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1.
Accumulation of ammonium ion in cadmium tolerant and sensitive cultivars of Oryza sativa 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cd-tolerant and Cd-sensitive rice cultivars were used to study the role of NH4
+ accumulation in Cd-induced toxicity. NH4
+ accumulation seems to be involved in regulating the toxicity of rice seedlings caused by CdCl2. This conclusion was based on the observations that (a) on treatment with CdCl2, NH4
+ content increased rapidly in the leaves of the Cd-sensitive cultivar (cv. Taichung Native 1, TN1) but not in the Cd-tolerant cultivar (cv. Tainumg 67, TNG67), (b) pretreatment with abscisic acid (ABA) enhanced Cd tolerance and reduced Cd-induced NH4
+ accumulation in TN1 seedlings, (c) exogenous application of the ABA biosynthesis inhibitor, fluridone, decreased Cd tolerance and increased NH4
+ content in leaves of TNG67, (d) exogenous application of phosphinothricin, an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase (GS), which resulted in NH4
+ accumulation in the leaves, also induced toxicity similar to Cd in TN1 seedlings. Evidence is presented to show that Cd-induced NH4
+ accumulation in TN1 leaves is attributable to a decrease in GS activity. Since Cd-treated TN1 leaves had higher glutamine and glutamate contents than control leaves, it is unlikely that glutamine (or glutamate) depletion is the mechanism which regulates Cd-induced toxicity. 相似文献
2.
Metabolite adjustments in drought tolerant and sensitive soybean genotypes in response to water stress 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Soybean (Glycine max L.) is an important source of protein for human and animal nutrition, as well as a major source of vegetable oil. The soybean crop requires adequate water all through its growth period to attain its yield potential, and the lack of soil moisture at critical stages of growth profoundly impacts the productivity. In this study, utilizing (1)H NMR-based metabolite analysis combined with the physiological studies we assessed the effects of short-term water stress on overall growth, nitrogen fixation, ureide and proline dynamics, as well as metabolic changes in drought tolerant (NA5009RG) and sensitive (DM50048) genotypes of soybean in order to elucidate metabolite adjustments in relation to the physiological responses in the nitrogen-fixing plants towards water limitation. The results of our analysis demonstrated critical differences in physiological responses between these two genotypes, and identified the metabolic pathways that are affected by short-term water limitation in soybean plants. Metabolic changes in response to drought conditions highlighted pools of metabolites that play a role in the adjustment of metabolism and physiology of the soybean varieties to meet drought effects. 相似文献
3.
The influence of cold acclimation on antioxidative enzymes and antioxidants in sensitive and tolerant barley cultivars 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In order to better understand the role of cold acclimation in alleviating freezing injury, two barley cultivars with different
cold tolerance, i.e. a sensitive cv. Chumai 1 and a tolerant cv. Mo 103, were used. The freezing treatment increased leaf soluble protein content
more in the tolerant cultivar than in the sensitive one. Cold acclimation increased H2O2 content of the two cultivars during freezing treatment, especially in Mo 103. Glutathione and ascorbate contents during freezing
and recovery were significantly higher in cold-acclimated plants than in non-acclimated ones. Activities of peroxidase, ascorbate
peroxidase and glutathione reductase were also higher in cold-acclimated plants than non-acclimated plants during freezing
treatment. However, there was no significant difference between cold-acclimated plants and the control plants in catalase
activity. It may be assumed that cold acclimation induced H2O2 production, which in turn enhanced activities of antioxidative enzymes and synthesis of antioxidants, resulting in alleviation
of oxidative stress caused by freezing. 相似文献
4.
Comparison of somatic embryogenesis and embryo conversion in commercial soybean cultivars 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Six commercially important soybean cultivars and one control cultivar were compared for differences in induction-efficiency of somatic embryogenesis, primary embryo yield, and embryo conversion. Cotyledons from immature seeds of similar developmental stage for all soybean cultivars were used for embryo induction. The experiments utilized a Latin square design to exclude the effect of differential lighting and position due to plate location in the growth chamber on the embryogenesis process. Results indicated that the efficiency of embryo induction and yield of primary somatic embryos were genotype-dependent. In contrast, no dependence on genotype was observed for the conversion of embryos to form roots and shoots. The percentage of cotyledons that gave a positive embryogenic response ranged from 26 to 89% for the soybean cultivars tested. The average number of primary globular-stage embryos per responding cotyledon after one month on induction medium ranged from 6 to 13 among the seven cultivars. Conversion frequencies for all genotypes ranged from 27 to 45%. 相似文献
5.
