流感快检法与病毒分离法检测结果的比较

实验中用流感快检法和病毒分离法同时对61份标本进行检测,并进行了比较,快检法的阳性预测值为100%,阴性预测值为40.9%,两种方法的符合率为57.3%。结果表明,快检方法可以作为快速的辅助手段。     

Automated rapid method for microbioassay of amino acids

An automated rapid method for microbioassay of amino acids was investigated by taking advantages of the rapid manual method. The Pye Unicam automatic analytical apparatus was adopted for the automation of assay culture in the rapid microbioassay. The advantages of the present method are that amino acids can be automatically determined on 3.5-hr assay culture, and that an aseptic technique can be omitted. These advantages were confirmed in several amino acid assays. The assay values were the same as those obtained by the conventional method. Application of the automated rapid method to the serine assay showed a linear standard curve without a lag section, leading to more expanded assay range and smaller drift in values.     

一种快速判定细胞培养中支原体污染的方法——瓜氨酸测定法

目的：开发一种简便、快速、能及时发现细胞培养中支原体污染的方法。方法：用HPLC检测细胞培养中瓜氨酸是否存在及其量的大小。结果：当细胞培养被支原体污染时,培养基中精氨酸量明显下降,同时有瓜氨酸出现;当支原体被消除后,瓜氨酸即消失。结论：在细胞培养中瓜氨酸的出现与支原体污染的关系是特异的,用HPLC在2h内即可检出,表明该方法可靠、简便、快速,可作为细胞培养过程中支原体污染的常规监测手段。     

Rapid Microbiological Assay of Amino Acids

The rapid microbiological method for determination of amino acids was established. It is composed of 3 steps of culture; inoculum culture, intermediate culture, and assay culture. The inoculum culture is the same as that of ordinary method using Leuc. mesenteroides P–60. For the intermediate culture, which is carried out between the inoculum and assay cultures, the basal medium supplemented with appropriate amount of the amino acid to be determined is employed. The large amount of cells at logarithm phase grown in the intermediate culture are dispersed and used as inoculum for the assay culture. By this technique the assay can be performed by 2.5 to 3.5 hr of assay culture after 2 to 3 hr-intermediate culture.

The technique can be applied to the determination of amino acids in the mixture and the results agree with those obtained by ordinary method.     

A simple method of examining retroviral species produced by infected cells

A simple and rapid method to examine the retroviral species present in the culture supernatant of productively infected cells is described. The method involves purification of viral genomic RNA directly from the culture supernatant and examination of that RNA by Northern or dot blot analysis. The method provides qualitative and quantitative information about the RNA species present and is particularly valuable for the detection of genetic variants in the population.     

实时荧光核酸恒温扩增技术 在检测分泌物中MRSA的应用

目的对实时荧光核酸恒温扩增技术(simultaneous amplification and testing method,SAT)检测创面分泌物中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)核酸试剂盒(RNA恒温扩增)应用进行评价。方法收集我院临床各科室于2016年12月至2017年1月送至检验科微生物室347份分泌物标本,分别用实时恒温扩增技术和ChromID MRSA产色平板筛选MRSA。当SAT法和MRSA培养结果不相符时,进行冻存的备用标本PCR扩增、第三方测序,以MRSA培养结果加PCR测序结果作为本次试验"扩大金标准",计算SAT的灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值,并进行相应的统计学分析。结果以ChromID MRSA产色平板筛选加PCR测序作为"扩大金标准",SAT法检测MRSA的敏感度为90.91%、特异度为99.40%、阳性预测值为83.33%、阴性预测值为99.40%,对MRSA的最低检出下线为102拷贝/mL,Kappa系数为0.85。结论 SAT技术在检测分泌物中MRSA具有很高的灵敏度、特异性,而且准确、可靠,与传统的细菌培养相比耗时短,为MRSA的实验室诊断提供新的检测方法。     

An Optimized Protocol for Culture of Cardiomyocyte from Neonatal Rat

Primary culture of cardiomyocytes has been widely used as a valuable tool for pharmacological and toxicological studies. However, the fact that heart is a solid organ and cardiomyocytes do not proliferate after birth makes the primary myocardial culture a tedious job. The present study reports an improved method for rapid isolation of cardiomyocytes, as well as the culture maintenance and quality assurance. The whole culture process can be shortened to 3.5 h by reducing enzyme digestion period. Moreover, the new protocol guarantees cell yield and viability, and produces more than 95% cardiomyocytes in culture. The cardiomyocytes can respond to Angiotension II stimulation with increased protein synthesis, suggesting the practical value of this new culture method.     

