柠条锦鸡儿肌动蛋白基因的克隆和表达稳定性分析

以几种豆科植物中肌动蛋白的氨基酸保守序列设计简并引物,采用RT—PCR结合RACE扩增技术,从柠条锦鸡儿叶片中克隆到一个编码肌动蛋白的基因,命名为CkACT。该基因cDNA全长为1655bp,开放阅读框1134bp,编码377个氨基酸。氨基酸比对分析表明,该基因编码的氨基酸与其他植物肌动蛋白基因具有较高的同源性。不同组织中的表达基本上一致,不同发育时期的基因表达相似,低温、NaCl、干旱和ABA处理后的表达强度没有明显差异,说明CkACT基因表达稳定。     

Arbuscular mycorrhizal dynamics in a chronosequence of Caragana korshinskii plantations

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in a chronosequence of 5–42-year-old Caragana korshinskii plantations in the semi-arid Loess Plateau region of northwestern China were investigated. AM fungi colonization, spore diversity and PCR-denatured gradient gel electrophoresis-based AM fungal SSU rRNA gene sequences were analyzed. AM fungi colonization [measured as the percent of root length (%RLC), vesicular (%VC) and arbuscular (%AC) colonization] and spore density were significantly correlated with sampling month, but not with plant age, except for %RLC. The percent of vesicular colonization was negatively correlated with soil total nitrogen and organic carbon, and spore density was negatively correlated with soil moisture and available phosphorus. Ten distinguishable AM fungal spore morphotypes, nine Glomus and one Scutellospora species, were found. Nine AM fungal Glomus phylotypes were identified by sequencing, but at each sampling time only four to six AM fungal phylotypes were detected. The AM fungal community was significantly seasonal, whereas the AM fungal species richness did not increase with plantation age. A significant change in AM fungal colonization and community composition over an annual cycle was observed in this study, and our results suggest that the changes of AM are the product of the interaction between host phenology, soil characteristics and habitat. Understanding these interactions is essential if habitat restoration is to be effective.     

沙枣和柠条种子萌发期耐盐性研究

采用室内控制实验的方法,系统研究了沙枣和柠条种子萌发、生长、活力以及生理过程;对萌发、生长及活力指标与盐胁迫进行相关与回归分析,发现了实验室条件下沙枣和柠条种子萌发期的耐盐临界值;对生理指标与盐胁迫,生理指标与相应的萌发及生长指标进行相关性分析,在生理水平对沙枣和柠条种子萌发期对盐胁迫的响应进行了解释。主要结果包括：(1)胚根相对干重含水量与盐胁迫无相关性,初始萌发时间、休眠率以及死亡率与盐胁迫呈显著正相关,其它指标均与盐胁迫呈显著负相关;(2)胚根相对干重含水量与萌发种子初期生长无相关性,休眠率、死亡率与萌发率呈显著负相关,其它指标均与初期生长呈显著正相关;(3)受盐胁迫的抑制程度：萌发速度>萌发启动>萌发率;胚根生长>胚轴生长>萌发率;(4)种子萌发期,沙枣耐盐性强于柠条,两者耐盐临界值均高于0.1 mol·L^-1。     

柠条锦鸡儿籽油体外抗真菌作用及其机制研究(英文)

参照美国临床实验室标准化委员会(NCCLS)推荐的《产孢丝状真菌的液基稀释法抗真菌药物敏感性试验方案》(M38-A),测定超临界CO2萃取的柠条锦鸡儿籽油对3种(每种15株)临床常见的皮肤癣菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC);高效液相色谱法研究柠条锦鸡儿籽油对真菌细胞膜麦角甾醇生物合成的影响以探讨其作用机制。结果表明柠条锦鸡儿籽油对犬小孢子菌、须癣毛癣菌、红色毛癣菌的MIC范围分别为64～512μg/mL、32～512μg/mL、64～1024μg/mL;高效液相色谱法检测显示,与其生长对照菌相比,籽油作用的皮肤癣菌细胞膜上麦角甾醇含量明显降低,且具有剂量依赖性。柠条锦鸡儿籽油主要是通过影响真菌细胞膜上麦角甾醇的合成而发挥抗真菌作用。     