The quantitative changes in peroxidase activity and composition of anionic and cationic isoperoxidases were investigated in roots of two barley cultivars differing in Al resistance. Root growth of Al-resistant cv. Bavaria was in lesser extent reduced by Al treatment (23% after 24 h Al-treatment), whereas 40% reduction of the root growth was observed in Al-sensitive cv. Alfor. The strong root growth inhibition in Al-sensitive cv. Alfor correlated with a 6-fold enhancement of peroxidase activity by Al treatment. Al-induced enhancement of peroxidase activity was found also in roots of Al-resistant cv. Bavaria, but this increase was only half of the Al-sensitive cv. Alfor. Comparison of peroxidase isoenzyme composition of Al-treated and non-treated roots revealed that activity of at least five anionic and four cationic isoperoxidases was stimulated by Al treatment. Three of anionic isoperoxidases (aPOD2-4) were selectively induced only in the Al-sensitive cv. Alfor. A possible involvement of peroxidases in root-growth inhibition is discussed. 相似文献
6.
Kim HK Jang YH Baek IS Lee JH Park MJ Chung YS Chung JI Kim JK 《Molecules and cells》2005,19(1):67-73
Isoflavones are synthesized by isoflavone synthases via the phenylpropanoid pathway in legumes. We have cloned two isoflavone synthase genes, IFS1 and IFS2, from a total of 18 soybean cultivars. The amino acid residues of the proteins that differed between cultivars were dispersed over the entire coding region. However, amino acid sequence variation did not occur in conserved domains such as the ERR triad region, except that one conserved amino acid was changed in the IFS2 protein of the GS12 cultivar (R374G) and the IFS1 proteins of the 99M06 and Soja99s65 cultivars (A109T, F105I). In three cultivars (99M06, 99M116, and Simheukpi), most of amino acid changes were such that the difference between the amino acid sequences of IFS1 and IFS2 was reduced. The expression profiles of three enzymes that convert naringenin to the isoflavone, genistein, chalcone isomerase (CHI), isoflavone synthase (IFS) and flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) were examined. In general, IFS mRNA was more abundant in etiolated seedlings than mature plants whereas the levels of CHI and F3H mRNAs were similar in the two stages. During seed development, IFS was expressed a little later than CHI and F3H but expression of these three genes was barely detectable, if at all, during later seed hardening. In addition, we found that the levels of CHI, F3H, and IFS mRNAs were under circadian control. We also showed that IFS was induced by wounding and by application of methyl jasmonate to etiolated soybean seedlings. 相似文献
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Lines of soybean [Glycine max (L.)] tolerant of atrazine were developed by an in vitro and in vivo atrazine challenge. Cotyledonary node plus epicotyl explants from mature germinated seed of soybean introduction PI 438489B were cultured on RV-5 medium containing 48 mg active ingredient (a.i.)/l atrazine for one month. Most of the explants (66%) on medium containing atrazine, and 10% on medium without atrazine died. Explants surviving exposure to atrazine callused and organogenically regenerated shoots developed. Soil around R0 plants regenerated from atrazine tolerant shoots and nonatrazine challenged shoots (controls) were subsequently tested in vivo for atrazine tolerance. All controls died. Seeds were collected from atrazine tolerant R0 plants. Two weeks after planting, emerged R1 seedlings were tested in vivo for atrazine tolerance as the R0 plants were. This procedure was repeated on the R2 plants. All nonatrazine selected control plants died when exposed to this herbicide. Atrazine tolerant R2 plants were maintained in atrazine amended soil and appeared as healthy and vigorous as the control growing in atrazine free soil.Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri. Journal Series Number 11.340Mention of tradenames does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the University of Missouri and does not imply their approval to the exclusion of other products. 相似文献
9.
An integrative proteome analysis of different seedling organs in tolerant and sensitive wheat cultivars under drought stress and recovery 下载免费PDF全文
Pengchao Hao Jiantang Zhu Aiqin Gu Dongwen Lv Pei Ge Guanxing Chen Xiaohui Li Yueming Yan 《Proteomics》2015,15(9):1544-1563
Roots, leaves, and intermediate sections between roots and leaves (ISRL) of wheat seedlings show different physiological functions at the protein level. We performed the first integrative proteomic analysis of different tissues of the drought‐tolerant wheat cultivar Hanxuan 10 (HX‐10) and drought‐sensitive cultivar Chinese Spring (CS) during a simulated drought and recovery. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the roots (122), ISRLs (146), and leaves (163) showed significant changes in expression in response to drought stress and recovery. Numerous DEPs associated with cell defense and detoxifications were significantly regulated in roots and ISRLs, while in leaves, DEPs related to photosynthesis showed significant changes in expression. A significantly larger number of DEPs related to stress defense were upregulated in HX‐10 than in CS. Expression of six HSPs potentially related to drought tolerance was significantly upregulated under drought conditions, and these proteins were involved in a complex protein–protein interaction network. Further phosphorylation analysis showed that the phosphorylation levels of HSP60, HSP90, and HOP were upregulated in HX‐10 under drought stress. We present an overview of metabolic pathways in wheat seedlings based on abscisic acid signaling and important protein expression patterns. 相似文献
10.