Comparison of culture, enzyme immunoassay and nucleic acid sandwich hybridization in detecting Chlamydia trachomatis in genital tract infections

Abstract Culture, enzyme immunoassay (Chlamydiazyme™) and nucleic acid sandwich hybridization were compared in detecting Chlamydia trachomatis in uncomplicated genital tract infections. Urethral and cervical specimens were collected from 100 males and 100 females attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. Chlamydial culture was performed under optimal conditions (duplicate inoculation within the day specimen was collected, culture in vials, monoclonal antibody staining of inclusions, blind passage for negative samples). Here the sensitivity of culture exceeded that of the rapid methods. The sensitivity of a chlamydial antigen detection method (Chlamydiazyme™) was 68% in male and 86% in female specimens, when compared with culture, and the specificity was 100% and 97%, respectively. Acinetobacter calcoace9icus present in clinical specimens did not interfere with Chlamydiazyme™. The sensitivity of the nucleic acid sandwich hybridization was 53% of that of the culture, and specificity 100%. By comparing the three methods it was apparent that the rapid methods did not reveal chlamydial infections not detectable by culture. Thus, if performed carefully, culture is the most sensitive diagnostic method in acute genital infections due to C. trachomatis .     

A comparison of conventional culture and three rapid methods for the detection of Salmonella in poultry feeds and environmental samples

Three rapid methods, an impedance method (Malthus 2000 Analyzer), a colorimetric DNA hybridization method (Gene-Trak) and a post-enrichment enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Salmonella-Tek) were compared with conventional culture for the detection of Salmonella in poultry feeds, and in fluff and dust samples from poultry housing. The percentage positive samples for Salmonella by each of the methods were 25.5% for conventional culture, 38.4% for the Malthus, 28.9% for the Gene-Trak and 28.5% for the Salmonella-Tek. By any method 60/153 (39.2%) of the samples tested were positive on confirmed culture.     

细胞培养结合实时荧光RT-PCR法快速检测甲肝病毒滴度的研究

目的建立一种细胞培养与实时荧光RT-PCR相结合的快速检测甲肝病毒滴度的方法。方法根据甲肝病毒(HAV)L-A-1株5'端基因组序列,设计了2条基因特异性引物及一条探针,建立实时荧光RT-PCR法,结合细胞培养检测甲肝病毒滴度,并与ELISA检测法进行比较。结果实验中建立的方法能特异检测甲肝病毒,细胞培养8d检测病毒滴度为lg107.0CCID50/mL。同一样本重复检测3次,批内样本Ct值的变异系数最大为0.89%,批间样本Ct值变异系数最大为1.66%。建立的细胞培养结合实时荧光RT-PCR法(细胞培养8 d)与细胞培养ELISA法(细胞培养28 d)检测甲肝病毒滴度结果差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论该方法具有快速、灵敏、特异等优点,应用于疫苗常规检测有良好前景。     

Rapid method for enumeration of viable Legionella pneumophila and other Legionella spp. in water

A sensitive and specific method has been developed to enumerate viable L. pneumophila and other Legionella spp. in water by epifluorescence microscopy in a short period of time (a few hours). This method allows the quantification of L. pneumophila or other Legionella spp. as well as the discrimination between viable and nonviable Legionella. It simultaneously combines the specific detection of Legionella cells using antibodies and a bacterial viability marker (ChemChrome V6), the enumeration being achieved by epifluorescence microscopy. The performance of this immunological double-staining (IDS) method was investigated in 38 natural filterable water samples from different aquatic sources, and the viable Legionella counts were compared with those obtained by the standard culture method. The recovery rate of the IDS method is similar to, or higher than, that of the conventional culture method. Under our experimental conditions, the limit of detection of the IDS method was <176 Legionella cells per liter. The examination of several samples in duplicates for the presence of L. pneumophila and other Legionella spp. indicated that the IDS method exhibits an excellent intralaboratory reproducibility, better than that of the standard culture method. This immunological approach allows rapid measurements in emergency situations, such as monitoring the efficacy of disinfection shock treatments. Although its field of application is as yet limited to filterable waters, the double-staining method may be an interesting alternative (not equivalent) to the conventional standard culture methods for enumerating viable Legionella when rapid detection is required.     