锦鸡儿属两种植物种子萌发生理研究

对不同种源柠条锦鸡儿、小叶锦鸡儿种子在培养过程中可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖含量变化及其吸水特性进行分析,以探讨不同种源种子的萌发生理.结果表明:(1)随种子培养时间的延长,各种源柠条锦鸡儿、小叶锦鸡儿种子中可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖含量呈总体降低趋势,并且0～24 h是种子中可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖含量降解转化速率较快的时期.(2)各种源柠条锦鸡儿、小叶锦鸡儿种子的相对吸水量随时间变化表现不一,并且柠条锦鸡儿、小叶锦鸡儿的吸水增量有两个明显峰值,第一个峰值均出现在24 h,第二个峰值分别出现在96 h和120 h.(3)各种源柠条锦鸡儿、小叶锦鸡儿的种子活力大小表现为N-5＞X-1＞X2＞N-4＞N1＞N-2＞N-3.     

Fruit production of shrub, Caragana korshinskii, following above-ground partial shoot removal: mechanisms underlying compensation

A number of studies have showed that under some conditions plant may partially, fully or overcompensate for tissue loss, however, the mechanisms underlying compensation are not well understood and still need to be researched. We examined the ability of Caragana korshinskii to compensate for fruit production after above-ground partial shoot removal. Fruit production of 30% main shoot length removal (30% RSL) and 25 and 50% main shoot number removal (25% RSN, 50% RSN) resulted in overcompensation and the response of 60% main shoot length removal (60% RSL) was full compensation. Plants’ responses associated with compensation included (1) greater reproduction efficiency (RA); (2) increased fruit set; (3) decreased fruit abortion; (4) increased seed number per pod; and (5) higher individual seed biomass. These responses may have resulted from more nectar production per flower, more sucrose flux per pod and more sucrose flux per seed of clipped plants, which may in turn have resulted from (1) drawing upon more non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) from roots to supply flower bud development and the flush of new foliage; (2) supplying more photosynthetic assimilation to fruit development owing to increases in leaf-level photosynthetic rates. Increases in leaf-level photosynthetic rates may be caused by more nutrient (nitrogen) and water availability per unit area of resource leaves after clipping.     

葡萄色顶枝瑚菌中矿质元素及氨基酸含量的测定

采用原子吸收分光光度法和FDBN柱前衍生高效液相色谱等方法测定了葡萄色顶枝瑚菌中的矿质元素、氨基酸和蛋白质的含量。矿质元素K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe的含量分别是 :4 2 .5 0 0 0mg/g、0 .90 0 0mg/g、0 .4 1 3 0mg/g、0 .0 1 1 2mg/g、0 .0 64 3mg/g、0 .0 3 1 7mg/g、0 .0 73 7mg/g;蛋白质含量为 2 8.1 7% ;氨基酸总量为 2 2 6.91mg/g,其中七种必需氨基酸含量占氨基酸总量的 4 9.2 5 %     

黄粉虫蛹的营养成分分析

采用现代分析技术手段对黄粉虫Tenebrio molitor（L．）蛹的营养成分进行分析,结果表明：其蛋白质、粗脂肪、碳水化合物及灰分含量分别为鲜重的16．8％、7．6％、1．2％、1．4％,其氨基酸和胆固醇含量分别为18.7mg／g和0．4mg／g;含有7种人体必需氨基酸,其必需氨基酸占总氨基酸含量的44．40％,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸含量的比值为79.8％,第一限制性氨基酸为含硫氨基酸,即蛋氨酸和胱氨酸;同时,其不饱和脂肪酸与必需脂肪酸分别占总脂肪的73．9％和24．1％,特别是油酸和亚油酸含量较高,分别达49．8％和23．4％：另外,该昆虫还含有K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn等多种矿物质和微量元素。     