In the topmost leaves of low-irradiance (LI) tolerant CO 43 and LI susceptible IR 20 rice cultivars, the contents of chlorophyll
(chl)a andb and carotenoids and the Hill reaction activity increased under LI. The increase was greater in cv. CO 43 than that in cv.
IR 20, and in Chlb than in Chla. The contents of soluble proteins and reducing sugars and nitrate reductase activity of the leaves decreased while the content
of non-reducing sugars increased due to shading. The decrease in reducing sugars was greater in cv. CO 43 than in cv. IR 20.
On the other hand, the decrease in soluble proteins and nitrate reductase was much less in cv. CO 43 as compared with cv.
IR 20.
Communicated by Z. ŠESTáK 相似文献
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Kang Hyunhee Naing Aung Htay Park Soon Ki Chung Mi Young Kim Chang Kil 《Protoplasma》2023,260(1):271-280
Protoplasma - The protocol optimized for Petunia hybrida cv. Mirage Rose produced high protoplast yields in 3 out of other 11 cultivars (Damask White, Dreams White, and Opera Supreme White).... 相似文献
13.
Regulation of alternative oxidase gene expression in soybean 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Djajanegara I Finnegan PM Mathieu C McCabe T Whelan J Day DA 《Plant molecular biology》2002,50(4-5):735-742
Soybean (Glycine max cv. Stevens) suspension cells were used to investigate the expression of the alternative oxidase (Aox) multigene family. Suspension cells displayed very high rates of cyanide-insensitive respiration, but Aox3 was the only isoform detected in untreated cells. Incubation with antimycin A, citrate, salicylic acid or at low temperature (10 °C) specifically induced the accumulation of the Aox1 isoform. Aox2 was not observed under any conditions in the cells. Increases in Aox1 protein correlated with increases in Aox1 mRNA. Treatment of soybean cotyledons with norflurazon also induced expression of Aox1. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected upon incubation of cells with antimycin, salicylic acid or at low temperature, but not during incubation with citrate. Aox1 induction by citrate, but not by antimycin, was prevented by including the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine in the medium. The results suggest that multiple pathways exist in soybean to regulate expression of Aox genes and that Aox1 specifically is induced by a variety of stress and metabolic conditions via at least two independent signal transduction pathways. 相似文献
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Salt tolerance of soybean cultivars 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
Soybean (Glycine max) cv. Clark tolerated NaCl salinity up to osmotic potential in soil -1800 kPa, cv. Forest to -1500 kPa
and cv. Kint to -1200 kPa. The tolerance of cvs. Clark and Forest was found to be related to the accumulation of soluble proteins,
amino acids, proline, K and Ca. The sensitivity of cv. Kint was found to be associated with decrease in water, saccharide,
protein, K and Ca contents. The leaf osmotic potential decreased in cvs. Clark and Forest while remained unchanged in cv.
Kint.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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C. EDUARDO VALLEJOS 《Plant, cell & environment》1991,14(1):105-112
Abstract. Comparisons were made between the changes in mRNA levels induced by low night temperatures in the cold–sensitive tomato and two altitudinal ecotypes of the wild species L. hirsutum. Changes in mRNA levels were detected by resolving in vitro translation products of poly(A)+ RNA by 2-D PAGE. The treatment was applied by first growing plants in a thermoperiod of 25/18°C and then switching to 25/6°C. All tomatoes displayed a diurnal cycling in which a set of mRNAs accumulated at the end of the 18°C nights, whereas another accumulated at the end of the 25°C days. The accumulation of night specific mRNAs was inhibited by 6°C nights in the cold sensitive tomatoes while that of the tolerant one was only marginally affected. All tomatoes showed a similar reduction in the apparent turnover rate of the day specific mRNAs during the 6°C nights. Finally, low night temperatures induced the accumulation of six to eight mRNAs in all genotypes. This number increased by 15 in L. esculentum after the seventh night and are likely involved in stress response rather than acclimation/tolerance. The tomato is proposed as a genetic model to discriminate genes involved in acclimation/tolerance from those involved in stress response. 相似文献
18.
Kobra Maghsoudi Yahya Emam Ali Niazi Mohammad Javad Arvin 《Journal of Plant Interactions》2018,13(1):461-471
19.
In higher plants, asparagine synthetase (AS) plays an important role in regulating the nitrogen sink-source relationship. We studied the expression of AS genes in five Chinese soybean cultivars exhibiting contrasting seed protein contents. We found that only the AS2 but not the AS1 gene was induced by dark treatment. On the other hand, the expression of AS1 in leaves (especially in trifoliate leaves of young seedlings) showed a positive correlation with seed protein contents in the soybean cultivars tested. Therefore, in spite of the fact that the principle transporting compounds in soybean plants for nitrogen acquired via symbiotic fixation are ureides, AS may still play an important role in the process of nitrogen assimilation. 相似文献
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