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1.
J. Kovoor 《Insectes Sociaux》1969,16(3):195-233
Sans résuméI., voirInsectes Sociaux, V, no 4, 1958.  相似文献   

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Résumé ChezPodisus maculiventris, les recherches ont montré qu'en règle générale, les activités enzymatiques au niveau du tube digestif augmentent progressivement lorsque les larves atteignent le dernier stade. Le profil enzymatique des adultes, ressemble à celui des larves du 5e stade et est presque identique pour les deux sexes. Dans presque tous les cas on a observé qu'il y a un parallélisme entre le système enzymatique des larves et celui des adultes d? probablement au fait que tous les stades du prédateur se nourrissent avec le même type de nourriture. Cependant, l'arsenal enzymatique du tube digestif de prédateur semble être très riche en activités phosphatasiques, estérasiques, aminopeptidasiques et osidasiques.
Summary Twenty enzymatic activities of the gut tissues of nymphs and adults ofPodisus maculiventris (Say) have been determined using mainly the API ZYM? micromethod. The activities registered increased progressively when the nymphs reached the last instar. The zymogrammes of the adults are almost identical to those obtained from the 5th-instar nymphs and almost no differences were recorded between the two sexes. From the recorded values it seems that there are a lot of similarities between the enzymatic system of nymphs and adults, due, very probably, to their identical feeding regimen. The enzymatic equipment of the gut tissues of this predator was found to be rich in phosphatase, esterase, aminopeptidase and carbohydrase activities.
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Les larves et les adultes de la bruche du haricot se nourrissent de deux types d'aliments différents, mais proches en ce qui concerne la composition en hydrates de carbone: les larves consomment des graines de Phaseolus vulgaris et P. coccineus, les adultes s'alimentent principalement avec le pollen de diverses plantes.L'activité des larves et des adultes a été étudiée sur 22 substrats, en vue de préciser les caractéristiques de leur équipement osidasique. Les recherches ont montré que les larves et les adultes possèdent un équipement très important en - et -glucosidases, en - et -galactosidases, ainsi que des activités très importantes sur certains polysaccharides, notamment l'amidon et la pectine, mais l'activité est faible sur les hémicelluloses étudiées, notamment la xylane, l'arabinogalactane et la glucomannane. Les activités sur la carboxyméthylcellulose et la cellulose, ainsi que l'inuline, sont nulles.La corrélation étroite entre la composition en hydrates de carbone de la nourriture et les activités glycosidasiques du canal alimentaire chez les larves et les adultes permet une utilisation optimale des ressources trophiques en hydrates de carbone. Le parallélisme frappant entre le système glycosidasique des larves et celui des adultes a pour explication la ressemblance entre la composition en carbohydrates du pollen et celle de l'endosperme de haricot.
Summary Adults and larvae of Acanthoscelides obtectus eat two different types of food, similar in carbohydrate composition: larvae eat seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris and P. coccineus, adults eat principally pollen of various plants. The authors have studied the digestive activity of larvae and adults on 22 different sugars, in order to investigate activity of their glycosidase enzymes. Larvae and adults have a very important complement of - and -glucosidases, - and -galactosidases, and very high activity against certain polysaccharides, notably starch and pectin. The activity is weak on the hemicelluloses tested, notably on xylan, arabinogalactan and glucomannan. No activity is found on carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose and inuline.The close correlation between the carbohydrate composition of the food and the glycosidase activity of the alimentary canal in both larvae and adults enables optimal utilization of carbohydrate resources. The striking parallel between the glycosidase systems of adults and larvae is explained by the similar carbohydrate composition of pollen and bean endosperm.
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Leon Tetreault 《CMAJ》1964,91(2):61-66
The subjective effects of dextroamphetamine, methylphenidate and placebo were evaluated in 16 medical students during the period just prior to their final oral examinations. The subjects served as their own controls. The order of administration of the three medications for each student was randomized, and a double-blind technique was used throughout. A questionnaire method was employed for the collection of results, which proved to be a useful and effective means. It demonstrated that dextroamphetamine, methylphenidate and placebo were statistically different from one another with regard to their effect on efficiency of studying, fatigue, duration of sleep and appetite. There were also significant differences in the number of side effects caused by the three medications. The stimulants, however, did not increase the number of study hours, nor was their use recommended by the students when preparing for important examinations.  相似文献   

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Robert Matthey 《Chromosoma》1955,7(1):670-692
Sans résuméA mon cher collègue, le professeur J. Seiler, pour ses soixante-dix ans.  相似文献   

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Résumé L'étude des protéines des granules dePieris brassicae L. et des polyèdres nucléaires deBombyx mori L. par les techniques de filtration sur gel, d'électrophorèse et d'immunodiffusion révèle de nombreuses ressemblances. La comparaison des protéines des corps d'inclusion engendrés par lesBaculovirus des Lépidoptères contribue à montrer l'homogénéité de ce groupe.
Summary It is generally admitted that the viruses of nuclear polyhedroses and granuloses of Lepidoptera form two distinct groups serologically. A comparative study of proteins of nuclear polyhedral bodies ofBombyx mori and of granules ofPieris brassicae was carried by using techniques of gel filtration, electrophoresis and immunodiffusion. The characteristics of proteins of granules studied by gel chromatography and electrophoresis are closely related to those of proteins of polyhedral bodies. In immunodiffusion, the extraction of proteins of polyhedral inclusion bodies by the carbonate reveals a common antigen (C antigen) which is recognized by homologue serums and anti-protein heterologue serums of inclusion bodies of seven otherBaculovirus. The extraction by the thioglycolate reveals, in addition to C antigens, specific antigens: T antigen for the granulosis ofPieris brassicae and B antigens for the nuclear polyhedrosis ofBombyx mori. The comparison of proteins of inclusion bodies generated by granulosis and nuclear polyhedrosis viruses contributes to show the homogeneity of the LepidopterBaculovirus group.