蓝光对水稻幼苗碳水化合物和蛋白质代谢的调节

分别以白光和黑暗处理为对照,蓝光处理１０ｄ的水稻幼苗碳水化合物含量下降,蛋白质含量增加,亚胺环已酮可抑制蓝光引起的蛋白质含量增加。蓝光处理的水稻幼苗总氨基酸含量比白光和黑暗处理分别提高１２％和３６％,游离态Ｇｌｕ、Ａｓｐ含量也比对照增加。蓝光处理促进水稻幼苗的呼吸作用,对丙酮酸激酶、硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶、谷氨酸合酶和转氨酶的活性表现出一致的促进效应。     

女贞果实及种子的化学成分

女贞子为木犀科植物女贞 (ＬｉｇｕｓｔｒｕｍｌｕｃｉｄｕｍＡｉｔ.)的果实 ,有滋补肝肾、明目乌发等功效 ,主治眩晕耳鸣、腰膝酸软、须发早白和目暗不明等症 ,女贞子主产江苏、浙江、福建、湖南、广东、广西、江西和四川等省区 ,资源丰富。女贞的化学成分已有报道[1,2 ] ,作者对其全果及种子的化学成分进行较全面分析 ,旨在为其综合开发利用提供科学依据。1　材料和方法1 1　材料和仪器女贞子 2 0 0 0年 11月至 2 0 0 1年 3月分批采自福建省福州市建新郊区、仓山长安山和永泰方广岩。石油醚 (30～6 0℃ )和乙醇等均为分析纯 (上海生化制品…     

艳妇斑粉蝶蛹和成虫的营养成分分析

为了深层次地开发利用艳妇斑粉蝶,探寻艳妇斑粉蝶蛹和成虫的主要营养成分,评价其营养价值水平,运用国家标准检测方法测定艳妇斑粉蝶蛹和成虫的水分、脂肪、蛋白质、矿质元素和氨基酸的含量,分析氨基酸分和必需氨基酸指数,并将艳妇斑粉蝶蛹和成虫的蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪、矿质元素含量与常见食物的含量进行比较分析.结果显示,艳妇斑粉蝶蛹和成虫具有高蛋白(含量分别为70.7％和76.8％)、低脂肪(含量分别为11.3％ ％和7.1％)、无机物质含量丰富、矿质元素含量水平高、能量值低等特点;艳妇斑粉蝶蛹和成虫的总氨基酸含量较高,分别为417.7 mg·g-1和458.0 mg·g-1,必需氨基酸总含量分别为159.7 mg·g-1和171.7 mg·g-1,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例分别为38.2％和37.5％,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值分别为0.62和0.60;艳妇斑粉蝶蛹和成虫的必需氨基酸指数分别为0.75和0.73.艳妇斑粉蝶蛹和成虫具有较高的营养价值和食用开发价值,但是其限制性氨基酸影响了氨基酸结构的平衡.     

人工栽培与野生种抱茎獐牙菜矿物元素和氨基酸对比分析

抱茎獐牙菜又称藏茵陈,是藏药中常用草药,广泛应用于肝胆疾病的治疗。近年来,为满足日益增加的需求量,发展了人工栽培抱茎獐牙菜,研究比较人工栽培与野生抱茎獐牙菜之间的各种成分含量,对人工栽培抱茎獐牙菜替代野生抱茎獐牙菜用药有重要意义。本文对人工栽培及野生抱茎獐牙菜的矿物元素及氨基酸进行测定比较发现,人工栽培抱茎獐牙菜的矿物元素绝大多数比野生抱茎獐牙菜含量高,人工栽培抱茎獐牙菜氨基酸大多比野生抱茎獐牙菜含量高。     

Incorporation of 15N labelled urea and ammonium into proteins and amino acids of Sorghum

Protein fractionation studies in developing Sorghum kernel indicated a considerable decrease in the proportion of albumin and increase in prolamin, glutelin and residue proteins during grain development. The globulin fraction remained more or less constant. ¹⁵N analysis indicated a turnover of albumin and globulin fractions. The nitrogen present in these fractions appeared into glutelin and residue proteins. At an early maturation stage ¹⁵N from ammonium was detected in the residue fraction while that from urea was incorporated in both albumin and residue fractions. However, this difference disappeared as the grains matured. Incorporation of ¹⁵N into basic amino acids was lower when compared to that in neutral and acidic amino acids at all stages of grain development.     

