophobicity of fungal strains of Candida sp. isolated from clinical materials of patients with fungal infections. Two hundred and eighty one strains of C. albicans and 29 strains belonging to the other species of Candida were tested in salt aggregation test (SAT). Strong hydrophobicity (autoaggregation in the test) was found in 29.4% of tested strains. The majority of them was isolated from vagina. In 20 randomly selected strains hydrophobicity was measured not only by salt aggregation test but also by hydrophobic interaction chromatography (MIC). The ability to attach to buccal epithelial cells in vitro was compared between 50 strongly hydrophobic strains and 30 with low hydrophobicity. The former strains attached significantly stronger (p less than 0.001).