Avec la collaboration technique de LilianeCroizier.  相似文献   

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A higher survival rate and faster wound healing in dogs on a controlled and well-balanced diet have been demonstrated when compared with those not under dietetic control.Electrophoretic comparison of serum proteins was carried out in two groups of dogs. The first was on a well-controlled and well-balanced diet; the second group received an uncontrolled diet. The dogs in Group 2 had a lower concentration of total proteins, and globulins, especially gamma-globulins, were diminished; however, the serum albumin was higher. The albumin/globulin ratio was 0.93 in Group 1 and 2.07 in Group 2.Serum electrolyte levels also showed some slight differences. Sodium and potassium levels were higher in well-nourished dogs, while chloride and bicarbonates were slightly lower.  相似文献   

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Résumé Trois isolats de polyèdres nucléaires deSpodoptera littoralis Boisduval (isolats Egypte, Maroc et Lyon) sont comparés entre eux et avec des préparations de polyèdres nucléaires des lépidoptèresBombyx mori L.,Galleria mellonella L.,Lymantria dispar L. etAutographa californica Speyer. L'analyse porte à la fois sur la composition peptidique des virions, sur le poids moléclaire des protéines des polyèdres et sur les parentés antigéniques entre ces protéines. Nous montrons que chaque espèce de lépidoptères possède un type différent de virus et que les trois isolats de polyèdres nucléaires obtenus chezS. littoralis sont très semblables. Cependant l'isolat Lyon diffère des deux autres et se compose d'un mélange de deux souches. La première souche commune aux trois isolats se propage à la fois sur larves deS. littoralis etSpodoptera exigua Hübner, tandis que la seconde souche propre à l'isolat Lyon ne se multiplie que sur larves deS. littoralis.
Summary Three NPV isolates ofSpodoptera littoralis Boisduval (Egypt, Maroc and Lyon isolates) are studied and compared to NPV ofBombyx mori L.,Galleria mellonella L.,Porthetria dispar L. andAutographa californica Speyer. Polyhedron protein and peptide analyses as well as immunological comparisons were performed. Each of lepidopterous species possesses a different virus type. The 3 isolates coming fromS. littoralis are similar. Nevertheless, Lyon isolate is a mixture of 2 closely related strains. The 1st strain multiplies inS. littoralis andSpodoptera exigua Hbn. larvae and is found in the 3 isolates. The 2nd strain belongs only to Lyon isolate and does not develop inS. exigua larvae. The polyhedron protein molecular weight of the strain 1 is 30 590 and that of the strain 2 is 28 533. Strain 2 has 1 extrapeptide of MW 80 000 in addition to 11 virion peptides common to the both strains. Attention is drawn to the importance of NPV isolates differences for the bioinsecticide characterization.
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16.
《Micron (1969)》1971,3(1):1-31
In the first section, various techniques are described for preparing pollen for study by scanning electron microscopy. The techniques include acetolysis, acid and basic hydrolysis, ultrasonic splitting of the exine, mounting and sectioning. The effects of the different treatments on the pollen are compared and summarized in a table which contains appropriate cross references to the illustrations provided. The second part is essentially a review of information obtained by these various techniques in the study of the exine and apertures of pollen grains of woody members of the Saxifragaceae.  相似文献   

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《L' Année biologique》1998,37(4):221-232
Macrophages have a central role in the immune system by eliminating a lot of pathogens. Nevertheless, they are often infected by pathogenic microorganisms in particular parasitic protozoa. They thus play the role of host cell by harbouring the intracellular survival and multiplication of these pathogens. Various mechanisms (receptors/ligands interactions, enzymes…) are involved in recognition and adhesion steps. When suitably activated, they become effector cells and they can control infection at least partially through the production of reactive oxygen derivatives. But parasitic protozoa can escape these defence mechanisms. In addition, macrophages are also antigen presenting cells and they are inductor cells of the immune response. Once again, parasitic protozoa interfere with these functions and induce chronic infections. Biology of Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania spp. and Toxoplasma gondii will be briefly reviewed to illustrate these various aspects of cellular parasitism.  相似文献   

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Sans résuméTravail effectué avec l'aide de l'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale.  相似文献   

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Résumé Les extraits antigéniques de trois champignons entomopathogènes (Beauveria bassiana, Beauveria brongniartii et Metarhizium anisopliae), soumis à l'analyse éléctrophorétique en gel d'agar révèlent au total 23 activités enzymatiques différentes (5 oxydo-réductases et 18 hydrolases), dont 18 ont été retrouvées à l'analyse immunoélectrophorétique. La carte enzymatique de ces germes complète leur analyse immunoélectrophorétique; la comparaison des isoenzymes des divers isolats permet de mettre en évidence des différences interspécifiques et intraspécifiques.Chaque souche cryptogamique se caractérise par des profils enzymatiques particuliers. Ces résultats montrent donc que l'étude des enzymogrammes est un complément utile à l'analyse immunoélectrophorétique appliquée à la caractérisation des hyphomycètes entomopathogènes. Enfin, les souches n 44 et 51 de M. anisopliae paraissent être suffisamment apparentées pour être réunies au sein d'un même biotype.  相似文献   

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