Adding a selective enrichment step to the iQ-Check real-time PCR improves the detection of Salmonella in naturally contaminated retail turkey meat products

AIMS: The aim of this study was to compare the real-time iQ-Check Salmonella kit (Bio-Rad) with the immunocapture assay RapidCheck Salmonella method, and a conventional culture method (FSIS, USDA) in detecting Salmonella in naturally contaminated turkey meat products. This study was also designed to determine if a selective enrichment step might improve the real-time detection of Salmonella. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using the culture method, Salmonella was recovered from 49 out of 99 retail turkey meat samples collected. RapidCheck failed to detect 11 Salmonella samples that were positive by the culture method. The iQ-Check real-time PCR also failed to detect three samples that were positive by the culture method. However, when carried out after a selective enrichment step, the iQ-Check real-time PCR detected all 49 Salmonella samples recovered by the culture method. The iQ-Check real-time PCR detected the presence of Salmonella in some samples that were not recovered by the culture method. CONCLUSIONS: Adding a selective enrichment step to the iQ-Check real-time PCR improves the detection of Salmonella in naturally contaminated turkey meat samples. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The iQ-Check Salmonella real-time PCR can be used as a rapid method to monitor Salmonella in turkey meat, together with conventional culture methodology.     

一种适于营养胁迫研究的拟南芥水培方法

水培法可通过更换营养液来控制根际营养成分,成为植物营养学研究的最佳培养方式。由于根际通气和微生物滋生等问题,拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)的水培技术始终无法被广泛应用。该文利用Eppendorf离心管管盖和离心管盒,将拟南芥种子在琼脂上萌发和植株水培有机结合,通过控制营养液用量和液体深度,增加营养液表面积,解决了水培过程中根系通气问题。利用离心管管盖作为支撑材料,降低了琼脂水分蒸发,并减少琼脂的用量和厚度,从而实现琼脂和营养液的快速平衡,为拟南芥培养和营养胁迫研究提供了一个简单且经济的水培方法。     

Transmission and detection of Flavobacterium columnare in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus

A specific and rapid PCR detection method for Flavobacterium columnare based on the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region (ISR) of the ribosomal RNA operon has been developed. The ISR of 30 F. columnare strains and other Flavobacterium species was amplified using universal primers and sequenced. Once F. columnare specific sequences within the ISR were recognized, specific PCR primers were designed against them (FCISRFL and FCISRR1). The primers were sensitive and able to detect as low as 7 colony forming units from pure culture by PCR. The new PCR detection method was applied to experimentally infected channel catfish. Two different experiments in which channel catfish fingerlings were infected by intramuscular injection or by immersion bath showed the advantage of the PCR method over standard culture techniques. F. columnare was detected by PCR in both tank water and catfish tissue samples with a higher frequency and in less time than standard microbiological methods. Furthermore, PCR detection confirmed that F. columnare can be transmitted horizontally indirectly through the water column without fish-to-fish contact. The newly developed PCR detection method for F. columnare was more sensitive and rapid than standard culture on bacteriological media for detection of F. columnare in channel catfish tissues and in tank water.     

Evaluation of the MicroFoss system for the detection of Listeria species in environmental samples