伞形科鸭儿芹属植物营养成分及矿质元素含量分析

鸭儿芹属（Cryptotaenia DC.）隶属于伞形科（Apiaceae）,全世界有5或6种,均为草本植物,其中部分种类可供食用。鸭儿芹（C. japonica Hassk.）自然分布于中国[1],别名三叶芹、鸭脚板、鸭掌菜或野芹菜,具有一定的药用价值和保健功能,也是一种营养丰富的蔬菜,在中国广东（佛山）、湖南、湖北、贵州和江苏等地均有一定种植面积,也是日本设施农业栽培面积最大的蔬菜种类。目前有关鸭儿芹的研究主要集中在种子产量、栽培措施及病虫害防治等方面。     

野生湖南山核桃的营养成分研究

对野生湖南山核桃果仁的油脂及其组分、总糖、蛋白质及其氨基酸组成、维生素E、维生素B1、钙、铁、锌、铜、钼等元素含量进行分析.果仁中粗脂肪、总糖、粗蛋白质、维生素E、维生素B1的含量分别为56.57%、3.51%、8.18%、3.06 mg/100 g和1.19 mg/100 g;钙、铁、锌、铜、钼元素含量的含量分别为114.6 mg/100 g、3.26 mg/100g、5.14 mg/100g、1.69 mg/100g和0.12 mg/100g.果仁的脂肪主要由软脂酸、油酸,亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生四烯酸组成,其含量分别为6.41%,71.80%,19.28%,1.82%和0.69%;果仁中蛋白质氨基酸有16种,其中9种人体必需氨基酸都含有.     

Comparison of CD spectra in the aromatic region on a series of variant proteins substituted at a unique position of tryptophan synthase alpha-subunit

CD spectra in the aromatic region of a series of the mutant alpha-subunits of tryptophan synthase from Escherichia coli, substituted at position 49 buried in the interior of the molecule, were measured at pH 7.0 and 25 degrees C. These measurements were taken to gain information on conformational change produced by single amino acid substitutions. The CD spectra of the mutant proteins, substituted by Tyr or Trp residue in place of Glu residue at position 49, showed more intense positive bands due to one additional Tyr or Trp residue at position 49. The CD spectra of other mutant proteins also differed from that of the wild-type protein, despite the fact that the substituted residues at position 49 were not aromatic. Using the spectrum of the wild-type protein (Glu49) as a standard, the spectra of the other mutants were classified into three major groups. For 10 mutant proteins substituted by Ile, Ala, Leu, Met, Val, Cys, Pro, Ser, His, or Gly, their CD values of bands (due to Tyr residues) decreased in comparison with those of the wild-type protein. The mutant protein substituted by Phe also belonged to this group. These substituted amino acid residues are more hydrophobic than the original residue, Glu. In the second group, three mutant proteins were substituted by Lys, Gln, or Asn, and the CD values of tyrosyl bands increased compared to those of the wild-type proteins. These residues are polar. In the third group, the CD values of tyrosyl bands of two mutant proteins substituted by Asp or Thr were similar to those of the wild-type protein, except for one band at 276.5 nm. These results suggested that the changes in the CD spectra for the mutant proteins were affected by the hydrophobicity of the residues at position 49.     

氨基酸组成对蛋白质耐热性的影响

为了研究一级结构对蛋白质耐热性的影响,利用软件DNAMAN对16个家族32种蛋白质序列进行了氨基酸含量分析,并统计分析了氨基酸组成对蛋白质耐热性的影响。通过比较同一家族的高低温蛋白质序列及16个家族中所有高温和低温蛋白质序列中氨基酸含量的变化可以推断(从低温到高温)：Ser、Cys．含量降低显著,Arg、Ile、Pro含量升高显著。由此可知高温蛋白质倾向于含有疏水性氨基酸而避免亲水性氨基酸。