The MicroFoss system was evaluated for its ability to detect Listeria species in environmental samples. The sensitivity and specificity of the MicroFoss were determined in relation to a standard culture method for Listeria detection. The sensitivities of both the MicroFoss and standard culture methods were similar (88.4%-MicroFoss, 90.7%-Culture) based on the total number of positive results obtained by both methods. The MicroFoss system detected Listeria spp. in 12 samples, which were not detected by culture, and the culture method detected Listeria spp. in 15 samples, which were not detected by the MicroFoss method. This was likely due to uneven distribution of low levels of Listeria organisms in the split sponge samples used to assess the performance of these test methods. The specificity value determined for the MicroFoss system was 92.7%. The majority of microbes causing false positive results in the MicroFoss system were Bacillus species, which were readily distinguishable from Listeria species by a simple Gram stain and morphological features. Listeria monocytogenes (89.4%-MicroFoss, 88.0%-Culture) and Listeria innocua (8.8%-MicroFoss, 7.7%-Culture) were the most common isolates of Listeria detected by the two test methods, with L. monocytogenes being the most predominant isolate detected. The highly comparable results and rapid nature of the MicroFoss system demonstrate its effectiveness as a detection system for species of Listeria in environmental samples. The fact that the sensitivity of the MicroFoss system was similar to that of the culture method and the Listeria results were obtained within 48 h of testing, support the use of the MicroFoss as an alternative rapid method for screening large numbers of environmental samples for Listeria spp.     

不同方法检测鸡胴体中沙门菌结果的比较研究

对鸡胴体淋洗液样品进行沙门菌检测,样品经过前增菌和选择性增菌后,分别采用4种不同的方法进行检测,即普通PCR方法、实时荧光PCR方法、免疫学方法(VIDAS)和传统的微生物检验方法。共检测了56份样品,普通PCR检出阳性样品34份,实时荧光PCR阳性样品36份,VIDAS阳性样品28份;PCR和实时荧光定量PCR均无假阳性和假阴性结果。结果显示该3种检测方法均可以用于鸡胴体中沙门菌的快速检测。     

Method for the quantitative study of the growth of fibroblastic cells in tissue culture

The method is elaborated for a quantitative evaluation of hypodermic fibroblast element growth in tissue culture of albino rats. The method is based on determination of the growth activity and intensity for each of the explant growth zones (compact, necwork-like zones and zone of migrating elements). The method permits a rapid and an exact evaluation of the influence of different substances added to the culture medium.     

A rapid electrophoretic method for the measurement of plasmid copy number

A rapid and inexpensive method for the measurement of copy number of small plasmids, ranging from 8.7 to 13 kb, in under 1 ml of liquid culture is described. The method involves whole cell lysis, electrophoretic separation of plasmid and chromosomal DNA followed by relative densitometric measurement of each, to give an estimation of the plasmid copies per chromosome. Results can be obtained in under 8 h and the method proved to be reproducible, fast and ideal for processing large numbers of samples from batch or continuous culture.     

Chemical determination of leucogenenol and its production by Penicillium gilmanii

A method for the quantitative determination of leucogenenol, a leucocytosis-inducing compound produced by Penicillium gilmanii, has been developed. The formation of leucogenenol in P. gilmanii and its diffusion into the culture fluid has been followed over a period of 12 weeks. The highest concentration of leucogenenol was found in the mycelium of rapidly growing cultures. The greatest concentration occurred in the culture fluid, however, after cessation of rapid growth. The concentration of leucogenenol in the mycelium of cultures over 4 weeks old fluctuated widely. This fluctuation was apparently due to the formation and rapid growth of daughter colonies.     

A fully autologous co-culture system utilising non-irradiated autologous fibroblasts to support the expansion of human keratinocytes for clinical use

Autologous keratinocytes can be used to augment cutaneous repair, such as in the treatment of severe burns and recalcitrant ulcers. Such cells can be delivered to the wound bed either as a confluent sheet of cells or in single-cell suspension. The standard method for expanding primary human keratinocytes in culture uses lethally irradiated mouse 3T3 fibroblasts as feeder cells to support keratinocyte attachment and growth. In an effort to eliminate xenobiotic cells from clinical culture protocols where keratinocytes are applied to patients, we investigated whether human autologous primary fibroblasts could be used to expand keratinocytes in culture. At a defined ratio of a 6:1 excess of keratinocytes to fibroblasts, this co-culture method displayed a population doubling rate comparable to culture with lethally irradiated 3T3 cells. Furthermore, morphological and molecular analysis showed that human keratinocytes expanded in co-culture with autologous human fibroblasts were positive for proliferation markers and negative for differentiation markers. Keratinocytes expanded by this method thus retain their proliferative phenotype, an important feature in enhancing rapid wound closure. We suggest that this novel co-culture method is therefore suitable for clinical use as it dispenses with the need for lethally irradiated 3T3 cells in the rapid expansion of autologous human keratinocytes.